用米蛾卵繁殖黄色花蝽初报

1980年从美国引进的黄色花蝽(Xylocoris flavipes),经国内一些单位试验,对控制粮仓一些害虫(如赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗、锯谷盗、长角谷盗、姬拟谷盗等)效果较为显著。目前饲养繁殖黄色花蝽多采用赤拟谷盗幼虫,技术上尚存在一些问题。为此,我们试验用米蛾卵繁殖黄色花蝽。试验在27℃、相对湿度75％的定温室内进行。饲养容器为直径4 cm、高1cm的透明塑料盒,每盒1-2头花蝽,盒底放小碎纸片,以便花蝽活动。每天上午放新鲜米蛾卵一次,并观察记录。     

对合成除虫菊酯类农药防治仓贮小麦害虫的评价

本文报道了氯氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯、杀灭菊酯四种农药对米象,赤拟谷盗和谷蠹的防治效果及残效。所有供试农药,即使用量2ppm,在一年内对仓贮小麦均有较好的保护效果。     

南通口岸全国首次截获检疫性害虫凹胸锥尾窄吉丁

正2018年2月,南通海关关员对一批入境的巴布亚新几内亚木材进行开箱检疫查验时在集装箱及箱内木材上发现大量活体有害生物。经送南京海关实验室鉴定复核,发现有中对长小蠹、橡胶材小蠹、剪长小蠹、双钩异翅长蠹、双齿谷盗、六脊坚甲、吉丁科、小粉盗、亚扁粉盗、扁蝽科、举腹蚁属、凹胸锥尾窄吉丁、小蕈甲科和新白蚁属等多种有害生物。其中检疫性有害生物凹胸锥尾窄吉丁(Agrilus vestitus     

磷化铝的应用

磷化铝熏蒸贮粮害虫在国外已用多年,据试验报告:对杂拟谷盗、赤拟谷盗、米象、谷象、印度谷螟、谷皮蠹、谷蠹、锯谷盗、麦蛾等不同发育阶段的虫态,都有效果。 此外,谷蛾、干果蛾、地中海粉螟、粉螨、蘑菇螨、室螨以及啮齿类小动物,对磷化氢都很敏感,每50立方呎用量不到一片,即有效。     

黄色花蝽对杂拟谷盗的模拟控制研究

在整粒小麦及半碎小麦中,黄色花蝽对杂拟谷盗的控制效果较好,但在小麦粉中无控制作用。在半碎小麦中,益害比1:20时,控制效果可达97.65％;在整粒小麦中,采用益害比1:1、1:2、1:4、1:8所得到的控制效果均无显著差异,但随着容器增大控制效果逐渐降低。     

甲酸乙酯对三种主要仓储害虫的熏蒸作用

为明确甲酸乙酯对仓储害虫的实际控制效果,避免二氧化碳对熏蒸作用的影响,该研究利用循环熏蒸系统(FTFS),测定甲酸乙酯对米象、赤拟谷盗、谷蠹三种主要仓储害虫混合虫态的熏蒸作用.结果表明:在25℃、70%RH条件下,甲酸乙酯43.34、80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L 熏蒸处理6 h,对赤拟谷盗和谷蠹混合虫态有很好的控制作用,死亡率大于95.96%;甲酸乙酯80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L处理对米象混合虫态的杀虫效果较好.甲酸乙酯对米象蛹的杀虫效果较差.     

进境木薯干截获有害生物情况分析与建议

本文对2003~2015年我国进口木薯干截获有害生物情况进行分析,以期为进境木薯干检验检疫工作提供参考。通过分析显示,进境木薯干截获有害生物主要来源国家为泰国、越南、印度尼西亚和柬埔寨,疫情种类包括昆虫、杂草、真菌、线虫、螨类以及其他有害生物共计6大类。全国口岸在进境木薯干中共截获检疫性有害生物30种、364种次,全部为昆虫和杂草。赤拟谷盗、咖啡豆象、谷蠹、锈赤扁谷盗、长头谷盗、仓潜、黑菌虫、孢坚甲、黑小长蠹、小菌虫、米扁虫、玉米象、锯谷盗等仓储类害虫截获次数较高。本文针对木薯干疫情截获情况,提出了进境木薯干检疫的相关建议,防止外来有害生物传入。     

溴甲烷减压熏蒸出口白蒜效果好

1988年8月,我们以溴甲烷熏蒸一批57t 的徐州白蒜(受同仓堆放的嘉定白蒜感染咖啡豆象),采用减压措施,效果好于常压熏蒸。该批白蒜装瓦楞纸箱,有通气孔。堆垛糊封后,先开启320～420w 的抽气泵6分钟,聚乙烯帐幕收缩后贴住堆垛表面,后投溴甲烷9.35kg,浓度为48.4g/m~3,帐内温度32～33.5℃,密闭3小时。散气后即将全部虫样取走。于散气后2个半小时检查一批虫样:(1)谷蠹,赤拟谷盗成、幼虫,长角扁谷盗,姬拟谷盗等仓虫共27头,全部死亡;(2)     

