减磷加炭对北疆春小麦磷素利用及产量的影响

本试验探讨不同施肥模式对小麦磷素积累与转运及产量的影响,为合理减磷加炭、提高磷肥利用率提供理论参考。本试验磷肥（P₂O₅）设4个水平,生物炭设3个水平。比较不同施肥模式下小麦磷素积累分配、磷素利用率、产量与磷肥利用率等指标的差异。结果表明：在减量施磷15%(102 kg/hm²)配施生物炭22.5 t/hm²(P3B2)处理下各指标综合效果最好,在该处理下春小麦干物质量最高,为4.07 g/株,较对照增加8.24%,该处理下植株磷含量增加,且主要分配在穗部,较对照增加6.21%;茎部磷素转移在磷肥配施低炭时增幅最高,磷肥配施高量生物炭时增幅最低;叶部磷素转移在磷肥与生物炭配施时对植株叶部磷素的影响大于单施磷肥。本试验条件下,施磷102 kg/hm²同时施加生物炭22.5 t/hm²对提高茎、叶对籽粒的贡献率有明显的促进作用,提升了磷素利用效率与磷素生理效率,并且达到最好的增产效果,为北疆灌区磷肥减施增效提供理论依据。     

磷营养对不同大豆品种生长和磷吸收利用效率的影响

采用液体培养方法,研究了磷素营养对山西省审定的10个有代表性的大豆品种生长和磷吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明,在低磷和高磷条件下,不同大豆品种的株高、主根长、根体积、叶面积和植株干物质量差异达到了显著或极显著水平。在高磷条件下不同大豆品种间植株的磷吸收量差异达到了极显著水平,但在低磷条件下其差异不显著。晋豆11号、晋豆4号和晋豆23号在低磷条件下具有较高的磷利用效率,表明它们适合于低磷土壤种植;晋豆10号和晋豆11号在高磷条件下磷的利用率较高,说明它们适合于磷有效含量高的土壤种植。合理利用大豆品种资源,有利于发挥品种利用磷素的潜力,提高磷的利用效率。     

不同磷素水平对番茄生长及养分吸收的影响

为了探究不同磷素水平对番茄生长及养分吸收的影响,设置4个(0、0.165、0.660、3.300 mmol/L H2PO4-)不同溶度的磷素水平,采用水培的方法进行试验研究。结果表明:缺磷、低磷、高磷都会影响番茄生物量的积累;缺磷使番茄叶片POD、MDA、相对电导率显著提高,植株矮小、瘦弱,叶小且叶色变成紫红色,出现明显的磷素缺乏症状;随着磷供给的增加,番茄根茎叶的磷含量不断增加,低磷使磷素向地上部的转移比例增加,高磷增加了磷在根中的累积;低磷显著影响番茄对K、Ca的吸收;高磷影响K、Ca、Mg向地上部运转。     

氮磷水平对辣木长势及养分吸收的影响研究

研究不同施磷水平对辣木生长及氮、磷、钾养分吸收的影响,为明确辣木养分需求规律及最佳施磷量提供理论基础。以印度辣木(Moringa oleifera)为研究对象,采用生土与椰糠混合基质培养,观测不同施磷水平(0、125、250和375 mg kg_-1)下辣木株高、茎粗、干物质量及根冠比的差异,并分析植株体内氮、磷、钾养分含量及累积量。结果表明：辣木的株高、茎粗及干物质累积量均随施磷水平的提高而增加,且当磷施用量为375 mg kg_-1时,辣木各生长指标为最大值,其株高、茎粗及干物质累积量分别为不施磷处理的2.9、2.6和13.8倍。此外,多施磷肥可有效促进辣木根冠比及生物量的提高。供磷水平与辣木生长指标、养分含量及累积量都有较高的相关性。因此,375 mg kg_-1为本试验条件下最佳供磷水平,但实际生产中磷肥的最适田间用量还有待进一步探讨。     

