三倍体毛白杨无性系苗期生长特性初步探讨

2000年引进的三倍体毛白杨无性系B301、B302、B303、B304、B305、B306、B331，以易县毛白杨作对照，对其物候期、生长量、生长节律和生物量进行观测、分析。结果表明：引种的7个三倍体毛白杨优良无性系在山东自然条件下均能正常完成年生育周期；各无性系苗木的高度和地径生长量均明显高于对照，且高度和地径生长节律基本相同。三倍体毛白杨无性系的总生物量均大于对照，且各无性系之间的生物量差别不大。     

毛白杨无性系林木生长动态分析

用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程和Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄ方程分段描述８个毛白杨无性系９年生、１２年生林木的生长动态，揭示了不同无性系生长型的差异，预测了１５年时的生长量，不仅为选择提供了科学依据，对速生丰产林经营也具有重要的指导意义，研究表明用不同曲线方程分段描述林木生长动态优于使用单一曲线。     

毛白杨优良无性系生长性状数量分析

对温县国有苗圃场栽培的7个10 a生毛白杨无性系及对照河南毛白杨的树高和胸径生长进行了分析。结果表明,7个毛白杨无性系间树高和胸径生长没有显著差异,各无性系的树高和胸径均大于对照河南毛白杨,可以作为优良无性系建立采穗圃繁育良种壮苗。7个毛白杨无性系的树高重复力为0.426,胸径重复力为0.327。研究的结果为杨树人工林建设和城乡绿化提供参考。     

欧美杨新无性系苗期年生长模型的研究

以3个欧美杨(P.×euramericana)无性系为材料,利用Logistic方程对各个无性系的一年生扦插苗木的苗高、地径的年生长节律进行拟合。根据因素数列的几何形状发展态势的接近程度,将苗木的生长量与影响苗木生长的空气温度、空气相对湿度、降水量和日照时数组成一个灰色系统,进行面积关联度分析。结果表明:利用Logistic方程拟合效果显著,相关系数皆在0.92以上。并以此将无性系扦插苗的生长过程分为成活期、生长前期、速生期和生长后期4个时期,年生长量表现出明显的"慢快慢快慢"的节律,其中速生期内的苗高生长量占总生长量的比率平均为60.3%,地径生长量占总生长量的比率平均为63.7%。关联度分析表明空气温度对苗木的高生长影响最大,降水量影响最小;而日照时数对苗木的粗生长影响最大,降水量影响最小。通过对苗木年生长节律和影响苗木生长的主要环境因子进行分析,为加强苗木生产管理,提高苗木的质量和土地的生产力,提供了理论依据。     

三倍体毛白杨无性系生长性状研究

以三倍体毛白杨无性系B301、B302、B303、B304、B305、B306、B317、B318、B331、B385、B513、B517、BM13、BM19、BM27、BM86为试验材料,以易县毛白杨作为对照,进行田间试验,对各无性系的树高、胸径、材积进行逐年分析,发现B301、B303、B331、B513、B517这五个无性系树高、胸径、材积明显大于易县毛白杨.     

楸树杂种无性系苗期生长参数的分析研究

通过对12个楸树杂种无性系的研究表明,楸树杂种无性系苗期苗高、地径生长节律符合"S"型曲线,其生长进程均表现出明显的"慢-快-慢"的节律。采用Logistic生长方程对动态生长节律进行拟合,相关系数达0.99以上,拟合的效果极显著。楸树速生期的天数占整个生长期的比重为47%,速生期内的生长量占整个生长量的60%以上;楸树杂种无性系苗高生长峰值出现在7月中旬,地径峰值在7月上旬,苗高速生期开始时间为6月上旬,地径速生期开始时间5月下旬。苗高速生期结束时间为9月初,地径速生期结束时间在8月下旬,苗高速生期持续天数86 d,地径速生期持续天数89 d。     

2个毛白杨无性系生长差异性分析

在对甘肃天水的毛白杨优良无性系试验点进行阶段性研究,通过样地调查,树木胸径、树高、材积的测定和计算及其解析木的测定与分析,建立了2个毛白杨无性系的生长过程总表和生长模型。然后,用t检验法,对2个毛白杨无性系的生长差异性进行分析,结果表明：河北1609号毛白杨优良无性系不论在胸径、树高、材积方面的总生长量都大于易县雌株毛白杨,而且,树干更显通直。因此认为,1609号毛白杨无性系在该地有更好的表现和培养前途,这对天水地区毛白杨资源的开发利用与保护有重要意义。     

