口蹄疫诊断技术最新研究进展

口蹄疫( Foot- and- Mouth Discasc,FMD)是由小 RNA病毒科口蹄疫病毒属的口蹄疫病毒( FMDV)引起的一种偶蹄类动物共患的急性、热性、接触性传染病,发病的主要症状是:口腔粘膜、舌面、唇、鼻镜、蹄叉、乳头等部位发生水疱,破溃形成烂斑,病畜蹄痛卧地,重者蹄壳边缘溃裂或脱壳.口蹄疫的大规模流行,会给农牧业生产造成极大的危害.并波及到市场上肉、奶的供应以及皮、毛、肉、奶为原料的轻工业和食品加工业.因此,该病被国际兽疫局( OIE)列为 A类家畜传染病之首.现将 FMD的诊断技术综述如下.     

口蹄疫病毒的实验诊断技术研究进展

口蹄疫(foot and mouth disease,FMD)是偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。目前,口蹄疫是全球最重要的动物健康问题之一,世界大部分地区时有发生,常在牛群及猪群大范围流行。此病的致死率很低,但是感染率很高。发病的主要症状为:口腔粘膜、舌面、唇、鼻镜、蹄叉、乳头等部位发生水疱,破溃形成烂斑,病畜蹄痛卧地、严重者蹄壳边     

口蹄疫诊断技术研究进展

口蹄疫是偶蹄动物的一种重要的烈性传染病，可使世界范围内的畜牧业遭受严重的经济损失，作者综述了目前的口蹄疫诊断技术研究进展，其中包括了传统的病毒分离技术，实验室的血清学检测技术以及分子生物学诊断技术等，着重对目前在全世界应用广泛的ELISA技术进行了重点介绍，并对口蹄疫诊断技术进行了展望。     

猪口蹄疫诊断技术的研究进展

猪口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）引起的偶蹄动物共患的急性、热性、接触性传染病,以患病动物的口、蹄部出现水疱性病症为特征而得名,对易感的偶蹄动物具有严重的潜在经济危害。主要侵害偶蹄兽,偶见于人和其他动物感染本病的报道,临诊上以发热,在黏膜或皮肤上,特别是在口腔黏膜、蹄又及乳房皮肤发生水疱和溃烂为特征。由于FMD与猪水疱...     

口蹄疫检测技术的研究进展与应用

从生物学试验、血清学诊断技术和分子生物学检测技术等方面概述了目前口蹄疫检测技术的研究进展及其应用。其中生物学试验包括动物试验和细胞培养;血清学诊断技术包括补体结合试验、中和试验、凝集试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫胶体金快速检测技术等;分子生物学检测技术包括反转录聚合酶链式反应、核酸探针、核酸序列分析和等电聚焦等。     

口蹄疫诊断技术的研究进展

口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease,FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)引起的偶蹄动物的一种烈性传染病。FMDV是小     

牛羊口蹄疫的诊断与防治

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的高度接触性传染病,在全世界广泛流行,其主要侵害偶蹄动物。口蹄疫病毒的传染性非常强,一旦有动物发病,若控制不好,会迅速传染和爆发,从而给发病地区和周围的畜牧业发展带来严重损失。因此,科学防控该病至关重要。本文主要介绍了牛羊口蹄疫的病原特点、流行性状以及临床表现等,同时提出了防治措施,以期为诊断与防治该病提供参考。     

口蹄疫

口蹄疫(FMD)是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的偶蹄动物共患的一种急性、热性、高度接触性、烈性传染病。也可感染人，因而被国际兽疫组织列为A类传染病的首位。其临诊特征以口腔粘膜、舌面、鼻镜、蹄部、乳房皮肤发生水泡和溃烂，流出泡沫口涎及跛行，并可致母畜流产、仔畜死亡和生产力下降，造成很大损失。1 病原FMDV在分类上属于小RNA病毒科口疮病毒属。病毒中心为一条单股正链RNA，约由8000个碱基组成，具有感染性和遗传性，周围的蛋白质则决定病毒的抗原性、免疫性和血清学反应能力。外壳为对称的20面体。完整的病毒直径20～25nm。FMD…     

口蹄疫的诊断与防治

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒感染偶蹄动物引起的一种急性、热性和接触性传染病,主要感染牛、羊、猪、骆驼、鹿等家畜和其它野生偶蹄动物。此病是危害最严重的动物疫病之一,国际兽疫局（OIE）将此病列为A类动物疫病之首．     

反刍动物口蹄疫ELISA诊断试剂盒质量检测

利用参考血清,按试剂盒标明的使用方法,对上海优耐特生物医药有限公司提供的3批反刍动物口蹄疫病毒VP1结构蛋白抗体和3批反刍动物口蹄疫病毒NS非结构蛋白抗体ELISA诊断试剂盒的敏感性和特异性分别进行检测.结果表明,2种试剂盒的敏感性和特异性均符合相关标准的规定.     

Diagnosis of foot and mouth disease

Because foot-and-mouth disease has the potential for an explosive spread, instant and reliable diagnosis is of special importance. In this article the clinical examination, types and shipment of samples as well as the current methods of laboratory diagnosis by detection of FMD-virus, antigen, nucleic acid and antibodies are reviewed. Special emphasis is laid on the differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals, in respect to conventional as well as novel vaccines.     

History of the control of foot and mouth disease

From the many existing documents on the history of foot and mouth disease, it is possible to describe the practical measures adopted for disease surveillance and control from ancient times until the 20th century.