分层供水施磷对冬小麦磷效率及产量的影响

研究分层供水施磷对冬小麦磷效率及产量的影响,为指导旱地施磷提供一定理论和实践依据。试验设整体湿润(W1)和上干下湿(W2) 2 种水分处理,不施磷(CK)、表施(SP)、深施(DP)3 种施磷处理,供试品种选用水分敏感型（‘小偃22’）和抗旱型（‘长旱58’）。研究结果表明：磷肥施用深度对冬小麦磷根效率比、磷肥利用效率、磷肥偏生产力(PFPP)及产量的影响随土壤水分和品种而异。2 种水分条件下,‘小偃22’DP较SP处理磷肥利用率、PFPp均显著降低(P＜0.05),磷根效率比及产量则差异不显著;W1 处理下,‘长旱58’DP较SP处理除磷根效率比外其他指标均显著降低(P＜0.05),W2 处理下则相反,上述指标均显著增加(P＜0.05)。本试验结果表明,土壤水分供应不足时,磷肥深施有利于提高抗旱性较强冬小麦品种对磷素的吸收利用能力,从而提高磷肥利用率及产量。     

不同形态氮素对燕麦营养生长和磷素利用的影响

本试验采用溶液培养和砂基培养的方法,研究了NO3ˉ-N和NH4+-N两种不同形态氮素对燕麦营养生长、氮代谢、根际pH及磷素利用的影响。结果表明, 在NO3ˉ-N和 NH4+-N同时存在的条件下,燕麦生长明显优于单一NH4+-N或NO3ˉ-N处理,且植株生长量特别是根系生长量随着NO3ˉ-N在氮源中比例的提高而增加。燕麦吸收NO3ˉ-N 和NH4+-N对     

Impact of Wood Biochar and Its Interactions with Mycorrhizal Fungi,Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Strategies on Potato Growth

Biochar amendment to soil has the potential to improve soil quality and increase crop yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF ) provide beneficial plant services of stress alleviation with respect to phosphorus (P) deficiency and drought. The aim of this study was to explore interactive effects of biochar with AMF , P fertilization levels and irrigation strategies on growth of potato plants. Potato plants were amended with wood biochar of 0.74 % w/w (B+) or not (B?), fertilized with phosphorus of 0.11 mg P g^?1 soil (P1) or not (P0), irrigated with full irrigation (FI ) or partial root‐zone drying irrigation (PRD ) and inoculated with AMF of Rhizophagus irregularis (M+) or not (M?) in split‐root pots in a sandy loam soil. Plants were analysed for growth performance, P and nitrogen (N) uptake and water use efficiency (WUE ). Biochar adsorption of mineral P and N in aqueous solution was tested in subexperiment. B+ significantly decreased plant biomass production except under P0 FI M?, where B+ increased plant biomass. This growth stimulation was counteracted by treatments of P1, PRD and M+. B+ significantly decreased plant leaf area, P and N uptake and WUE , but had no significant effect on root biomass and soil pH. The positive plant growth response to AMF was substantially reduced by biochar amendment. The wood biochar had no adsorption for mineral N, and it had 0.96 % adsorption for mineral P in aqueous solution. The results suggested that the negative effect of wood biochar application on plant growth may due to the reduced plant uptake of P and N and the possibility of phytotoxic effects of wood biochar on potato growth. It was concluded that the wood biochar used in current study had negative impact on plant growth and P/N uptake and it is not recommendable to apply this wood biochar to mycorrhizal agro‐system, to soil fertilized with high rate of P or to soil suffering water deficiency.     

低磷胁迫对草莓幼苗根系生长和酸性磷酸酶活性的影响

为探讨低磷胁迫对不同品种草莓幼苗的根系生长和酸性磷酸酶活性(APA)的影响,试验选取4个草莓品种（‘红颜’、‘章姬’、‘甜查理’、‘童子一号’）,采用水培的方法,设正常磷处理(KH2PO4 1×10-3 mol/L)、低磷处理(KH2PO4 1×10-6 mol/L)2个处理,分别于处理后0、7、14、21、28、35 天,取样对其根系分泌酸性磷酸酶活性进行测定分析,并于处理后35天,测定其根鲜重、主根长、侧根数。结果表明,草莓幼苗受低磷胁迫后,其主根长度受到了抑制,而同期测定的侧根数、根鲜重、根冠比则显著增加。根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性在低磷处理早期就有显著提高,且随着低磷胁迫的延续,其活性持续升高;各项形态、生理指标显示,供试4种草莓品种中,‘甜查理’相对于其他供试草莓品种对低磷胁迫环境适应性较好,说明可以通过选择、改良草莓的根系特性来提高草莓的磷效率。     

Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency from Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Stress Environment

