毛白杨苗期VA菌根菌与外生菌根菌接种的研究

1998～1999年在田间条件下布置了毛白杨VA菌根(包括根内球囊霉菌和单孢球囊霉菌)与外生菌根硬皮马勃混合接种试验.结果表明接种菌根菌对毛白杨苗高生长量有促进作用,且以根内球囊霉菌作用最明显,单孢球囊霉菌处理次之,硬皮马勃处理最差.水涝大大降低人工接种菌根菌的效果,严重影响VA菌根和外生菌根菌单独接种及混合接种的效应,根内球囊霉菌甚至会抑制毛白杨苗木的高生长,VA菌根和外生菌根间的负交互作用也不对苗高生长产生影响.菌根真菌的感染率随时间变化出现较大的波动和变化.     

3种丛枝菌根真菌对沙冬青的接种效应

为了研究丛枝菌根真菌对沙冬青幼苗的接种效应,对盆栽沙冬青幼苗分别接种摩西球囊霉、幼套球囊霉、根内球囊霉3种丛枝菌根真菌,测定样苗成活率、侵染率、生长量及养分含量等指标。结果表明：3种丛枝菌根真菌均不影响样苗移栽成活率,均能与沙冬青幼苗形成菌根,侵染率40～50%;摩西球囊霉接种对样苗高、径、干物质生长和N、P、K吸收积累均有促进作用;幼套球囊霉接种样苗含水率最小,根冠比最大。总之,摩西球囊霉可以有效促进沙冬青幼苗生长,具有开发促进生长菌肥的潜力;幼套球囊霉可以提高幼苗耐旱性能,具有开发增强苗木抗逆性能的菌肥的前景。     

矿区排土场土壤中丛枝菌根真菌对刺槐接种效应

土壤中丛枝菌根真菌促进植物对矿质营养和水分的吸收,可以增强宿主植物在逆境条件下的生存能力。利用丛枝菌根真菌与宿主植物共生关系,在以矿区排土场土壤为基质的盆栽试验条件下,向刺槐幼苗接种供试丛枝菌根真菌(摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、象牙白多孢囊霉Diversispora eburnea、隐类球囊霉Paraglomus occultum及3种真菌的混合菌剂),验证丛枝菌根真菌对刺槐生长的影响。结果表明,接种供试丛枝菌根真菌能显著提高刺槐幼苗生物量和叶绿素含量,其中以接种摩西球囊霉组植株菌根侵染率、株高、地径、生物量和SPAD值最高,说明供试菌剂中摩西球囊霉与刺槐幼苗根系的亲和力最高,接种效应最显著。研究结果为菌根技术在矿区土地复垦中的应用提供参考。     

接种菌根菌对黑松容器育苗的影响

在黑松容器育苗过程中，接种菌根菌试验结果表明：菌根苗比普通苗在苗高和地径上均提高11％以上，菌根化效果好的达66％。接种菌根菌的黑松苗木根系较普通苗木明显发达，侧根总长提高15％以上。     

丛枝菌根对大青杨苗木生长的影响

利用5种丛枝菌根真菌,在不同肥态、肥力水平下对大青杨实生苗进行接种。结果表明:5种真菌都与大青杨形成了菌根,在不施肥情况下Glomusintraradices、G mosseae、G versiforme3个菌种的苗木在苗高、地径、总干生物量上都与对照表现出差异极显著,与菌根侵染率呈正相关。丛枝菌根能增加苗木对难溶性P肥的吸收和利用,特别是G sinuosa与施过磷酸钙(Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O)在有效成分(P2O5)含量0 06g·kg-1土水平下的组合对苗木有良好的促生效果,生物量积累是对照处理的3 58倍;使用G mosseae或G intraradices与施可溶性P肥磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4),在有效成分(P2O5)含量0 03g·kg-1土水平下的组合时对苗木的促生效果达到最佳,但随着可溶性P浓度增加,丛枝菌根对苗木生物量的积累却有抑制作用;丛枝菌根同样促进苗木对硝态N和铵态N的吸收、利用,G ver -)含量0 08g·kg-1土水平下和G mosseae、siforme、G intraradices与施硝酸钾(KNO3)在有效成分(NO3 )含量0 08g·kg-1土水平下,对苗木都有良G intraradices与施硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4)在有效成分(NH4好的促生效果,总干生物量是对照处理的2 91、2 56和2 70、2 40倍;试验结果同时也表明,根际营养状况是决定菌根侵染率的重要因素之一。     

