家具机械加工事故中“机”的不安全状态分析

家具制造业是事故多发行业,其事故发生率远远超过其他行业的平均水平,家具生产事故发生的主要原因是人的不安全行为和“机”的不安全状态。家具机械有其独特性,研究事故发生原因中“机”的不安全状态,可减少家具生产事故的发生,减少企业的经济损失,提升企业形象,具有较高的经济价值和社会价值。     

家具生产企业不安全行为研究

人的不安全行为是导致事故发生的直接原因之一.本文通过对不安全行为的观察,把家具企业操作人员的不安全行为分为静态和动态两类,分别描述这两类不安全行为在家具生产车间的主要表现.分析其产生的原因,并利用抽样调查法定量测定了静态和动态不安全行为的发生频率,以此评价安全现状.提出了相应的改进措施,意在减少操作人员的不安全行为,防止家具生产企业生产事故的发生.     

木制家具中氮丙啶检测方法影响因素研究北大核心

提出了一种针对木制家具中氮丙啶残留测定的高效液相色谱方法。采用L_9（3~4）正交试验对氮丙啶标准液1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠衍生化条件进行选择,并对提取条件进行优化。结果表明：使用磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液对家具中氮丙啶进行提取,衍生化反应后使用高效液相色谱法进行检测的检出限为4mg/kg,重现性为3.55%,加标回收在78.26%~85.94%之间。该法能满足木制家具中氮丙啶残留的日常检测要求。     

木制家具出口呼唤“中国品牌”

近两年，我国木制家具出口可以说是超常规发展。2004年我国出口木制家具为129亿件，到了2005年，达到了1．49亿件，增幅高达16％；至2006年，尽管国际上欧美一些发达国家对我国家具出口“反倾销”和知识产权侵权诉讼接连不断，国内下半年又有国家出口退税率下调等显然不利于家具出口的政策出台，但所有这些内外在因素的合力，似乎都未能构成对我国家具出口大潮本质上的阻扼。     

我国木制家具外贸中的跨境结算风险研究

依托一带一路政策的逐步推进,国际贸易中对外出口的家具种类与贸易量显著增加,跨境结算频多。基于此,立足全面深化改革基本实际,从跨境结算的角度对家具外贸进行全面分析,详细介绍我国木制家具跨境结算的基本情况,论述跨境结算风险类别,进而针对性地提出相关解决策略,这对于深化我国木制家具外贸事业的发展,提升我国木制家具产业的外贸竞争力具有重要意义。     

不确定因素分析在林业工程项目可行性研究中的应用

林业工程项目可行性研究中,某些评价数据、指标有一定程度的不确定性,因此,必须通过对不确定因素如木材销售价格、产量、建设期投资、成本等因素对经济评价指标的影响规律及其敏感程度的分析,以预测项目可能承担的风险,实现项目决策科学化。     

影响机械加工表面质量的因素及改进措施

本文对机械加工表面质量进行了分析,指出了影响机械加工表面质量的因素,并提出了提高机械加工表面质量的措施,对工程实践有一定的指导作用。     

浅谈人的不安全行为与事故的关系

为减少事故发生率,指出了影响人的不安全行为的因素是人的思维。介绍了六种最易导致事故的人的不安全行为,并简要提出了五种消除人的不安全行为的办法。     

The global competitiveness of the Chinese wooden furniture industry

During the past two decades, the Chinese wooden furniture industry has witnessed high-speed growth, making China a leading furniture exporter. Given the intensification of global competition, it is crucial to assess the present status and competitiveness of the Chinese wooden furniture industry, as well as the changes and challenges China will face in competing with other principal trading nations. Based on Balassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Indices, it can be concluded that China has experienced a transition from comparative disadvantage into a high comparative advantage over the period, and has maintained a strong position in this labor-intensive industry. However, it still falls behind traditionally strong competitors such as Italy and Germany in terms of quality and unit price. It is also experiencing a growing challenge from lower-income countries such as Poland and Vietnam. Moreover, China now faces up more unfavorable macroeconomic circumstances such as rising cost, shrinking international demand, technology gap and escalating trade barriers. Thus, the government, industrial association and enterprises need to quickly take innovative steps coordinately to promote Chinese enterprises transitioning from the original equipment manufacturers (OEM) to the original design manufacturers (ODM), further to the original brand manufacturers (OBM).     

Development of test methods for wooden furniture joints

Abstract

Joints are generally the weakest part of furniture and they are primary cause of failure. To ensure durability and performance of furniture, it is important for a designer to understand the stresses acting on the joints for preparing suitable design and specification of a furniture. Since each type of joint is unique in construction, it is important to know their strength, when subjected to various stresses namely shear, bending, and tensile, by testing the joints. Since there is no established test method for joints, this study was carried out to categorize joints based on their shape, identify the stresses acting over them and develop test methods for testing furniture joints in three modes namely shear, bending, and tension, which are required for designing joints of any furniture and also provide means of comparing strength of different types of joints. Different types of furniture joints were taken for the study and were classified based on their shapes such as L-shaped, T-shaped, straight, and corner joints. Six types of jigs (one type for bending, two types for shear, and three types for tension) were designed and developed for testing the joints, in such a way that any type of joint can be tested in three modes, i.e., bending, shear, and tension using a universal testing machine. The criteria for section of jigs for performing tests on joints, based on their shape and stresses acting on a particular joint, were reported. Tests were carried out using all the six type of jigs to check the suitability of jigs and test methods developed in the study.     