毛白杨无性系木纤维的变异与苗期选择

本试验材料取自山东冠县苗圃的全国毛白杨优树无性系测定林共30个无性系。育苗2年后测定木纤维长度、宽度及其他因子。供试无性系的纤维长度均大大超过0.33mm,属于造纸能提高纸张的物理强度,纤维的平均长宽比为37.9。(?)明2年生苗可作造纸原料。经方差分析,结果表明各无性系纤维长度差异极(?)著,宽度差异显著。又经相关分析,提出以毛白杨叶长度作为判断纤维长度的表型标志。为在苗期选择纤维最长的无性系,打下了基础。     

欧美杨新无性系苗期年生长规律的研究

以3个欧美杨(P.×euramericana)无性系为材料,利用Logistic方程对各个无性系的一年生扦插苗木的苗高、地径的年生长节律进行拟合.根据因素列的几何形状发展态势的接近程度,将苗木的生长量与影响苗木生长的气象因子空气温度、空气相对湿度、降水量和日照时数组成一个灰色系统,进行面积关联度分析.结果表明利用Logistic方程拟合效果显著,相关系数皆在0.94以上.并以此将无性系扦插苗的生长过程分为成活期、生长前期、速生期和生长后期四个时期,年生长量表现出明显的"慢-快-慢-快-慢"的节律,其中速生期内的苗高生长量占总生长量的比率平均为58.2%,地径生长量占总生长量的比率平均为70.1%.并对各个生长时期的生长特点进行了分析,探讨了苗木的年生长规律.关联度分析表明空气温度对苗木的高生长影响最大,日照时数影响最小;而日照时数对苗木的粗生长影响最大,降水量影响最小.通过对苗木年生长节律和影响苗木生长主要环境因子进行分析,为加强苗木生产管理,提高苗木的质量和土地的生产力,提供了理论依据.     

Effects of Planting Density on Growth of New Clones in Populus tomentosa

Effects of seven planting densities on the growth and tree form of nine 5-year-old new clones in Populus tomentosa were studied. The plantations, arranged with completely random block design, were located in Wuzhi County, Henan Province.Results indicated that effects of planting density on the diameter at breast height (DBH), individual volume and growing stock increment of all new clones in P. tomentosa were significant at the 1% level of probability, effects of planting density on the tree height increment of new clones B2 and B31 and on the live branches height (LBH) increment of new clones B5 and B30 were significant at the 5% level of probability, while the interaction between planting density and clone was not significant at the 5% level of probability. It was concluded that the degree of differences among new clones within the same planting density was different with different planting densities and traits. For short rotation industrial timber, clones B 1, B3, B4, B5, B7, B9, B31 were suitable with the density of 1 000-2 500 trees per hectare, while for bigger diameter timber, clones B1, B3, B4, B7, B9, B31 could be used with the planting density of 660-833 trees per hectare. Clonal repeatability was also different in different planting densities.     

Lignin Characterization of Triploid Clones of Populus tomentosa Carr.

In order to understand the structural characteristics of lignin in triploid clones ofPopulus tomentosa and its changes in the processes of pulping and bleaching, milled wood lignin （MWL）, lignin carbohydrate complex （LCC） and the residual lignin from kraft pulp （KP） and sulfite pulp （SP） were isolated and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum and ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）. The most diagnostic peaks were assigned and the differences were discussed. The spectral patterns reveal that triploid P tomentosa shows the specific features of hardwood from temperate areas, but in the spectrum of FTIR, the strength ratio orAl270 cm^-1 to A1226 cm^-1 is 0.88, higher than the average of hardwood from temperate areas, which will make the lignin delignification more difficult during pulping and bleaching. The LCC from triploid P tomentosa is mainly composed of xyloglucan and glucuronic acid, and other glucides have much lower ratio. In LCC FTIR, there are three peaks at 1 427, 1 329 and 1 046 cm^-1, indicating that both semi-cellulose and cellulose could exist in LCC, and that there might be relationships between cellulose and lignin. Compared with the residual lignin from KP and SP, the condensed structure in KP is more than that in SP.     

