Chromosome Karyotypes of Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia and E. purpurea

Chromosome karyotypes of the most commonly cultivated and medicinally used Echinacea taxa, E. angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia and E. purpurea (L.) Moench., were analyzed. The chromosomes of both taxa are medium in length, ranging from 4.12 to 5.83 μm in E. angustifolia var. angustifolia and 3.99 to 6.08 μm in E. purpurea. No abrupt length changes in the chromosomes were noted. The karyotypes of the two species are generally similar, but a distinguishable feature exists in one pair of chromosomes. The centromere of chromosome pair 10 is subterminally located in E. purpurea, but terminally located in E. angustifolia var. angustifolia, which can be readily recognized in mitotic metaphase cell plates. This finding may provide useful information for Echinacea evolutionary, genetic, and breeding studies.     

Methods to overcome seed dormancy in Echinacea angustifolia DC

Some factors (light, prechilling, gibberellic acid, ethylene) affecting germination of seeds of Echinacea angustifolia DC. were investigated. Without any pretreatment, the seeds germinated better in darkness than in light, however, percentages germination were low in both cases. GA₃ did not increase germination in light. Prechilling for 7–15 days in light or in darkness hardly affected percentage germination but significantly increased the rate of germination. Ethephon during prechilling resulted in a large increase of percentage and rate of germination in light, but had hardly any effect on germination in darkness. The results showed that a prechilling treatment for about 11 days at 5°C in a 1 mM ethephon solution in continuous light, followed by a 2-week germination period in light (24 h per day) at 20/30°C, can induce >90% seed germination in E. angustifolia. The prechilling treatment in ethephon also increased the rate of germination.     

用浓硫酸处理窄叶野豌豆种子的发芽试验

窄叶野豌豆种子存在硬实现象,硬实种子不透水,在不经过处理的情况下,发芽率极低(8%)。为提高窄叶野豌豆种子的发芽率,采用98%的浓硫酸对窄叶野豌豆种子进行浸种处理。通过在不同温度下进行发芽可知,窄叶野豌豆种子发芽最适温度为10℃。在10℃温度条件下,经浓硫酸浸种处理10 min的种子发芽率达到100%,发芽势达到82%。用浓硫酸处理5~50 min的种子平均发芽率为95.8%,平均发芽势为68%;而不经浓硫酸处理的空白对照试验组发芽率仅为8%。     

Calcium-Boron Addition Promotes Pollen Germination and Fruit Set of Mango

Different concentrations of calcium and boron were investigated for their effects on pollen germination and fruit set in mango cv. Mahachanok grown for off-season production. A randomized complete block design utilizing five treatments (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mL/L 40% calcium (Ca) and 0.3% boron (B) with water as a control) with six replicates per treatment was used. The solution was sprayed onto trees at three stages, i.e., bud swell, floral development (also termed the “asparagus” stage), and before flower opening. Foliar application of Ca-B at a concentration of 3.0 mL/L exerted a significant stimulatory effect on pollen germination and pollen tube growth (P ≤ 0.05). This concentration also increased inflorescence length and the number of hermaphroditic inflorescences, and enhanced fruit set of mango cv. Mahachanok (P ≤ 0.05). Foliar application of the Ca-B solution at a concentration of 3.0 mL/L, therefore, generated positive effects with the trees producing more fruit and having greater productivity.     

混合盐碱胁迫对不同种源沙枣种子萌发的影响

以宁夏、甘肃2种种源的沙枣(Elaeagnus angusti foliaL.)种子为试材,将2种中性盐NaCl、Na2SO4和2种碱性盐NaHCO3、Na2CO3按不同比例混合成3种组合A(NaCl∶ Na2SO4=1∶1)、B(NaCl∶Na2SO4∶NaHCO3∶Na2CO3=1∶1∶1∶1)、C(NaHCO3∶Na2CO3=1∶1),设置5个浓度梯度(0％、0.3％、0.6％、0.9％、1.2％),比较了不同盐碱胁迫处理下沙枣种子的萌发情况,以期为沙枣种子萌发期的耐盐碱特性和沙枣的引种提供参考依据.结果 表明:在低浓度混合盐碱胁迫下对种子的萌发有促进作用,表现为种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数较对照组升高,随着混合盐碱浓度逐渐增加,其各指标呈下降趋势.不同类型盐碱对沙枣种子萌发的抑制程度不同,碱性盐胁迫＞中性盐胁迫＞混合盐碱胁迫.甘肃种源较宁夏种源表现出更好的耐盐碱性.     