可视化木家具生产车间全程监控系统的构建

在分析我国木家具制造车间的监控和管理现状的基础上,提出了基于可视化木家具生产车间监控系统的基本架构——多点信息采集系统、数据处理和调度系统、企业监控管理中心系统和现场信息反馈系统及相关的辅助设施,探讨了基本架构的功能特点,并从基本流程、信息采集、信息处理与调度、信息反馈等方面详细介绍了基于可视化木家具生产车间全程监控系统的监控过程与方法.在此基础上,总结了可视化监控系统在家具生产过程中的应用特点.该系统可为木家具生产机加工车间提供一个具有快速反应、有弹性、精细化特点的制造环境.     

The dynamics of innovation in Malaysia's wooden furniture industry: Innovation actors and linkages

As a low-tech, labour intensive and supplier-dominated industry, the wooden furniture industry's pattern of innovation is widely acknowledged as business driven. This paper's main objective is to ascertain the roles played by the various innovation actors and their linkages to the process of technological innovations in the wooden furniture industry. Empirical evidence is derived from a narrative case study of the Muar furniture cluster in Malaysia. The main findings from this study indicate that the dynamics of innovation in Malaysia's wooden furniture industry are mainly business-led and are characterised as collective innovation. In this regard, the roles played by the immediate business environment such as suppliers, customers, competitors, and retailers are of paramount importance. These innovation actors have been linked closely to firms in their surge for technological advancement. Universities and government organisations do not feature in the operations of these firms.     

Analysis and design of furniture frames

Summary The engineering design of furniture frames was investigated. The stiffness method of matrix structural analysis was applied to furniture frame design, and modifications of it which are needed to treat frames with semi-rigid, elastically non-linear joints of finite size were developed. A method of designing two-pin moment-resisting dowel joints was also developed. An experimental furniture frame was designed using the theories formulated. Results of tests performed on this frame agreed satisfactorily with those predicted theoretically.

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Zusammenfassung Die technische Konstruktion von Möbelrahmen wurde untersucht. Ein Rechenverfahren zur Bestimmung der Steifigkeit wurde mit Hilfe der Matrizen-Analyse auf Möbelrahmen-Konstruktionen angewendet und entsprechende Abwandlungen, die zur Behandlung von Rahmen mit halbstarren, elastisch nicht-linearen Verbindungen bestimmter Größe benötigt werden, wurden entwickelt. Gleichzeitig wurde ein Verfahren zur Konstruktion von biegesteifen Doppel-Dübelverbindungen entwickelt. Ein Versuchs-Möbelrahmen wurde aufgrund der erarbeiteten Theorie gebaut. Die Ergebnisse aus den Versuchen mit diesem Rahmen stimmten weitgehend mit den hierfür theoretisch berechneten Werten überein.

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Journal Paper No. 3575 of Purdue University Agr. Expt. Station.     

Association between temperature,relative humidity and concentration of volatile organic compounds from wooden furniture in a model room

Abstract

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wooden furniture in a child's room were investigated. A model room was set up in a 12?m³ test chamber, and in parallel, a scaled-down version was run in a 1?m³ test chamber. The latter had a steady climate of 23°C/50% relative humidity (RH), while the temperature and humidity conditions were varied in the 12?m³ chamber between 18 and 28°C, and 30 and 80% RH. Compounds found were α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene and hexanal. Variations in the climate showed that there is an association between temperature and room concentrations of all found VOCs. Changes in RH showed effect on hexanal concentration, and all monoterpene concentrations remained unaffected.     

家居设计之儿童家具设计分析

近些年,家具市场里儿童家具发展的速度很快,家长朋友们越来越重视儿童家具的选购,越来越多的家庭也意识到儿童家具在孩子成长过程中所起到的不可估量的作用,因此儿童家具在市场中占有很大一部分份额。本文将对儿童家具设计进行阐述,并且将儿童心理特点和儿童居室环境相联系,通过对儿童家具设计要素的研究提出了儿童居室家具设计的新理念。     

天然纤维微/纳米纤丝改性家具涂料的可行性

纤维素是木材及农作物秸秆的主要组分,约占木材及农作物秸秆质量的50%,在纤维细胞壁中起骨架作用.其化学性质和超分子结构对材料性质和加工性能有重要影响.纤维素微/纳米纤丝是利用物理或化学方法从天然纤维中分离出来的,因为在分离过程中一部分无定形区被破坏,结晶区相对增加,使分离出来的微/纳米纤丝具有较高的刚性.本文简要叙述了天然纤维微/纳米纤丝的分离方法及其作为家具用涂料改性剂的可行性.     

我国家具市场需求预测

自实行改革开放以来,我国家具制造业由于大量引进国外的先进技术和杖备而进入一个全新的发展期。国内家具市场的需要量,也随着市场经济的不断发展、人民生活水平的不断提高而不断增加,家具需求的增加,必然给家具行业的发展提供了良好的机遇。因此,只要把握住市场,调整好产品结构,提高产品质量,其发展前景将极为广阔。     

Hygromechanical behaviour of wooden composites

Summary The objective of this research is to study the moisture deformation of densified in technological pressing wooden composite materials. By generalizing Cosserat's couple-stress theory a structural model for determination of mid-surface strains and curvatures of composite board taking into account asymmetric structure and nonuniform distribution of moisture as well as nonlinear swelling functions of the wooden stuff and dependence of strain characteristics on moisture content is developed. On the basis of a laminate analogy the optimum flake or veneer alignment in board has been estimated for the real composite production process. According to analysis performed, the optimum alignment for hygromechanical properties may not coincide with that for mechanical properties, and for every type of loading, material with a definite structure should be used.