直干桉接种菌根菌育苗试验

１９９３年和１９９４年，在红河州石寨林场进行直干桉接种菌根菌育苗试验，采用天然菌根土和人工菌根剂接种，分不同菌根菌、不同接种部位和剂量进行试验。结果表明，接种菌根菌对直干桉苗木生长具有显著的促进作用，菌根土接种的效果较人工菌剂好。     

黎蒴菌根化育苗技术研究

黎蒴栽培生根难已成为限制黎蒴推广应用的重要因素之一。选用3种菌根菌进行黎蒴幼苗根系接种试验,结果发现试验所用菌根菌均有较高的感染效率,其感染能显著增加黎蒴根系须根数量和地下生物量。其中彩色豆马勃GZ01菌株的感染率高达100%,诱导黎蒴根系须根数量增加350%,地下生物量增加125%,是黎蒴菌根化育苗的最适宜菌株;另外,育苗基质中增加泥炭土比率以及多施肥多浇水能显著提高菌株的感染率,可分别提高23和20个百分点,黎蒴根系须根数量增加33%和66.7%,提高黎蒴菌根化育苗效果。     

缓释肥×菌根菌对赤皮青冈容器苗生长性状和养分状况的影响

[目的 ]基于不同缓释肥添加梯度和接种菌根菌互作试验,分析缓释肥添加和接种菌根菌对赤皮青冈1年生容器苗生长性状和养分状况的作用规律,以提高赤皮青冈容器苗的菌根化育苗水平。[方法 ]采用裂区试验设计,主区为菌根菌处理,分为接种(育苗容器中间部位注射浓度为36.28 mg·mL^-1的彩色豆马勃10mL)与不接种2个处理;副区为基质缓释肥添加处理,设置5个缓释肥添加梯度(1.50、2.25、3.00、3.75和4.50 kg·m^-3)。[结果 ]接种菌根菌对不同缓释肥梯度下1年生赤皮青冈容器苗生长均有促进作用,缓释肥添加和接种菌根菌对容器苗总生物量和P利用指数有显著的互作效应。接种菌根菌后,赤皮青冈容器苗苗高、地径、高径比、总生物量、总根长和根系直径等生长性状相比不接种分别增加18.70%、7.16%、10.75%、24.55%、1.02%和18.47%,N含量、N吸收量和N利用指数、P吸收量和P利用指数分别增加2.04%、27.10%、27.67%、19.72%和30.52%,P含量降低2.94%,除总根长和N、P含量外各生长性状和养分状况指标接...     

直干桉接种菌根菌育苗试验

１９９３年和１９９４年，在红河州石岩寨林场进行直干桉接种菌根菌育苗试验，采用天然菌根土和人工菌根剂接种，分不同菌根菌、不同接种部位和剂量进行试验。结果表明，接种菌根菌对直干桉苗木生长具有显著的促进作用，菌根土接种的效果较人工菌剂好。     

喜树育苗和接种菌根菌试验

用苏格兰球囊菌 [Glomuscaledonium (Nicol&Gerd .)Trappe&Gerd .]和地表球囊 [Glomusversiforme (Karsten)Berch]菌种接种喜树幼苗。试验结果表明 :喜树幼苗根均可与两种菌种菌形成菌根 ,接种前者的苗木菌根感染率为 5 3% ,接种后者的苗木菌根感染率为 4 0 % ,非接种苗木 (对照 )的感染率 6 .7%。接种菌根菌后的苗木总生物量、根茎比及根系长度和地径有所提高 ,反映了 2个菌种均促进了喜树幼苗的生长 ,但对幼苗高生长的促进作用不大。     

