Countercurrent system in the renal cortex of rats

Tubules on the surface of the renal cortex are intertwined with the capillaries. Micropuncture experiments on rats show that generally the flow of tubular fluid is against the flow of blood in the peritubular capillaries. A countercurrent flow system, therefore, exists not only in the renal papilla but also in the superficial cortex.     

Hereditary renal disease in a mutant strain of rats

Disease of the kidney developed in breeding stock of Gunn rats. The renal lesion is the result of a new mutation. The genetic defect is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is apparently lethal in the homozygous condition. The abnormality manifests itself as a congenital hydronephrosis with related cystic changes in the kidney.     

植物营养遗传性

不同植物存在营养基因型差异,因而具有不同营养特点,表现在不同植物对养分需求的种类、数量和养分代谢方式等存在差异。植物营养特性差异的研究,目前主要集中在根际动态过程的研究上,包括根系分泌物和根际微生物两方面。植物营养遗传性,在育种工作、土宜研究、环境保护等方面的应用具有广阔前景。     

黄瓜数量性状遗传的研究初报

以4个黄瓜自交系为试材，采用完全双列杂交设计，对黄瓜果实数量性状的遗传规律进行了研究。结果表明：与颜色有关的性状遗传率较高，直接选择效果较好，叶绿素含量的狭义遗传率可达89．93％。在10％的选择率下，选择效率为132．88％。除瓜杷长度外与产量有关性状遗传率都较低，直接选择效果较差。在10％的选择率下，单瓜重的选择效率仅为45．45％。各性状的平均显性度小于1，不存在超显性遗传。同时，加性效应存各性状中占主导地位。     

Angiotensin-sodium interaction in blood pressure maintenance of renal hypertensive and normotensive rats

A specific inhibitor of angiotensin II was used in rats to investigate whether angiotensin is involved in the maintenance of blood pressure in one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension, in which plasma renin levels are not usually increased. The inhibitor produced marked falls in blood pressure, often down to normal levels in the hypertensive animals only when they were depleted in sodium and not after sodium repletion. Much lesser but still significant falls in blood pressure were also produced in normotensive sodium-depleted rats but not in repleted rats. We conclude that the importance of angiotensin for maintaining blood pressure is largely determined by its relation to available sodium or fluid volume, since the renin component in maintenance of either the hypertensive or the normotensive state could be exposed only by sodium deprivation. Therefore, volume expansion per se or other pressor factors may be involved in maintaining blood pressure of these sodium-replete normotensive or hypertensive animals.     

甘薯主要经济性状的遗传倾向及其相关性分析

以甘薯杂交后代155个株系及两亲本为试验材料,对甘薯主要经济性状的遗传规律及其相关性进行研究与分析。结果表明,甘薯杂种后代性状分离很广,调查性状在子代中均出现连续变异分布,符合数量性状遗传规律。供试分离群体材料的胡萝卜素含量变异幅度最大,CV为117.6%;变异最小的性状是淀粉含量,CV仅为10.8%;茎叶干率、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量和单株结薯数等性状的遗传力相对较高,均在100%以上;茎蔓长、茎粗、薯块干率和还原糖含量等性状的遗传传递力居中,在91.4%~95.7%;分枝数、单株茎叶鲜质量、单株鲜薯质量、胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量的组合遗传力较低,在51.9%~82.1%;选择茎粗适中、蔓长适中、分枝数多、结薯数多、茎叶鲜质量较大以及茎叶干率较低的株系,可以达到甘薯高产育种的目的。经相关性分析可知,要同时提高胡萝卜素、还原性糖和可溶性糖含量等3个性状难度不大,而要同时提高胡萝卜素、淀粉、还原性糖、可溶性糖和蛋白质等5个重要品质性状很困难。本试验表明,高产高淀粉品种选育相对比较容易,而高产高蛋白质品种选育有一定难度。     

Maternally Inherited Sex Ratio in the Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia vitripennis

Facultative control of the sex ratio has been reported in the wasp Nasonia vitripennis. In a newly wild-eaught strain, females produced few or no male offspring and did not show the usual alterations of sex ratio in response to external conditions. The aberrant trait is inherited through females.     

