口蹄疫分子生物学的研究进展

1口蹄疫的流行及危害口蹄疫（FMD）是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）感染引起的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。主要感染对象为牛、羊、猪等偶蹄类家畜及野生偶蹄动物。根据动物交叉保护和血清学试验,口蹄疫病毒可分为O、A、C、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3和亚洲I共7种血清型,血清型问无交叉反应性。     

2株O型口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白基因VP1的核苷酸序列分析

口蹄疫(Food and mouth disease,FMD)是由小核糖核酸病毒科(Picornaviridae)口蹄疫病毒属(Aphthovirus)的口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的偶蹄动物传染病,人也易感,对畜牧业危害极大。病原的变异性高,存在7种血清型(O,A,C,ASI-A1,SAT1-3)和多种亚型,群内各型同源性达60%~70%,但两群之间     

用ELISA方法检测口蹄疫抗体消长规律和免疫效果

<正>口蹄疫(foot and mouth disease,FMD)是当今最为严重的家畜传染病之一。FMD的病原为口蹄疫病毒(FMDV),该病毒属小RNA病毒科口蹄疫病毒属,有A、O、C、SATⅠ、SATⅡ、SATⅢ及AsiaⅠ共7个血清型及65个以上的亚型,其中O型流行最广,国际上仍时有发生。口蹄疫一旦发生,不但会造成大批小猪死亡,还要采取扑杀封锁等措施,影响国内国际猪肉及其产品的贸易和人民群众的正常生活,给农牧业生产造成极大     

猪、牛口蹄疫的防治

口蹄疫（FMD）是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性人畜共患传染病，主要侵害偶蹄动物，其中以猪牛感染多见。该病毒有7个血清型：O、A、C、AsialⅠ、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3以及多个亚型，不同类型的口蹄疫病毒的抗原性不同，即便是同一血清型的病毒，其不同分离株的抗原性也存在差异，彼此之间也不会发生交叉免疫现象，但它们所引起的症状都基本相似。现将猪牛口蹄疫的发生、防治措施进行介绍。     

口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫效果的影响因素研究

口蹄疫(FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触传染性和可快速远距离传播的动物疫病.口蹄疫病原是口蹄疫病毒,属微核糖核酸病毒科口蹄疫病毒属,有A、O、C、SAT1、SAT2、SA T3以及A sia 1型7个血清型,每个血清型又包含若干个亚型.该病毒不仅在各型间没有交叉免疫性,同血清型的各亚型之间也仅有部分交叉免疫性.本文分析了口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫效果的影响因素.     

口蹄疫灭活疫苗的发展

一、概述口蹄疫(FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的牛、羊、猪等家畜发病的急性传染病,由于其传播快,不仅给畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失,而且严重影响国际贸易,世界动物卫生组织将其列为必须上报的疫病之一。FMD血清型众多,包括O、A、Asia1、SAT1、SAT2     

口蹄疫的诊断与防控技术概述

口蹄疫（FMD）是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）引起的一种危害严重的偶蹄动物传染病,对畜牧业的发展影响极大.从诊断技术,疫苗接种、消毒技术、隔离措施等多方面阐述口蹄疫防制特点。     

口蹄疫的防控措施

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的猪、牛、羊等偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,亦是人畜共患性疫病。临床以口腔黏膜、蹄部、及乳房皮肤发生水泡和烂斑为特征。1病原口蹄疫病毒(FMD)有7个血清型,即O、A、C、SATⅡ、SATⅢ(南非Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型)和Asia-1型(亚洲Ⅰ型)。口蹄疫病毒对酸、碱特别敏感,低温下口蹄疫病毒十分稳定,在高温的环境中口蹄疫病毒85℃、1分钟即可被杀死。在自然条件下阳光中的紫外线     

口蹄疫诊断技术的研究进展

口蹄疫(FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,该病传播速度快,宿主范围广,发病率高,主要侵害猪、牛、羊等70多种家畜和野生动物,人对其也敏感,给养殖业造成巨大的经济损失,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为A类传染病之首。口蹄疫病毒基因组为单股正链RNA,约有8 500个核苷酸,病毒衣壳由4种结构蛋白(VP1、VP2、VP3和VP4)组成,其中VP1和VP3是主要免疫性抗原。口蹄疫病毒具有7个血清型,即O、A、C、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3和AsiaⅠ,每个血清型又     

内蒙古部分种猪场三种传染病的血清学调查

前言:口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。它被联合国粮农组织(FAO)和国际兽疫局(OIE)列为A类传染病之首。FMDV属小RNA病毒科口蹄疫病毒属。研究表明,FMDV 包含7个血清学型,各型之间几乎没有交叉免疫保护力,这给FMD的诊断和防制带来了极大的困难。     

Anaesthesia and analgesia of the donkey and the mule

The number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse.     