大岗山针叶与阔叶林林分结构比较分析

为研究不同林分径级、树高结构差异,在江西大岗山地区设置样地,选取杉木纯林、马褂木纯林各4块,对样地进行每木检尺,运用SPSS对胸径和树高数据进行处理,对胸径、树高的相关关系进行线性拟合,结果表明:大岗山地区杉木纯林与马褂木纯林胸径、树高分布整体上符合正态分布,假设检验的P值均大于0.05,但曲线陡峭程度杉木纯林(-1.487)大于马褂木纯林(-1.670),曲线偏移程度杉木纯林(0.191)大于马褂木纯林(0.010),树高分布曲线陡峭程度马褂木纯林(2.407)大于杉木纯林(-1.706),曲线偏移程度马褂木纯林(1.134)大于杉木纯林(0.459)。     

Effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizae <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glomus fasciculatum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">G. macrocarpum</Emphasis> on the growth and nutrient content of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cassia siamea</Emphasis> in a semi-arid Indian wasteland soil

The effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus fasciculatum and G. macrocarpum on shoot and root dry weights and nutrient content of Cassia siamea in a semi-arid wasteland soil was evaluated. Under nursery conditions, mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth of seedlings. Root and shoot dry weights were higher in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal plants. The concentration of P, K, Cu, Zn and Na was significantly higher in AM inoculated seedlings than in non-inoculated seedlings. Mycorrhization led to decrease in alkalinity of the rhizosphere soil from pH 8.5 to 7.4. Under nursery conditions, the degree of mycorrhizal dependency increased with age of C. siamea seedling. On transplantation to the field, the survival rate of mycorrhizal seedlings (75%–90%) was higher than that of non-mycorrhizal seedlings (40%). Besides better survival rate, AM inoculation improved the growth performance of seedlings in terms of height and stem diameter. Among the two AM fungi used, the efficiency of Glomus macrocarpum was higher than that of G. fasciculatum under both nursery and field conditions.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrected page numbers.     

Response of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolates in sterilized and unsterilized soils in Senegal

The benefits of inoculation with six arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) isolates (Glomus aggregatum, G. fasciculatum, G. intraradices, G. manihotis, G. mosseae, and G. verriculosum) were investigated on seedlings of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd., a multipurpose tree legume highly valued for arabic gum production. Mycorrhizal root colonization, plant growth and relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) were measured in A. senegal seedlings growing in soils from three geographical sites in Senegal (Dahra, Bambey and Goudiry) and two soil conditions (sterilized vs unsterilized) in the glasshouse. The impact of inoculation on mycorrhizal root colonization and plant growth depended on AMF isolates, soil origins and soil conditions. Mycorrhizal root colonization and plant growth were increased in sterilized soils regardless of soil origin and AMF isolates. The degree of RMD of A. senegal seedlings varied with soil origin, soil condition and AMF isolates. A. senegal showed the highest RMD values, reaching a maximum of 45 %, when inoculated with G. manihotis. However, in unsterilized soils, no significant effect of AMF inoculation on plant growth was observed despite significant root colonization with certain AMF isolates in Dahra and Goudiry soils. This indicates that the most infective AMF isolates were not the most effective and unsterilized soils may contain effective mycorrhizal propagules. In conclusion, it is important to consider the native mycorrhizal component of the soils before harnessing mycorrhizal inoculation programs for sustainable agroforestry systems.     