黄瓜主要营养品质性状遗传分析

文章较系统地对40个品种(系)的黄瓜营养品质性状进行了研究。结果表明,黄瓜营养品质中可溶固形物、维生素C等5个营养品质性状可作为营养品质育种材料的选择依据,决定系数为0.9448。主成分分析和通径检验表明,可溶固形物为育种材料的营养品质的典范性状。应在育种低世代进行选择,而高世代按育种目标进行其他性状的选择。     

Inherited variations of human serum alpha-1-antitrypsin

The normal serum alpha(1)-antitrypsin migrates as a three banded patternwhen separated electrophoretically in starch gel with a sodium acetateethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer of pH 4.95. The results obtained when certain inherited variants of the serum alpha(1)-antitrypsin are separated electrophoretically suggest that the previously described variations in the region preceding the albumin band represent inherited variations of the serum alpha(1)-antitrypsin.     

红肉火龙果果原汁对肾性高血压大鼠的降压作用研究

目的 研究红肉火龙果果原汁(RPJ)对肾性高血压大鼠(RHR)的降压作用。方法 采用两肾一夹(2K1C)针灸针缩窄法制备大鼠肾性高血压模型,将造模成功的大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、卡托普利组和RPJ高、中、低剂量组,连续灌胃8周末,测定各组大鼠收缩压(SBP),记录左肾重量与右肾重量比值(LK/RK)和左心室重量指数(LVMI);光学显微镜观察心肌组织及主动脉弓病理学变化;ELISA法测定大鼠血浆、心肌及肾脏血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)及内皮素-1(ET-1)含量。结果 与模型组相比,RPJ高、中剂量组大鼠血压均明显降低(P＜0.05),LK/RK比值明显升高(P＜0.05),其中高剂量组能够明显降低LVMI值(P＜0.05);RPJ高、中剂量组可以使血浆、心肌及肾脏中的AngⅡ、Ald和ET-1含量不同程度减少(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),RPJ低剂量组血浆AngⅡ含量明显下降(P＜0.05)。结论 RPJ对肾性高血压有较好的治疗作用,值得进一步深入研究。     

反向遗传技术在牛轮状病毒研究中的应用

本文综述了牛轮状病毒的生物学特性、反向遗传学系统的建立及其研究进展,并对反向遗传技术应用于牛轮状病毒进行展望。     

辐射不育技术在害虫防治中的应用

对辐射不育技术在害虫防治中的应用及国内外研究进展展开论述,并讨论昆虫饲养、雌雄分别技术、辐射处理技术、昆虫生物学特性等4个因素对辐射不育的影响及在害虫防治中的作用.     

肾动脉外膜消融对自发性高血压大鼠左室重构的影响

目的 探讨肾动脉外膜消融对自发性高血压大鼠左室重构的影响.方法 雄性16周龄自发性高血压大鼠25只按随机数字法分为肾动脉外膜射频消融组(消融组,n=13)和假手术组(假手术组,n=12).采用自制的射频消融仪行双侧行肾动脉外膜行环状消融.结果 肾动脉外膜消融后,自发性高血压大鼠血压降至正常血压水平,与术前相比,差异有统计学意义[(127.9±13.0) mmHg vs (165.0±6.7) mmHg,P＜0.01).消融组术后心率逐步降低,术后3周下降最为显著,与术前相比差异有统计学意义[(332.5±26.3)次/min vs (392.5±34.1)次/min,P＜0.01].与术前相比,消融组术后3周时左室后壁厚度(LVPM)明显减少[(1.89±0.23)mm vs (2.23±0.25) mm,P＜0.01];与假手术组相比,术后3周消融组LVPM显著减少[(1.89±0.23)mm vs (2.24±0.21) mm,P＜0.01].与假手术组相比,消融组肾素活性显著降低[(39.1±9.2) μg/(L·h) vs (20.8±8.8) μg/(L.h),P＜0.01].与假手术组相比,消融组心肌组织去甲肾上腺素水平显著降低[(217.3±36.4) ng/g vs (153.1±27.4) ng/g,P＜0.05),消融组心肌组织肾上腺素水平显著降低[(113.5±28.3) ng/g vs (76.3±24.1) ng/g,P＜0.05];Masson染色可见消融组心脏心肌间质纤维明显减少,心脏胶原容积分数(CVF)显著降低[(8.59±0.78)％vs (10.73±0.86)％,P＜0.05].血管紧张素1(ACE1)免疫组化染色显示消融组心肌组织ACE1生成减少,而ACE2生成增多.结论 肾动脉外膜消融能逆转左室肥厚,改善左室重构,交感和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)系统的抑制可能是改善心肌重构的主要原因.     