Plants display an array of classical strategies to maximize phosphate (Pi) acquisition from sparingly soluble P sources. Acclimation to Pi-stress via elegant Pi-starvation induced (PSI) adjustments would reduce our current overreliance on expensive, polluting and non-renewable Pi-fertilizers. Nevertheless, differences in the ability of various species to solubilize sparingly soluble P-sources have been often evidenced; inter-cultivar variations are scarcely documented. Brassica is known as an effective, non-mycorrhizal user of sparingly soluble P-sources. Various growth parameters and biomass accumulation by genetically diverse Brassica cultivars were determined in four experiments using hydroponics and quartz sand culture media. Role of PSI root mediated pH changes, organic anions (OAs) exudation and altered root architecture in mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-forms [Jordan rock-P (RP) at 2 g l⁻¹ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (TCP) at 0.2 g l⁻¹ respectively] was investigated. Cultivars showed considerable genetic variations in biomass accumulation, various growth parameters and root–shoot ratio. Concentration and total uptake of P, specific absorption rate of P, P-transport rate and P-utilization efficiency (PUE) were also significantly (P < 0.001) different for various cultivars and their dry matter was significantly correlated with P-uptake [r = 0.94** (significant at 1% level)]. P-tolerant cultivars showed substantial decrease in solution media pH because of H⁺ efflux and exuded more carboxylates than low P-sensitive cultivars under P-starvation. P-uptake by cultivars increased linearly with decreasing pH. The amount and types of OAs exuded from the roots of P-starved plants differed from those of plants grown under P-sufficient environment. In split pot study, with TCP and RP supplied spatially separated from other nutrients, efficient cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently than inefficient cultivars. In rhizobox study, the elongation rates of primary roots decreased but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots and the length of lateral roots increased under P-starvation. Tested cultivars showed genetic diversity in accessing, mobilization, acquisition and utilization of Pi from sparingly soluble P forms. An arrange marriage of plant traits can explain cultivar’s access to different forms of sparingly soluble P, and in addition to altered lateral root topology and enhanced P-uptake and PUE, enhanced H⁺ efflux and OAs exudation are key factors in Pi scavenging from extra cellular sparingly soluble P-forms.     

分层供水施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响

研究分层供水条件下施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响, 为指导旱地施磷提供一定理论和实践依据。以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤, 进行土柱模拟试验, 研究分层供水施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响。试验设不施磷和施磷于0~30 cm和 30~60 cm土层 3种处理, 每个施磷水平下设整体湿润和上干下湿 （0~30 cm土层干旱胁迫, 30~60 cm土层湿润） 2种水分处理。不同土层水磷处理显著影响冬小麦产量和磷、 氮、 钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配。结果表明, 与整体湿润处理相比, 上干下湿水分处理下冬小麦产量和籽粒氮、 磷、 钾累积量及分配率均显著增加(P＜0.05), 其他营养器官养分累积量及分配率则差异不显著。磷肥施用深度对冬小麦产量和不同器官氮、 磷、 钾养分累积量和分配率的影响与不同土层的土壤水分状况有关。整体湿润条件下, 与磷肥表施处理相比, 磷肥深施处理产量显著降低(P＜0.05), 减产 7.49%, 上干下湿水分条件下, 则相反, 增产 11.2%(P＜0.05); 整体湿润条件下, 与磷肥表施处理处理相比, 磷肥深施处理显著降低叶片+茎鞘氮、 磷、 钾累积量(P＜0.05), 对分配率的影响差异均不显著, 上干下湿水分处理下, 与磷肥表施处理相比, 磷肥深施处理籽粒氮、 磷、 钾累积量及分配率均显著增加(P＜0.05)。本模拟试验结果表明, 土壤水分供应不足时, 磷肥深施提高冬小麦籽粒氮、 磷、 钾养分累积量及分配率, 促进光合产物向穗部转移,从而有利于形成高产。     

土壤水分和氮磷营养对冬小麦根苗生长的效应

在模拟田间原状土容重的条件下土培,研究了土壤水分和氮磷营养对小麦根苗生长及水分利用的效应。结果表明：在ＳＲＷＣ为４０％－７０％范围内,土壤水分亏缺严重,ＲψＷ和ＥＴ显著降低,根苗生长严重受阻,ＲＬ变短,ＲＤＷ降低,ＬＡ和ＰＤＷ减少;随着土壤水分趋于良好,ＲψＷ、ＥＴ和ＬＡ明显增加,ＲＤＷ和ＰＤＷ在ＳＴＷＣ为５５％－６２％之间时最大,而ＳＲＷＣ在５５％上下时ＲＬ达最长;土壤轻度干旱有利根系下扎,土壤     

