共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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近年来,生物柴油作为一种无毒的、可生物降解的、可再生的柴油机代用燃料倍受关注.为优化生物柴油的应用,对比分析了大豆油甲酯生物柴油与柴油混合液的低温流动性、雾化和蒸发性、安定性、腐蚀性、清洁性和互溶性.结果表明:与柴油相比,B5、B10、B15、B20、B25和B30的凝点和冷滤点保持不变;闪点、20℃运动粘度、40℃运动粘度、密度和50%馏出温度分别平均增加26.8%、7.2%、10.8%、1.3%和12.6%,而90%和95%馏出温度基本不变;胶质和残碳分别平均增加62.3%和6.5%;硫含量平均降低15.7%,但酸度平均升高4.1%;灰分平均增加22.7%.但机械杂质平均降低13.7%.经分析,大豆油甲酯生物柴油与柴油混合液基本符合国家标准GB252-2000对轻柴油的要求. 相似文献
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生物柴油物理特性参数的估算与误差分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以生物柴油脂肪酸酯含量为基础,应用Matlab编制了包含15种脂肪酸酯的生物柴油物性参数预测程序,并应用所编程序估算了大豆油甲酯生物柴油的密度、表面活力、黏度和导热系数;分析比较了各种估算方法的精度.结果表明:在生物柴油密度估算中,修改Raekett方程的估算精度较高;Sastfi-Rao方法估算生物柴油低温黏度所得结果与实测值最接近,其估算精度较高;Miller方法和Macleod-Sugden关联式估算生物柴油表面张力的精度较其它几种方法高;建议在生物柴油导热系数估算中应用Sastri方法. 相似文献
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二步法催化高酸值大豆油制备生物柴油 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用两步法催化高酸值大豆油制备生物柴油.第一步在固定床反应器中,以002CR型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,高酸值大豆油中游离脂肪酸和甲醇酯化生成脂肪酸甲酯(生物柴油);然后用氢氧化钾催化油中的甘油三酯和甲醇进行酯交换.结果表明,最佳酯化条件为:醇酸摩尔比2:1,反应温度60℃,进耕速度3 mL/min.该条件下大豆油酸值可降至1 mgKOH/g以下.酯交换条件为:催化剂用量1.5%,醇油摩尔比6:1,反应温度65℃.产品技术指标达到我国0#柴油(GB252-1994优级品)的要求. 相似文献
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新型固体碱催化大豆油制备生物柴油的工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
制备了新型固体碱催化剂KNO3/AlSBA-15,并以此催化大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油,对其工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明:醇油物质的量比为12∶1,催化剂用量为大豆油质量的3%,反应温度65C,反应时间4h,生物柴油的产率可达81%以上.该催化剂对酯交换制备生物柴油具有较高的催化活性和良好的重复使用性. 相似文献
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以等体积浸渍法制备负载型K2O固体碱催化剂,考察了不同制备条件对催化剂催化大豆油制备生物柴油性能的影响.结果表明:最佳制备条件为焙烧温度700℃,焙烧时间5h,负载量为7 mmol·g-1,固体碱粒度160目,在此条件下得到的固体碱催化大豆油制备生物柴油酯化率可达78%以上. 相似文献
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分子筛负载杂多酸催化大豆油制备生物柴油 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型催化剂PW/MCM-41,并以此催化大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油.考察了磷钨酸负载量和催化剂焙烧温度对催化剂催化活性的影响,以及醇油物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对生物柴油产率的影响.结果表明:磷钨酸负载量为30%、焙烧温度为300℃时,催化剂活性最高.酯交换反应的最佳条件... 相似文献
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《Industrial Crops and Products》1999,9(2):151-162
This analysis estimates potential US biodiesel demand in three specific markets that the US biodiesel industry has identified as likely candidates for commercialization: federal fleets, mining, and marine/estuary areas. If a 20% biodiesel blend becomes a competitive alternative fuel in the future, these markets could demand as much as 379 Ml of biodiesel. The Food and Agricultural Policy Simulator, an econometric model of US agriculture, was used to estimate the impacts of 76, 189, and 379 Ml of soybean-oil-based biodiesel production on the agricultural sector of the United States. The results indicate that the increased demand for soybean oil would increase US soybean oil price by as much as 14.1%. Corresponding to this price change, US soybean price would rise 2.0% and soybean meal price would fall by 3.3%. US net farm income would increase by as much as 0.3%. 相似文献
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绿色液体燃料-大豆生物柴油的制备研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
大豆生物柴油是一种对环境友好的、可再生的生物质燃料,大豆生物柴油的应用可以减少人类对矿物燃料的依赖,而且可以大大减少对环境的污染.试验分别利用精制大豆油和煎炸废油成功制得符合国内外现有质量标准的大豆生物柴油. 相似文献
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The demand for diesel fuel far exceeds the current and future biodiesel production capabilities of the vegetable oil and animal fat industries. New oilseed crops that do not compete with traditional food crop are needed to meet existing energy demands. Hybrid hazelnut oil is just such an attractive raw material for production of biodiesel. Hazelnut oil was extracted from hybrid hazelnuts and the crude oil was refined. Hazelnut oil-based biodiesel was prepared via the transesterification of the refined hazelnut oil with excess methanol using an alkaline catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst concentration on the yield of diesel were examined, and selected physical and chemical properties of the biodiesel were evaluated. The biodiesel yield increased with increasing temperature from 25 to 65 °C and with increasing catalyst concentration from 0.1 to 0.7 wt%. The increase in yield with reaction time was nonlinear and characterized by an initial faster rate, followed by a slow rate. Hazelnut oil-based biodiesel had an average viscosity of 8.82 cP at 25 °C, which was slightly higher than that of the commercial soy-based diesel (7.92 cP at 25 °C). An approximate 12 °C higher onset oxidative temperature and a 10 °C lower cloud point of hazelnut oil biodiesel than those of its commercial soy counterpart indicated a better oxidative stability and flowability at low temperature. The average heat of combustion of hazelnut oil biodiesel was 40.23 kJ/g, and accounted for approximately 88% of energy content of diesel fuel. The fatty acid composition of hazelnut oil-based biodiesel was the same as the nature oil. 相似文献