Effects of Fertilization Treatments on Plantation Growth of Triploid Clones in Populus tomentosa

With four clones of triploid Populus tomentosa as materials, the effects of fertilization treatment on growth and physiological characters in terms of leaf nitrogen content, phosphorous content, potassium content, net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate, water utilization efficiency and chlorophyll content have been studied. Compared with the general fertilizer as a control, the long-effect fertilizer, especially for Populus, produce more favorable results, for P. tomentosa on sandy land.     

不同毛白杨无性系林分蓄积量的长期水氮耦合效应

【目的】研究不同田间持水量和纯氮施用量对毛白杨人工林单位面积上林分蓄积量的影响,确定毛白杨无性系最佳水氮组合方案。【方法】采用裂区试验设计在河北威县林地研究不同水氮耦合处理对不同无性系(BT17,B331,S86,1316)毛白杨林分蓄积量影响。【结果】1)无性系在不同纯氮施用量和田间持水量灌溉条件下单位面积上林分生长量有差异,S86无性系对高水肥处理响应较好,1316无性系响应较差。2)对杨树人工林进行水分灌溉管理措施时,应该设置田间持水量75%以上作为灌溉临界值同时灌溉临界值应考虑造林地区的环境条件、造林密度、林龄等因素。3)杨树人工林单位面积上纯氮施肥量范围是在100~400kg·hm^-2,且施肥量应当根据实验地区肥力等级状况进行酌量加减。【结论】在河北威县S86无性系是在田间持水量75%以上和每株施氮量160g的管理措施下能实现速生丰产的毛白杨无性系,建议在相近地区进行杨树人工林速生丰产林培育时候优先考虑。     

三倍体毛白杨新无性系木材干缩性的遗传分析

利用 9a生三倍体毛白杨测定林的 9个无性系为试材 ,着重研究了木材干缩率的遗传学问题。结果表明 :木材干缩率在无性系间的差异都达到了极显著水平 ,并受到强度遗传控制 ;木材干缩在株内纵向的变异模式是随树高增加而降低 ;全干体积 ,径向、弦向干缩率和气干体积 ,径向、弦向干缩率无性系重复力分别为 0 89,0 95 ,0 84 ,0 6 7,0 84和 0 6 8。     

毛白杨无性系湿心材比例的遗传分析

对毛白杨无性系测定林分内25个无性系150棵单株木芯试样的湿心材比例进行测定和遗传分析。结果表明:无性系间湿心材比例差异达到5%显著水平,湿心材比例的无性系重复力高达0.749,受中度遗传控制,在无性系间进行可获得良好效果;湿心材比例与木质素含量及与木材基本密度之间无相关性,对这3个性状可以进行单独选择;湿心材比例与胸径之间在1%水平上呈极显著的负表型相关性和显著的负遗传相关性,可联合选择;在所研究的25个无性系中,可选择1232#无性系,它的湿心材比例较低、木质素含量较低、材色较白,且胸径较大。     

三倍体毛白杨无性系木材两个切面密度的可视化

This study uses two different mathematical models and gets two dimensional graphs of longitudinal and tangential section wood density at the same time by the radial wood density data measured by X-ray. The graph is direct and clear. It can be used to analyze the distribution and difference of wood density. It can also be done various kinds of transformation, including different angle, different colors, space and plane, part and entirety. This develops the visible analysis of wood density. Next the distribution of wood density of veneer will be simulated by new mathematical model and radial wood density data.     

毛白杨新无性系引进选育研究

对引进11个毛白杨新无性系，在造林试验获取各无性系生长、形质指标，以及抗病性状等数据基础上，进行了多性状选择。结果BT17、51L-7、193、175、196、BT18、BT85等7个新无性系生长快、不蹲苗、破腹病率低，适应性强，材积生长比对照增益180．35％，是大连地区造林优良新品种，其中193、BT17、BT18为雄性不飞絮无性系，又是城镇绿化的好品种。     

毛白杨无性系树体性状的关系分析

对１０年生毛白杨无性系５个树体性状组的关系分析结果表明，材积、枝下高、圆满度三个重要经济性状的改良潜力较大，通直度的改良效果较差。主干和侧枝两性状组与经济性状组的关系密切，分别解释了经济性状组５４７５％和２８７６％的相关变异。对经济性状实施选择时，可把树高、胸径、Ｈ／２径、冠幅、侧枝的数量与密度、主枝的长与粗以及新枝长和节数作为间接选择指标。