不同磷水平对橡胶树幼苗氮钾吸收、分配与利用的影响

为研究磷素的缺乏对橡胶树氮、钾吸收利用分配特性的影响,利用橡胶树PRIM600号实生无性系幼苗为材料,通过水培试验,研究不同磷水平（P2O5浓度为31、10、5、1、0 mg/L）下橡胶树氮和钾的吸收、利用和分配规律。结果表明,随着磷水平的下降,橡胶树氮、钾的吸收效率均显著降低。茎的氮利用效率随着磷水平的下降而显著升高。根、叶的氮利用效率在10 mg/L、5 mg/L、1 mg/L等轻度磷胁迫下与正常处理无显著差异,但在0 mg/L处理下与正常处理达到差异显著水平。茎的钾利用效率随着磷水平的下降显著提高,但叶、根等器官钾的利用效率无显著变化。同时,低磷胁迫下,橡胶树增加了对根系的氮、钾素分配比例,促进根的生长,从而增强橡胶树的氮、钾的吸收能力。此外,缺磷显著可提高橡胶树的N/P比和K/P比、降低N/K比。说明在缺磷条件下,磷是主要的生长限制因子,且会导致N/K比例失调,产生相对的氮素缺乏。在生产中,缺磷条件下应适当提高氮肥的比例,从而保持氮和钾的相对平衡。     

低磷胁迫对不同水稻品种根系形态和养分吸收的影响

以耐低磷品种大粒稻、莲塘早3号和低磷敏感品种沪占七、新三百粒为材料，采用砂培，测定常磷（10 mg/L）和低磷（0.5 mg/L）两个磷水平下，根系形态、同化物分配、矿质元素吸收、离子吸收耗能的品种差异。实验结果表明，低磷胁迫下，耐低磷品种的总根数、总根长、总根表面积、侧根长、侧根数及侧根密度均明显增加，而低磷敏感     

不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌含量和生物有效性及其对氮磷肥的响应

明确不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌含量和生物有效性及其对氮磷肥配施的响应, 对小麦高产优质高效生产具有重要意义。本文以6个不同粒色(白粒、红粒和黑粒)小麦品种为材料, 在大田条件下研究了不同氮磷肥配比(N1: 90 kg N hm ^-2; N2: 240 kg N hm ^-2; P1: 60 kg P₂O₅ hm ^-2; P2: 209 kg P₂O₅ hm ^-2)对小麦产量、籽粒铁锌含量及其生物有效性的影响。结果表明, 不同品种籽粒铁锌含量和积累量存在年际间差异, 黑粒小麦具有较高的铁锌生物有效性。小麦籽粒产量、铁锌含量及积累量在N2P1处理下最高; 铁锌生物有效性在N2P2或N2P1处理下最高, 两处理之间没有显著差异。红粒小麦扬麦15和扬麦22在N2P1水平下籽粒铁锌含量及其积累量最高, N2P2次之; 黑粒小麦周黑麦1号和紫麦1号在N2P2水平下铁含量及其积累量最高, N2P1次之; 不同品种的铁锌生物有效性多数在N2P1或N2P2水平下最高, 表明适量增施氮肥, 有利于提高籽粒产量、铁锌含量及其生物有效性。在本试验条件下综合考虑产量和效率, N2P1 (240 kg N hm ^-2、60 kg P₂O₅ hm ^-2)处理对提高产量、增加籽粒铁锌含量及其生物有效性效果最佳。     

Phosphorus Fertilization and Fungal Inoculations Affected the Physiology,Phosphorus Uptake and Growth of Spring Wheat Under Rainfed Conditions on the Canadian Prairies