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The high viscosity of vegetable oil can be reduced by transesterification with alcohols and converting it into biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used neat or blended with diesel as engine fuel. This study demonstrates that esters of castor oils have a higher viscosity than safflower oil derived esters and the viscosity can be reduced by blending with diesel. The viscosity increased in a non-linear fashion as the percentage of castor esters increased in castor esters diesel blends and in castor esters safflower esters blends. Only slight increases in viscosity were observed for B40 and B60 mixtures with No. 2 diesel. Addition of ten chemical additives in castor esters at the rate of 0.01%, 0.1% and 1.0% showed limited viscosity reduction. 相似文献
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《Industrial Crops and Products》2007,25(1):1-7
Soybean oil is a highly valuable agricultural commodity for the United States. To further add value to soybean oil, chemical and physical modifications, as well as additives, have been extensively used to change the oil characteristics and properties, broadening the potential industrial applications. Heat treatments such as heat-bodying have been implemented to change soybean oil properties, but no research has studied the effects of microwave-irradiation on soybean oil structure and properties.Soybean oil (SBO) was heat-bodied (HB) or microwave-irradiated (MI). HB and MI (200–250 °C for 20–60 min) oil had similar Gardner bubble viscosity (B–C range). SBO that was HB or MI had increased viscosity compared with untreated SBO. 1H NMR analysis showed no oxidation occurred for all treatments. However, HB and MI oil formed a cyclic ring structure with polymerization that most likely contributed to the increased viscosity. Pour point decreased from −9 °C for the untreated SBO, −15 °C for the HB, and −18 °C for the MI despite viscosity increases. Pour point anomaly is likely due to triacylglyceride cyclic ring formation. Pressurized DSC analysis showed higher oxidative stability for HB oil with even higher stability for MI oil. Compared with untreated SBO, HB and MI oil increased friction coefficient and decreased film percentage, whereas MI oil tended to leave larger wear scratches on the ball and disk during friction measurements. MI oil improved SBO cold-flow behavior, but reduced its potential as a lubricant. 相似文献
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Physicochemical properties of stillingia oil: Feasibility for biodiesel production by enzyme transesterification 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The physicochemical properties, fatty acids profile and triglyceride compositions of the stillingia oil were analyzed. The stillingia oil was found to contain 98.79% neutral lipids, 0.22% phospholipids and 0.99% glycolipids, which exhibited varying contents of fatty acids. The major triglyceride was double linoleic acid linolenic acid triglyceride, which accounted for approximately 79.49% of the total triglycerides. Preparation of biodiesel from stillingia oil was investigated by enzyme transesterification with methanol as the acyl acceptor. The results showed that lipase type (Novozym 435, Lipozyme TLIM and Lipozyme RMIM), reaction systems (in solvent-free and tert-butanol system) and operational parameters (lipase loading, reaction time, temperature, and molar ratio of alcohol to oil) influenced the biodiesel yield. Fuel properties of biodiesel from stillingia oil were evaluated and all were in acceptable range for use as biodiesel in diesel engines, and had remarkable flash point and satisfactory cold flow properties. It was concluded that stillingia oil was an alternative potential feedstock oil for biodiesel production. 相似文献