小麦骨干亲本晋麦62号的遗传特点分析

晋麦62号是山西农业大学谷子研究所(原山西省农业科学院谷子研究所)育成并审定的适合山西北部水地种植的一个小麦新品种,近年以晋麦62号为骨干亲本在山西南部和中部育成并审定数个新品种。通过对小麦骨干亲本晋麦62号及其衍生品种的主要特征特性的分析,总结得出晋麦62号作为骨干亲本的遗传特点：矮秆、多穗、生育期偏晚、遗传力强等特性,与早熟等性状互补优质资源组配,在北方麦区育成高产、稳产、矮秆、多穗型小麦品种的概率增大。通过对晋麦62号遗传特点的分析,使今后小麦育种工作中对晋麦62号的遗传特点更好地加以利用。     

Inherited variant of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase in micronesians from Guam and Saipan

A variant of one form of red cell carbonic anhydrase was discovered in "Chamorro" inhabitants from the islands of Guam and Saipan. Segregation of this trait in four pedigrees indicates that it is under the control of a single autosomal gene.     

复方大黄净化液对慢性肾衰竭大鼠的治疗

为研究复方大黄净化液灌肠对慢性肾衰竭大鼠的治疗作用,通过复制慢性肾衰竭模型,分为病理对照组、药用炭组、复方大黄净化液大、中、小剂量灌肠治疗组,用药周期为58 d,测定了大鼠血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿肌酐、红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量及肾脏组织病理学变化。结果表明,复方大黄净化液各剂量组、药用炭组血清肌酐、尿素氮显著降低(P<0.05),且以复方大黄净化液大、中剂量组下降更为明显(P<0.05);复方大黄净化液各剂量组24 h尿肌酐显著升高(P<0.05),且以复方大黄净化液大、中剂量组更为明显(P<0.05);复方大黄净化液大、中剂量组红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05);灌肠后各剂量组可不同程度改善肾衰竭大鼠肾脏病理改变。复方大黄净化液对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾功能、肾脏病理、贫血都具有一定改善作用,且存在量效依赖关系。     

Inherited electrophoretic hemoglobin patterns among 20 inbred strains of mice

The hemoglobin from mice of six inbred strains is of the single-spot electrophoretic type, and that from 14 inbred strains is of the diffuse type. No selective advantage is apparent for either type. The distribution among strains shows some relation to the history of the development of the strains.     

Inherited epilepsy: spike-wave and focal motor seizures in the mutant mouse tottering

Mice with the mutant gene tottering (tg, chromosome 8, autosomal recessive) show, in adolescence, abnormal bursts of bilaterally synchronous spike waves as revealed in electrocorticograms recorded over long periods. The spike waves are accompanied by behavioral "absence" attacks and intermittent focal motor seizures showing somatotopic progression. Cerebral metabolic activity during seizures was assayed by autoradiography of brain sections from mice injected intravenously with 14C-labeled 2-deoxyglucose. Metabolic activity was increased bilaterally in selected brainstem structures. Spontaneous electrocorticographic and clinical seizures of this general pattern were recognized hitherto only in humans.