枳椇果醋发酵工艺优化研究

以野生枳椇为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,对枳椇保健醋发酵工艺条件进行研究与优化,考查了醋酸菌接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间3个因素对醋酸含量的影响,得到了枳椇保健醋加工的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,枳椇保健醋醋酸发酵的最优工艺条件为枳椇果浆糖度调整至14%,初始pH值为4.0,接入0.12%酒用活化酵母,酒精发酵温度32℃,酒精发酵时间7 d,枳椇酒醪酒精度为6.2%;接入9%醋酸菌,醋酸发酵温度36℃,醋酸发酵时间10 d,酿制的枳椇醋具有食醋清香和枳椇果香,酸味柔和、风味独特、酸甜爽口。     

红枣保健醋的研制

通过研究大枣醋酿制的最佳工艺参数,使大枣醋获得最优风味的组合,进而根据口感需要研发符合市场需求的大枣保健醋。选用新疆大枣,采用液态发酵技术,利用单因素试验与正交试验确定最佳发酵条件。结果表明,酒精发酵温度为31℃,枣汁含糖量为24%,酵母接种量0.3%,发酵时间为8 d,酒精含量为9.0%;醋酸发酵温度为39℃,酒精含量为7%,醋酸菌接种量4%,发酵时间为9 d,总酸为37.2 g/L。风味独特的新型保健醋混合饮料,不仅丰富了枣醋市场,也为相关加工企业提供了重要的生产参数。     

苦瓜醋加工工艺研究

以苦瓜为原料研制一种苦瓜保健醋,通过单因素和正交试验,确定最佳的工艺参数。结果表明,提取苦瓜汁的最佳工艺参数为:酶解时间2.5 h,酶解温度50℃,加酶量24 m L,酶解p H 4.0;酒精发酵的最佳工艺参数为:发酵温度30℃、酵母接种量0.05%、糖度18°BX;醋酸发酵的最优工艺参数为:醋酸菌接种量6%,装瓶量为20%,酒精含量8%,发酵温度30℃。上述工艺条件下制得的苦瓜醋呈淡绿色,口感微酸、微苦,组织细腻柔和,澄清透明,无沉淀和杂质,不黏稠,流动性较好。     

血橙果醋发酵工艺

以血橙为原料,采取两步液态发酵法,优化血橙果醋酿造工艺。通过单因素试验和正交试验得到最佳的血橙果醋发酵工艺参数。结果表明,酒精发酵阶段,加糖量30 g/L,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间6 d时产出乙醇的质量浓度为61.7 g/L,乙醇转化率最高为92.86%;醋酸发酵阶段,醋酸菌接种量9%,初始pH值5.0,装液量30%,发酵5 d时,产酸质量浓度达到49.8 g/L,醋酸转化率最高为78.92%,为血橙果醋的酿造提供一定的参考。     

番茄醋酿造工艺研究

以番茄为原料发酵酿造番茄醋,通过正交试验确定了酒精发酵的最佳工艺参数为:发酵温度26℃,pH值4.6,接种量0.04%;醋酸发酵的最佳工艺参数为:发酵温度30℃,装瓶量为40%,接种量10%。得到的成品果醋,醋味浓郁、口感、风味良好。     

蛋黄果果醋生产工艺的研究

以蛋黄果为原料,研究了蛋黄果果醋的生产工艺。酒精发酵L9(34)正交试验表明,最佳组合为:初始糖度14%,接种量8%,发酵温度30℃,发酵5d。醋酸发酵L9(34)正交试验证明,较好工艺为:初始酒精度7%,发酵温度30℃,醋酸菌接种量10%,发酵6d。酿制出的蛋黄果果醋颜色金黄、澄清透亮、醋味浓郁,同时具有蛋黄果的特殊清香味。     

哈密瓜果醋发酵工艺的研究

以新疆哈密地区所产的哈密瓜为原料研究了其果醋发酵工艺。结果表明：温度在30℃,糖浓度为10%,接种量为10%,发酵周期在120h时为酒精发酵最佳工艺条件;温度在30℃,pH值为4.5,接种量为10%时,发酵周期16d为醋酸发酵最佳工艺条件。     

固定化技术应用于火棘果醋发酵工艺的研究

以火棘果实为原料,采用正交试验方法对固定化醋酸菌酿造火棘果醋的醋酸发酵工艺进行了研究。结果表明,在接种量相同的前提下,采用固定化醋酸菌发酵具有较高的产酸速率,比游离醋酸菌发酵所需的时间明显缩短。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验,确定固定化醋酸菌酿造火棘果醋的最佳工艺条件为:发酵温度34℃,接种量10%,酒精度7%。所制得的火棘果醋醋香浓郁,酸甜适口,营养丰富,香气自然、协调,是一种市场开发潜力良好的保健果醋。     

黑木耳红枣果醋的醋酸发酵工艺优化

以黑木耳和红枣为主要原料酿造复合果醋,选取醋酸菌接种量、发酵温度、初始酒精度为影响因子,以果醋的总酸含量为响应值,在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计建立数学模型,优化果醋的醋酸发酵工艺条件。结果表明,黑木耳红枣果醋的醋酸发酵工艺的最佳参数为:醋酸菌接种量8%,发酵温度33℃,初始酒精度6.5%,在此优化条件下,果醋的总酸含量为6.14 g/100 m L,与模型预测值基本一致。     

沙枣果醋的工艺研究

介绍沙枣果醋的酿制方法。研究以新疆大沙枣为原料,经酒精发酵和醋酸发酵生产沙枣果醋的工艺流程。试验结果为,酒精发酵的温度为30℃,糖度为16%,酒用酵母接种量为1%;醋酸发酵的温度为32℃,酒精度为7%,醋酸菌接种量为8%,pH值调至4.0。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

紫玉米不同组配方式的花青素含量及产量比较

以18个玉米自交系组配成的16个紫玉米杂交组合为试验材料,研究不同组配方式配制的紫玉米籽粒、穗轴、苞叶、雄穗花青素含量及花青素产量。结果表明:(1)不同组配方式的紫玉米籽粒花青素含量、籽粒产量及籽粒花青素产量差异均较大。深紫玉米×深紫玉米,花青素含量最高;深紫非糯玉米×糯玉米,籽粒产量最高;深紫玉米×深紫玉米,籽粒花青素产量最高。(2)深紫玉米×深紫玉米,穗轴花青素含量、花青素产量最高;非紫苞叶×深紫苞叶,紫玉米苞叶花青素含量、花青素产量最高;非紫雄穗×深紫雄穗,紫玉米雄穗花青素含量、花青素产量最高。(3)穗轴花青素含量与籽粒花青素含量呈极显著正相关;雄穗花青素含量与苞叶花青素含量呈极显著正相关。(4)紫玉米花青素总产量(籽粒、穗轴、苞叶、雄穗)为:深紫×深紫>深紫×浅紫>非紫×深紫>浅紫×非紫;籽粒花青素产量对总花青素产量贡献最大。     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。