Some fungal species have been shown to improve plant growth under drought conditions and to increase plant phosphorus (P) uptake from the soil. How moisture limitation, P availability and fungal inoculation interact to affect plant physiology and growth is, however, poorly understood. Here, we studied the combined effects of fungal (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or Penicillium spp.) inoculations and phosphorus (P) fertilization (0, 45 and 90 kg ha^?1) on the net rate of photosynthesis, water‐use efficiency, P uptake and growth of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Superb) under field conditions at two locations (Castor and Vegreville) in Alberta, Canada. Both fungal inoculation and P application increased the rate of photosynthesis. Under the same P level, AMF inoculation had a greater positive effect on the rate of photosynthesis than Penicillium inoculation. The AMF inoculation increased the instantaneous water‐use efficiency (WUEi) of plants at Castor, but not at Vegreville. Leaf carbon isotope discrimination (CID, Δ¹³C) increased with the rate of P application but was not affected by fungal inoculations. Phosphorus concentrations of stem and seed increased with both fungal inoculation and P application irrespective of location, with AMF inoculation showing the largest effects. The interaction between P addition and fungal inoculation was significant for stem P concentration in Vegreville. Both fungal inoculation and P application increased the leaf area index (LAI), biomass production and grain yield at both locations. Under the same P level, AMF inoculation had a greater positive effect on LAI, biomass production and grain yields than Penicillium inoculation. Morphological characters such as spike length and kernels/spike were also improved by fungal inoculation and P application at both locations. We conclude that the studied sites were deficient in P availability, and both fungal inoculation and P application improved P uptake and crop productivity, while the effect of fungal inoculation on water‐use efficiency was site specific.     

小麦不同磷效率基因型的子母盆栽试验

本研究以小麦磷效率典型基因型为材料,以磷酸三钙为磷源,以水平分根试验为基本方法研究麦对难溶态磷酸直斩活化、吸收机理。当磷酸三钙置于营养液时,磷和基因型洛夫林１０号的吸钙量为磷低产和基因型,“中国春”和８０－５５和２．７和３．６倍。其磷素净活化,吸收量分别较之高３０％和７７％。当磷酸三钙置于石英砂中,两类基因型对钙的吸收或对磷的活化,积累保持着类似的趋势。在这种情况下,“中国春”和８０－５５都不能完     

DROUGHT STRESS: Soil Water Availability Alters the Inter‐ and Intra‐Cultivar Competition of Three Spring Wheat Cultivars Bred in Different Eras

Competition for water generates a classic aspect of the tragedy of the commons, the ‘race for fish’, where crops must allocate more resource to acquisition of the limiting resource than is optimal for crop yield allocation. A pot experiment using a simple additive (target–neighbour) design was conducted to examine the above‐ground and below‐ground growth of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars when grown alone and in mixtures at three levels of water availability. The effects of competition and water availability were compared by observing patterns of growth, biomass allocation and below‐ground outcomes. Competitive interactions were investigated among cultivars ‘HST’, ‘GY602’ and ‘LC8275’, target plant of each cultivar grown without neighbouring plants are referred to herein as control plant and one target plant of each cultivar sown surrounded either by same or another cultivar as intra‐ or inter‐cultivar competition. Competitive ability was assessed as the response ratio (lnRR) between the target plant surrounded by six other plants and the target plant in isolation. Our results showed that the cultivar ‘HST’, released over a century ago, produced a higher biomass and grain yield than the more recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ when grown as isolated plants with sufficient water supply. However, competition for resources from neighbours led to target plant biomass and grain yield being significantly reduced relative to controls in all three cultivars, particularly in ‘HST’. When subjected to intra‐cultivar competition, the two recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ had higher grain yields and water use efficiency for grain than ‘HST’ in all three water regimes. The landrace ‘HST’ had better and significantly linear relationships between biomass and biomass allocation, root length and specific root length, whereas the recent and modern cultivars had much more water‐related species‐specific changes in root morphology and allocation patterns. These results suggest that crop traits that influence competitive ability, such as biomass allocation to roots and root plasticity in response to drought have changed in modern wheat cultivars because of breeding and selection.     