臭氧对不同磷化氢抗性储粮害虫作用效果研究

为探明臭氧对主要储粮害虫的熏蒸效果及其与磷化氢抗性的关系,本研究采用臭氧发生装置测定浓度为0.84 g/m^3臭氧对5种主要储粮害虫(赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗、玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹)的熏蒸效果,及对具有不同磷化氢抗性的赤拟谷盗(抗性系数为1.7~862.7)和杂拟谷盗(抗性系数为2.3~144.7)的毒力效果,并统计分析了试虫经臭氧熏蒸1 h后在不同时间内的行为状态差异。研究结果表明:在0.84 g/m^3臭氧浓度下,5种害虫对臭氧均具有较强敏感性,其LT50在0.58~1.53 h,其中谷蠹对臭氧的耐受性相对最强;赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的不同磷化氢抗性品系对臭氧的敏感性差异较小,表明磷化氢与臭氧无交互抗性。经臭氧熏蒸1 h后,试虫有正常爬行、非正常爬行和死亡3种行为状态,其中较大比例的试虫(24%~66%)处于非正常爬行状态,且持续时间较长,约10 d后此部分试虫恢复正常或死亡。结果表明,臭氧对储粮害虫具有高效性和广谱性,且与磷化氢无交互抗性,可作为储粮害虫防治及磷化氢抗性治理药剂。     

贮粮害虫的危害与简易除虫法

一、贮粮害虫的危害贮粮是人们日常最需要的食品 ,种子是农业生产的物质基础 ,又是农作物增产的内因。目前国内已发现贮粮害虫有１１０余种 ,其中发生普遍、危害严重的有麦蛾、谷蠹、米象、玉米象、大谷盗、锯谷盗、长角扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗、一点谷螟等。麦蛾、谷蠹、米象、玉米象和大谷盗等以蛀食柚、米、麦类、玉米、高粱和豆类为主 ,食害整粒原粮 ;锯谷盗、长角扁谷盗则以上述害虫吃剩的碎粮粉屑为生 ;而赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗、一点谷螟等既危害粉粮 ,又危害整粒原粮。这些害虫 ,一般繁殖能力强 ,发育迅速。如麦蛾１年发生６代 ,米…     

Glucosinolate aglucones and analogues: insecticidal properties and a QSAR

Naturally occurring aglucones of three glucosinolates (sinigrin, glucotropaeolin, and epi-progoitrin) were tested for fumigation activity against the house fly, Musca domestica, and the lesser grain borer, Rhizopertha dominica. A total of eight natural aglucones were evaluated in the bioassays. Two aglucones of sinigrin showed efficacy against both species which was comparable with that of a commercial fumigant, chloropicrin. None of the aglucones tested was comparable in activity to dichlorvos. Aglucones of glucotropaeolin were also insecticidal, but not to the same level as the sinigrin aglucones. The aglucones of epi-progoitrin were only slightly effective as fumigants. A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) was developed for synthetic analogues of the sinigrin and glucotropaeolin aglucones. An electronic parameter, σ*, provided the best predictor of activity in R. dominica, whereas a hydrophobicity parameter, π, best predicted activity in M. domestica. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

Combinations of pirimiphos-methyl and carbaryl for stored grain protection

In laboratory experiments, whole wheat was treated with pirimiphos-methyl or carbaryl or combinations of these two insecticides; the treated grain was then adjusted to a 12% moisture content and stored at 25°C for bioassay at various intervals over a period of 39 weeks. Pirimiphos-methyl at 5.1 mg kg^?1 effectively controlled Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val but was ineffective against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) CRD 118, a strain showing malathion resistance. Conversely, carbaryl at 6.5 mg kg^?1 (but not at 3.1 mg kg^?1) was effective against R. dominica, but ineffective against the other two species. A combination of pirimiphosmethyl + carbaryl, at 1.8 + 5.1 mg kg^?1, controlled S. granarius and R dominica but not T. confusum, whilst a 4.2 + 3.4 mg kg^?1 combination was relatively more effective against T. confusum but less so against R. dominica. In a separate experiment, whole wheat was treated with carbaryl at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg kg^?1 (nominal rates). Samples were stored and, at various times after the treatments, were bioassayed with R. dominica CRD 2, at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The results were comparable with those for the CRD 118 strain, but efficacy was reduced at higher temperatures. The combination of pirimiphos-methyl at 4–5 mg kg^?1 and carbaryl at 5–6 mg kg^?1 is suggested as a potentially useful grain protectant where R. dominica is a problem and long term storage is required. These results are discussed in relation to the protection of stored grain in Australia.     

Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa protoxin and protease inhibitors against coleopteran storage pests

BACKGROUND: Environmental impacts and resistance to insecticides pose serious challenges to stored‐product insect and other types of pest control. Insect‐resistant transgenic grain is a potential alternative to fumigants, but candidate control proteins are needed, especially for coleopterans. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of a coleopteran‐active toxin, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa, with or without protease inhibitors, in laboratory feeding assays against coleopteran storage pests. RESULTS: In a comparison of the toxicity of Cry3Aa protoxin towards three species of coleopteran storage pests, Tenebrio molitor L. was found to be most sensitive, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) was most refractory and Rhyzopertha dominica F. displayed an intermediate response. For R. dominica, Cry3Aa combined with 3500 mg potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor or 5000 mg aprotinin kg^?1 diet resulted in both delayed development and increased mortality. Potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor and bovine aprotinin reduced the LC₅₀ of Cry3Aa for R. dominica two‐ and threefold respectively. Cry3Aa treatment resulted in fewer progeny from R. dominica, and progeny was further reduced when the protoxin was combined with potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that a combination of Cry3Aa protoxin and protease inhibitors, particularly a potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor, may have applications in control strategies for preventing damage to stored products and grains by coleopteran pests. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficacy of vaporised ethyl formate/carbon dioxide formulation against stored‐grain insects: effect of fumigant concentration,exposure time and two grain temperatures

BACKGROUND: The ethyl formate/carbon dioxide (CO₂) formulation Vapormate? is a rapid‐acting fumigant being developed for the control of stored‐grain insects. The effects have been investigated of concentration, exposure times of 1, 3, 24 and 72 h and two grain temperatures, 15 and 25 °C, on its efficacy against mixed‐stage cultures of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and strongly phosphine‐resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) strain QRD569. RESULTS: High mortalities (≥92%) of mixed‐stage cultures of all three species were obtained when grain was fumigated with the formulation (193 g m^?3 ethyl formate) for 1 h. Complete control of R. dominica QRD569 and T. castaneum was achieved with 63 and 76 g m^?3 ethyl formate respectively, with exposure for 24 h, whereas mean mortality of S. oryzae was 86% under the same conditions. Mortalities of S. oryzae juvenile stages were significantly lower than adults under the conditions tested, which was due to pronounced tolerance of mid‐stage pupae to the fumigant. Reducing grain temperature from 25 to 15 °C had no effect on insect mortality. CONCLUSION: Ethyl formate/CO₂ formulation is highly effective against stored‐grain insects over a range of concentrations and exposure times. Efficacious fumigations were conducted in as little as 1 h, and a strongly phosphine‐resistant R. dominica strain was readily controlled with the fumigant. Copyright © 2009 CSIRO, Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

Influence of killing agents and water on the capture of six coleoptera species in probe traps

The introduction of propylene glycol, DDVP and water inside perforated probe traps was evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness in trapping adults of six species of Coleoptera infesting stored cereals. Adults ofSitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Tenebroides mauritanicus, Rhyzopertha dominica andOryzaephilus surinamen-sis were placed in plastic cylindrical bins each containing 14 kg of wheat. One probe trap was then introduced into each container and the adults trapped were counted 72 h later. Experiments were conducted at two population densities, of 30 adults (approx. one insect per 0.5 kg of wheat) and 90 adults (approx. three adults per 0.5 kg of wheat) of each species per container. The highest percentage of adults trapped was observed forC. ferrugineus andT. castaneum, and the lowest forR. dominica andS. oryzae. No significant differences in number of adults captured (% of the total number of adults) was noted between the two population density levels. At the lower density, the presence of killing agents in the traps did not increase the captures significantly; on the other hand, at the higher density, the killing agents helped to increase significantly the catches of 5.oryzae, T. castaneum, T. mauritanicus andO. surinamensis, as compared with the catches in the control traps. No significant differences were noted forC. ferrugineus andR. dominica.     

Efficacy of layer treatment with methoprene for control of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) on wheat, rice and maize

BACKGROUND: Insect growth regulators are promising alternatives to traditional pesticides in stored grain. The efficacy of the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene was evaluated as a layer treatment in a laboratory experiment for control of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) in wheat, rice and maize. RESULTS: Adults of R. dominica were placed in vials containing 33, 26 and 29 g (to a depth of 6.5 cm) of wheat, rice and maize, respectively, that was entirely or partially treated with 1, 5 or 10 mg kg^?1 methoprene. In wheat and rice, the layer treatments were not as effective as the whole‐grain treatment, but there was decreased progeny production as the application rate increased. However, on maize the partial treatments were as effective as the whole‐grain treatment at 5 and 10 mg kg^?1. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that partial layer treatments with methoprene can be used to control R. dominica on maize but may not be effective for control of this species on wheat and rice. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Responses of phosphine-resistant strains of two stored-product insect pests to changing concentrations of phosphine