Ethephon and the Delay of Early Budding in Chrysanthemums

Delayed flower bud formation was recorded when a single spray of 200 ppm ethephon was applied to rooted chrysanthemum cuttings three days after planting in long days. The cuttings were of three American garden cvs and an autumn-flowering cv known to bud readily in long days. The technique might be useful for propagators and growers of chrysanthemums to delay bud formation on stock plants and on rooted cuttings.     

乙烯利诱导雄全同株甜瓜形成雌花

以2份性型为雄花两性花同株(雄全同株)的薄皮甜瓜116和厚皮甜瓜A-2-3为试材,采取苗期喷施不同浓度乙烯利方法,研究其对性型的影响。结果表明,甜瓜幼苗4叶期喷施乙烯利100～200μL.L-12次能够稳定诱导开花初期两性花转化为雌花,果实成熟后单果种子数和种子发芽率与对照相差不大。     

狭叶薰衣草与羽叶薰衣草核型分析

 采用酶解去壁低渗法对狭叶薰衣草(Lavandula angustifolia Mill. ) 和羽叶薰衣草(L. pinnataL. ) 的体细胞染色体进行核型分析。结果表明: 狭叶薰衣草的核型公式为2n = 2x = 50 = 14m + 10 sm + st, 染色体相对长度组成为2n = 50 =L + 11M2 + 13M1, 染色体组型为“2A”型。羽叶薰衣草的核型公式为2n =2x = 22 = 6m + 5 sm ( SAT) , 染色体相对长度组成为2n = 22 = s + 6M1 + 2M2 + 2L, 属于“2B”型。     

乙烯利对夏秋茬黄瓜生长发育的影响

在黄瓜生产中,乙烯利主要是用来调节植株生长、早生雌花,增加雌花出现的频率和数目,且有明显的促雌效果.本试验利用8个黄瓜品种研究了乙烯利对黄瓜始花期、生长势、雌花节率、果实商品性状、前期产量、总产量等的影响.     

24个沙枣品种选繁试验研究

沙枣在河西走廊广泛栽培,多年来由于品种机械、生物学混杂及生境条件与栽培方法差异,造成品种严重退化。为进一步探索提高沙枣品种质量,选繁优良品种,开发综合利用价值,我们从沙枣的主要产区广泛收集沙枣品种资源,从原种的果实质量及容器育苗培育的高生长、地径、根系生长、生物产量等指标分析,结果表明代号为9、24、17、5号等品种表现良好。初步选定果肉经济型沙枣7个、抗逆速生型沙枣9个、二者兼备型沙枣5个品种为优良品种。本试验为定向培育经营提供沙枣种源依据。     

乙烯利处理对黄瓜叶片生理活性及品质的影响

关于乙烯利在黄瓜上的应用研究，前人往往局限于调查雌花数多少、第1雌花节位高低、抑制徒长、提高产量等方面，而乙烯利对黄瓜叶片生理活性及品质的影响尚未见报道。本试验旨在通过选用不同浓度的乙烯利，在不同栽培环境下，对不同苗龄的黄瓜幼苗进行处理，以探讨乙烯利处理对黄瓜叶片生理活性、产品品质的影响，为黄瓜高产优质高效栽培提供依据。     

乙烯利浸种对高羊茅耐旱性的影响

利用不同浓度梯度(0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%)的乙烯利处理高羊茅草种(科纳多),研究不同浓度的乙烯利对高羊茅株高、根冠比、叶绿素含量及叶片相对含水量各指标的影响.结果表明:随着乙烯利浓度的升高,高羊茅耐旱性逐渐提高,其中以0.2%的处理效果最佳,表现为颜色变绿、株高降低、根冠比增大、叶片相对含水量提高.     