Ultrasonographic examination of the caecum and the proximal and spiral ansa of the colon of cattle

The large intestine of 10 cows was examined from the right abdominal wall with a 3.5 MHz linear transducer. The cows were then slaughtered, and the organs were re-examined in a water bath. The caecum was visualised from the middle region of the abdominal wall. It ran caudo-cranially, varied in diameter from 5.2 to 18.0 cm and was situated immediately adjacent to the abdominal wall. The lateral wall of the caecum appeared as a thick, echogenic, crescent-shaped line. It could be visualised as far cranially as the 12th intercostal space. Although its junction could not be identified, the proximal ansa of the colon was recognised on the basis of its anatomical position and its diameter, which was smaller than that of the caecum. The spiral ansa of the colon and the descending colon were situated dorsal to the caecum and could be identified by moving the transducer horizontally along the abdominal wall to the last rib. The spiral ansa of the colon was situated ventral to the descending colon, and its walls appeared as thick echogenic lines. In a contracted state, the spiral colon had the appearance of a garland.     

Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig

Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The behavior and the husbandry conditions of small laboratory animals--possibilities and limits of the evaluation of the appropriateness and fairness of the treatment of animals

Ethological studies are important means to evaluate the behaviour of small laboratory animals (mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit) and their housing conditions. At any rate, the only sparse range of body expressions, the smallness and preference of night activity of these animals and the erratic occurrence of essential behaviour patterns make the investigations more difficult. On the other hand, the standardization of laboratory housing and the genetic definition of these animals turn out to be favourable. By this way, behaviour-environment-relationships are suitable for evaluation. Taking into consideration methodical and biological restrictions, the specific activities such as fight, relaxed resting behaviour and play as well as unbalanced behaviour patterns and stereotypes can be taken as means of evaluation. Particularly in mice and rabbits, upright position and space consuming activities will be possibly restricted by cage sizes.     

Relation between the concentration of sodium and potassium in the erythrocytes of dairy cows and the concentration of these elements in the plasma and urine and the level of blood glucose

Blood and urine samples of 180 dairy cows from 12 herds were examined. Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in erythrocytes, whole blood, plasma, urine, and glucose concentration in blood: the interrelations were compared. Sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes were 85.15 +/- 11.45 mmol/l, and 25.93 +/- 7.81 mmol/l, respectively. A statistically significant relation was found between sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes (r = 0.3467+++) and the content of electrolyte in blood cells and in whole blood (Na: r = 0.5336+++; K: r = 0.3561+++). No statistically significant relation of intraerythrocyte concentration of both electrolytes was confirmed with respect to the other characteristics (sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma and urine, and glucose concentration in blood). In the conditions of routine laboratory diagnostics in clinically healthy cows, determinations of intraerythrocyte sodium and potassium do not broaden possibilities of evaluating the metabolic state of these electrolytes and cannot be used as the characteristics of energy insufficiency. The cannot replace the analyses performed in serum and urine.     

貉,蓝狐,银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞形态分布的研究

本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。     

Liquid flow and capacity of the caecum and colon of the horse

The rate of flow of fluid from the caecum and from the large colon was measured in four Shetland-type ponies fed a hay diet. In two ponies with cannulas in the caecum and at the origin of the right ventral colon, a continuous intracaecal infusion of a solution of chromium EDTA was used and samples were obtained from the cannula at the origin of the right ventral colon. Based on four determinations, the liquid flow from the caecum was 54.2 +/- 1.89 litres d-1. In the other two ponies with cannulas in the origin of the right ventral colon and near the end of the right dorsal colon, a continuous infusion of chromium EDTA was made into the right ventral colon and samples were obtained from the right dorsal colon. The flow rate towards the end of the dorsal colon was 49.4 +/- 1.25 litres d-1, based on four determinations. The capacities of the caecum and large colon after death were 7.0 +/- 0.8 and 17.7 +/- 3.7 litres, respectively.     

加强兽药研究开发提升行业科技创新水平

提升行业科技创新水平为主题,回顾和分析了我国新兽药研究开发的历程和研究现状及面临的形势,并围绕创新与发展的要求,提出了加强兽药研究开发的对策及建议。