Surveillance was based on diagnosis or post-mortem examination, and also on knowledge of the conditions under which infection occurred: aetiology, pathogenesis, mode of infection, susceptible species, virulent material, etc. The historical facts are assembled and compared, with comments on each of these points.

Control was based upon the application of isolation, then slaughter or aphtisation, then vaccination. A study of these various procedures makes it possible to compare their efficacy.

Résumé

D'après les nombreux documents existant sur l'histoire de la fièvre aphteuse il est possible de décrire les mesures adoptées pour suivre l'évolution de la maladie et la maîtriser, depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XXème siècle.

La surveillance de la maladie était fondée sur le diagnostic clinique ou l'examen des lésions, mais aussi sur la connaissance des condition de l'infection: étiologie, pathogénie, mode de transmission du contage, matières virulentes, etc. Les faits historiques concernant ces différents points sont rassemblés, comparés et commentés.

La maîtrise de la fièvre aphteuse a été assurée soit par des mesures d'isolement, puis d'abattage sanitaire, soit par des opérations d'aphtisation puis de vaccination. L'étude de ces différentes stratégies permet de comparer leur efficacité respective.     

Implementation in Australia of molecular diagnostic techniques for the rapid detection of foot and mouth disease virus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and implement rapid molecular diagnostic techniques for the detection of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) suitable for use in Australia. DESIGN: Two PCR TaqMan assays targeted to the FMDV internal ribosome entry site or the 3D polymerase coding region for the rapid detection of FMDV were evaluated using non-infectious materials to determine the test most appropriate for implementation as part of Australia's national preparedness for the rapid detection and diagnosis of FMD outbreaks. RESULTS: Two published tests (PCR TaqMan assays targeted to the FMDV IRES region or the FMDV 3D polymerase coding region) were evaluated for their ability to detect FMDV genetic material in non-infectious FMDV ELISA antigen stocks held at Australian Animal Health Laboratory. Both tests were able to detect FMDV genetic material from strains O1 Manisa, O-3039, A22, A24, A Malaysia, C, Asia 1 and SAT 1, 2 and 3. With the exception of Asia 1, the TaqMan assay targeted to the FMD 3D polymerase coding region had Ct values equal to or lower than for the TaqMan assay targeted to the IRES region suggesting that this test may provide broader serotype detection and sensitivity. However, the TaqMan assay directed to the FMDV IRES is the only one to date to have undergone substantial evaluation using clinical samples collected during an outbreak. The greatest differences observed were for O-3039, SAT 1, and 3. CONCLUSION: Given the ease of setting up both tests, AAHL currently runs both tests on highly suspect FMD investigations to provide independent confirmation of the absence of FMDV because the tests are focused on two independent regions of the FMDV genome. These tests add substantially to Australia's preparedness for FMD diagnosis complementing the already well-established virus isolation and antigen capture ELISA tests for index case diagnosis of FMD in Australia.     

抗原浓缩纯化工艺对口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫效果评价

为增强牛口蹄疫O型、Asia-Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗免疫效果,本试验应用超滤技术浓缩口蹄疫(FMD)抗原来制备浓缩疫苗,通过免疫血清学检测及本动物攻毒保护试验来评价所制疫苗效果.结果显示,浓缩抗原疫苗安全检验合格,全剂量(2 mL)、1/3剂量(0.67 mL)、1/9剂量(0.22 mL)组牛血清抗体水平均较常规疫苗有显著提升(P＜0.05),阳转率高于常规灭活疫苗;本动物攻毒保护试验效果明显,Asia-Ⅰ型、O型抗原PD50值分别达到了每剂12.51和10.32.结果表明,应用超滤技术浓缩FMD抗原可提高FMDV二价灭活疫苗的免疫效果.     

Some observations on the diagnosis of foot and mouth disease

Extract

Although in most instances the clinical diagnosis of Foot and Mouth disease presents no great difficulty, one's mental state is generally somewhat tense when on the way to deal with a suspected case. So much depends on the decision—a nation awaits the verdict! Hence the spurious glamour of foot and mouth disease, which would ordinarily be considered one of the most easily recognized of infectious diseases.     

Characteristics of foot and mouth disease virus in Taiwan

Since March 1997 two strains of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus have found their way into Taiwan, causing severe outbreaks in pigs and in Chinese yellow cattle. Outbreaks occurred in March 1997 were caused by a pig-adapted virus strain (O/Taiwan/97) which did not infect other species of cloven-hoofed animals by natural route. The epidemic spread over the whole region of Taiwan within two months and the aftermath was 6,147 pig farms infected and 3,850,746 pigs destroyed. In June 1999, the second strain of FMD virus (O/Taiwan/99) was isolated from the Chinese yellow cattle in the Kinmen Prefecture and in the western part of Taiwan. By the end of 1999, Chinese yellow cattle were the only species infected and those infected cattle did not develop pathological lesions. Seroconversions of serum neutralization antibody and on non-structural protein (NSP) antibodies were the best indicators for infection in non-vaccinated herds. The infected animals, however, excreted infectious levels of virus to infect new hosts. Based on the detection of the specific antibody to FMD virus, and virus isolation from oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) fluid samples, ten herds of Chinese yellow cattle located in Kinmen and Taiwan were declared to have been infected. During the period of January to March 2000, however, five outbreaks caused by FMD virus similar to the O/Taiwan/99 virus occurred in four prefectures of Taiwan. The infected species included goats, Chinese yellow cattle and dairy cattle. Those outbreaks have caused high mortality in goat kids under two weeks old and also developed typical clinical signs of infection in dairy cattle.