Effect of Water Stress on Physiological Attributes and their Relationship with Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars at Different Stages

The effects of water stress on physiological attributes of drought‐sensitive (Kalyansona) and drought‐tolerant (C‐306) wheat cultivars were studied in a pot experiment. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation at boot and anthesis stages. Leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential and leaf turgor potential (measured with pressure chamber and osmometer), as well as leaf diffusive resistance, leaf transpiration rate and leaf‐to‐air transpiration gradient (measured with a steady‐state porometer) were measured diurnally. Growth and yield parameters were recorded after harvesting of the crop. Triplicate data were analysed using a completely randomized design and correlations amongst these parameters were computed. Water stress was found to reduce diurnal leaf water potential and leaf osmotic potential in both the genotypes but leaf osmotic potential was significantly higher in the drought‐tolerant cultivar C‐306 than in the drought‐sensitive cultivar Kalyansona. Positive turgor was recorded in both the genotypes under water stress and non‐stress conditions. Water‐stressed plants showed significantly lower turgor potential than control plants. In diurnal observations, water‐stressed plants exhibited significantly higher leaf diffusive resistance in both genotypes at both stages. The diffusive resistance of C‐306 was predominantly higher than that of Kalyansona. Water stress decreased leaf transpiration rate at both stages but the reduction was higher at the anthesis stage. The leaf‐to‐air temperature gradient was much higher in C‐306 than in Kalyansona at the boot stage but at the anthesis stage genotypic variation was non‐significant. The capacity to maintain cooler foliage was lower at the anthesis stage than at the boot stage in both the cultivars. Shoot dry weight, number of grains, test weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index decreased to a greater extent when water stress was imposed at the anthesis stage, while imposition of water stress at the boot stage caused a greater reduction in plant height and number of tillers. Similarly, water stress caused a smaller reduction in growth, yield and yield attributes in C‐306 than in Kalyansona. In general, the correlation coefficient of grain and biological yield with water potential and its components was positive and highly significant. Similarly, turgor potential was also correlated positively and significantly with grain yield at both the stages, but with biological yield it was significant only at the anthesis stage. A negative and significant correlation was obtained for diffusive resistance and leaf‐to‐air temperature gradient with grain yield at the boot and anthesis stages. The rate of transpiration was also positively and significantly correlated to grain and biological yields at both the stages. Amongst the yield attributes, number of leaves and number of tillers were positively correlated at the anthesis stage, whereas leaf area and shoot dry weight were significantly correlated with grain and biological yields at both the stages.     

江苏滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉氮、磷、钾肥料优化配比研究

【目的】建立江苏省滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉合理的施肥技术体系。【方法】2017―2018年在江苏省滨海棉田,以中棉所50为材料,采用正交设计,研究了不同氮、磷、钾肥配施量对棉花生物量、养分累积与利用及产量的影响。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥3因子对棉株地上部和生殖器官生物量、棉株地上部氮和钾素累积量及皮棉产量的影响均为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥。施N 150~225 kg·hm-2、P2O575 kg·hm-2下棉株地上部和生殖器官生物量、氮和钾累积量及皮棉产量较高。钾肥因子对生殖器官生物量和皮棉产量影响不显著。钾肥因子对氮、钾素利用效率的影响大于氮肥和磷肥,氮肥因子对磷素利用效率的影响大于磷肥和钾肥,施K2O 75~150 kg·hm-2氮、钾素利用效率较高、施氮225 kg·hm-2磷素利用效率较高。土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量较高棉田的氮、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥配施量分别为225 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2和150~225 kg·hm-2。相关分析表明,皮棉产量与棉株氮、钾素累积量显著正相关。【结论】长江流域棉区滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉利于产量和养分利用效率提高的最佳氮、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥配施量分别为225 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2。     

Relations between biomass maintenance of potato clones and the growth and yield of their progeny seedlings at low temperatures

Summary The main purpose of the research reported in this article was to see if the biomass maintenance of parental potato clones was correlated with the growth and yield of their progeny. Seedling populations with parents of European and of Andean origin were cultivated at a temperature of 10°C during the day and 4°C at night. The biomass maintenance of the parents was defined as the ratio between the total biomass yield at 20°C day/10°C night and the total biomass yield at 10° C day/4°C night. The Andean parents had good maintenance ability at the lower regime compared to the Eurpean parents.Biomass maintenance appears to be hereditary. Significant correlation was found between the dry matter maintenance of the parents and the growth rate of seedlings, especially during the second month after potting. In populations with only Andean or only European parents, differences in height increase and leaf formation rate between seedling populations were correlated to the dry matter maintenance of the parents cultivated at the temperature regime 10/4°C. In the hybrid population between an Andean and an European parent only differences in height increase during the second month after potting correlated well to the average dry matter maintenance of the parents. It appears therefore that the rate of height increase during the second month after potting can be used as a criterion for selection.