闽北山地7种阔叶树种造林对比试验

通过对福建省邵武市的马褂木等 7种阔叶树对比试验林的调查 ,分析 7种不同阔叶树林分的生长效果 ,结果表明 :在Ⅱ立地级上生长速率最大的是鹅掌楸 ,其次是桤木和闽粤栲 ;在Ⅲ立地级上生长最快的是鹅掌楸和火力楠 ,而桤木生长较差 ;鹅掌楸具有较强的适应性 ,是一种理想的短周期工业原料林树种     

Dual inoculation of a woody legume (Centrolobium tomentosum) with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi in south-eastern Brazil

The integration of N₂ fixing trees into stable agroforestry systems in the tropics is being tested due to their ability to produce high biomass N and P yields, when symbiotically associated with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi. The growth of Centrolobium tomentosum Guill. ex Benth, a native leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, was assessed with dual inoculation of Rhizobium spp and mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions. Complete fertilization was compared to treatments of inoculation with selected rhizobia strains BHICB-Ab1 or BHICB-Ab3, associated or not to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The dual inoculation increased the height and growth in relation to the plants treated with rhizobia alone. Plants inoculated with strain BHICB-Ab1 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exhibited an increase of 56% dry matter over uninoculated control and nitrogen accumulation was greater than with BHICB-Ab3 inoculated plants. Strain BHICB-Ab1 presented a synergetic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi since the combined inoculation with BHICB-Ab1 enhanced plant height and dry weight more than single inoculation while the growth of BHICB-Ab3 plants was not modified by AMF inoculation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced plants survival and seemed to favour the nodule occupation by rhizobia strains as compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants. Inoculation with selected rhizobia and AMF improved the growth of C. tomentosum under field conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

鹅掌楸属种及杂种的SSR分子鉴定

以不同种源的鹅掌楸、北美鹅掌楸和不同组合的杂交鹅掌楸为试验材料,对176对SSR引物进行初筛、复筛,最后筛选出1对物种特异性SSR引物。该引物在鹅掌楸群体中特异性扩增出190bp的产物,在北美鹅掌楸群体中特异性扩增出180bp的产物,在杂交鹅掌楸群体中特异性扩增出180bp和190bp2种产物。该引物对鹅掌楸种间鉴别准确率达100%。     

接种丛枝菌根菌对黄檗苗木主要3种生物碱含量的影响

在盆栽条件下,研究了接种丛枝菌根菌对黄檗实生苗主要药用成分含量的影响。结果表明,接种丛枝菌根菌显著增加了黄檗重要的药用成分小檗碱、药根碱及掌叶防己碱的含量,其中尤以接种摩西球囊霉和透光球囊霉的处理效果显著。     

杂交马褂木嫁接繁殖技术初探

F1代杂交马褂木生长迅速，通过嫁接繁殖的2a生杂交马褂木，与马褂木相比，高生长量增加22％，胸径生长量增加43％。F1代杂种优势明显。嫁接方法用劈接、切接均可，适用于培育园林绿化用大苗。     

柚木菌根及其对苗期生长影响的研究

在广东、广西、云南 7个点进行采样调查的结果表明 ,在自然条件下 ,7个柚木根系样品全部感染AM菌 ,感染率达 4 0 %　 70 % ,感染指数达 11 6 7　 19 17;4个AM菌对 12个不同地理种源柚木苗人工接种的结果表明 ,全部处理均形成感染 ,感染率达 70 %　 10 0 % ;利用 3个AM菌对 4个柚木无性系进行人工接种 ,感染率达 86 %　 10 0 % ,感染指数达 2 8 33　 5 2 5 0 ;接种株苗高比对照增加 5 4 0 %　4 0 8% ,地径增加 5 %　 4 30 % ,生物量增加 116 4 %　 2 5 74 8% ;统计结果表明 ,无论无性系、菌种或无性系×菌种在苗木高、地径及生物量上与对照的差异均为极显著 ;综合比较 ,3个菌种对柚木生长均有接种效果 ,以G90 0 4效果最好 ,G6 0 0 8菌株次之 ,再次是G30 0 6菌株