Abstract: The susceptibility of eggs, pupae and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), (both phosphine-resistant strains) to phosphine at fixed concentration-time (ct) products, with either constant or increasing or decreasing concentrations was studied at 25 (± 1)°C. At lower ct products, falling concentrations of phosphine generally caused reduced insect mortality in all the three exposure periods in the range 12 to 72 h. However, in R. dominica, both increasing and decreasing concentrations were less effective than constant concentrations. At higher ct products, no significant change in the mortality response was observed in either species after exposure to constant or changing concentrations. The findings indicate the need to maintain sufficiently high concentrations of phosphine until the end of the fumigation period.     

Insecticidal efficacy of beauveria bassiana,diatomaceous earth and fenitrothion against rhyzopertha dominica and tribolium castaneum on stored wheat

Bioassays were conducted in stored grains to evaluate the combined use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, diatomaceous earth (DE) and fenitrothion against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. The insecticide agents were applied to wheat as follows: the fungus at 1 × 10⁸ conidia/kg of wheat, DE at 3 g/kg of wheat and fenitrothion at a rate of 0.15 ml/kg of wheat (25% of field dose rate). Surviving insects and progeny production were monitored at thirty-day intervals until four months. For both insect species, significantly less progeny was produced on wheat treated with fenitrothion and DE + B. bassiana formulations in comparison with controls. The effect of insecticides on the grain damage, germination power of wheat and bulk density was also evaluated. After four months, B. bassiana mixed with DE reduced the damaged insect grains by 50% in comparison with both fenitrothion and control treatments. Trials using DE caused a reduction in bulk density while there were no significant differences for germination testing between treatments.     

Insecticidal efficacy of fipronil against four stored‐product insect pests: influence of commodity,dose, exposure interval,relative humidity and temperature

BACKROUND: Fipronil is an insecticidal pyrazole that is commonly used as an insecticide in field crops, urban pesticide and veterinary medicine, but there are no reports of its evaluation against stored‐product insects. Three series of laboratory bioassays were conducted to assess fipronil as a potential grain protectant against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Factors such as dose (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg fipronil kg^?1 grain), exposure interval (24 h, 48 h, 7 days and 14 days), temperature (20, 25 and 30 °C), relative humidity (RH; 55 and 65%) and commodity (wheat, maize, barley and paddy rice) were evaluated with regard to their impact on the insecticidal activity of fipronil. Progeny production was assessed after 64 days of exposure. RESULTS: At doses of < 1 mg fipronil kg^?1 grain, efficacy of fipronil was enhanced by an increase in temperature from 20 to 25 °C against S. oryzae or R. dominica for exposures of > 48 h and against T. confusum or P. truncatus for exposures of > 24 h. A further increase in temperature from 25 to 30 °C, although it enhanced efficacy at doses of < 1 mg fipronil kg^?1 grain against S. oryzae at all exposure intervals and against T. confusum after 7 days of exposure, it was negatively associated with efficacy against R. dominica or P. truncatus for exposures of > 24 h. By contrast, increase in RH did not have a significant impact on efficacy of fipronil. Although the performance of fipronil among the tested commodities was species dependent, this substance appeared to be less effective in paddy rice than in barley, maize and wheat. Regardless of the treated commodity, progeny production of all the tested species was almost suppressed with doses higher than 0.1 mg fipronil kg^?1 grain. CONCLUSIONS: Fipronil appeared to be a very effective alternative to the existing substances in stored‐grain protection at doses equal to or higher than 1 mg fipronil kg^?1 grain, and thus these doses require further evaluation in terms of safety for the consumer and residues on stored products. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beauveria bassiana</Emphasis> mixed with diatomaceous earth on mortality,mycosis and sporulation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhyzopertha dominica</Emphasis> on stored wheat

A laboratory assay was designed to determine the insecticidal efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) and diatomaceous earth (Diafil 610) against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). The fungus B. bassiana was applied at 2.23 × 10⁷, 2.23 × 10⁸ and 2.23 × 10⁹ conidia kg⁻¹ of wheat individually as well as mixed with 200 and 400 ppm of Diafil 610. The conditions for the trials were 30 ± 2^oC with 55% r.h. and the counts for mortality were made after 8, 16 and 24 d. All the dead adults were removed after each count and the vials were kept for the next 60 d to assess the emergence of the F₁ generation. The findings from these studies proved that the extended exposure interval and the highest combined dose rate of the entomopathogenic fungus and the diatomaceous earth gave the maximum mortality of the beetles. The emergence of the progeny was also highly suppressed where the maximum dose rate of the synergized treatments was applied. The rate of mycosis and sporulation in the cadavers of R. dominica was maximum where the low dose rates of B. bassiana were applied.