引种紫锥菊中松果菊苷含量的分析测定

采集云南省蒙自市引种栽培的紫锥菊,以其根、茎、叶和头状花序为试材,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法研究了松果菊苷的定量分析方法,并对建立的分析技术进行方法学考察,运用该定量分析技术对紫锥菊中不同部位的松果菊苷含量进行测定。结果表明:松果菊苷含量在0.021～0.321μg范围内与峰面积之间呈良好的线性关系,平均加标回收率为93.24%,RSD值为1.28%;紫锥菊不同部位松果菊苷含量在0.075%～0.221%范围内,且叶、头状花序中松果菊苷含量显著高于根和茎中含量。建立的松果菊苷测定分析方法定性定量准确、可靠、重现性好,可用于紫锥菊药材中松果菊苷的质量评价;云南省蒙自市引种栽培生产的紫锥菊药材中松果菊苷含量较高,优于国外原产地及国内报道的引种栽培区。     

杏黄兜兰和硬叶兜兰的种子试管培养

 ：杏黄兜兰(Paphiopedilum armeniacum)和硬叶兜兰(P．micranthum)受粉后120 d和180 d的种子接种到1／4 MS，Ms，R，Kc，Vw 和花宝1号培养基 进行试管培养。低盐浓度的培养基较适宜兜兰种子萌发，R培养基效果最好，萌发率可达30％以上；果荚采收的时间对种子萌发有重要的影响；添加200 mL．I| 的椰子乳可促进种子萌发。育苗培养基中添加活性炭2 mg·L 和香蕉匀浆100 g。I 有利于种子苗生长。     

温度与乙烯利浓度对油梨催熟效果的影响

研究了不同温度和乙烯利浓度对油梨果实催熟效果的影响,结果表明：油梨果实催熟较为理想的温度及乙烯利浓度为20℃、500mg·kg^-1。     

不同倍性紫锥菊的性状比较及新种质的获得

采用同株系二倍体、四倍体、八倍体紫锥菊进行大田栽培试验,比较不同倍性紫锥菊的营养生长、生殖生长及多酚类成分指标,八倍体母株种子萌发后通过根尖染色体计数法进行倍性分析,以期为遗传基础理论研究和育种提供更多的材料选择。结果表明:随着倍性增加,株高变矮,叶长宽比和舌状花长宽比变小;每株分枝数以四倍体最高;一年生时二倍体的头状花序数和总花序数最多,显著高于四倍体和八倍体;二年生时四倍体的头状花序数和总花序数最多,显著高于二倍体和八倍体;二年生采收数据紫锥菊四倍体全株产量较八倍体高232.6%,二倍体全株产量较八倍体高187.1%;四倍体和八倍体的地上部、地下部总多酚含量、绿原酸含量、菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸含量均显著较二倍体高,八倍体地上部和地下部绿原酸含量、地上部菊苣酸含量显著高于四倍体;八倍体子代实生苗倍性鉴定得到五倍体和非整倍体。对紫锥菊而言,八倍体倍性太高,其产量和品质的综合性状不具备优势,但在作为种质资源方面具有价值;四倍体表现优良,较二倍体效益高;获得的五倍体和非整倍体材料,在生产和作为遗传改良桥梁种方面具有价值,是紫锥菊整倍性和非倍性材料创建的有益补充。     

蔬菜中乙烯利使用现状调查、残留量测定及安全性评价

对济宁市12个县市区随机抽样,调查乙烯利在蔬菜生产中的使用对象、使用方法、使用时期、使用浓度、使用目的及效果。采集蔬菜样品6次、6种、共68份,利用气相色谱法测定乙烯利的残留量。结果表明:乙烯利检出(含量≥0.01 mg/kg)59份,检出率86.76%,残留量较大的样品(≥2.00mg/kg)有3份,均是番茄。参照我国及其它多数国家和组织的残留限量标准(2 mg/kg),29份番茄样品合格率89.66%,其它5种蔬菜、39份样品参照美国的黄瓜残留限量标准(0.1mg/kg),合格率92.31%。     

Reduction of Oleocellosis Damage in Shamouti Orange Peel with Ethephon Preharvest Spray

Ethephon applied as a preharvest spray to Shamouti oranges at colour-break reduced fruit damage by oleocellosis. The best concentration was found to be 480 ppm when the spray was given 14–20 days before picking. Raising the pH of the spray solution to 7.0 did not lessen leaf drop nor improve the results of the original pH 2.6. The colour change at this concentration was highly correlated with the reduction of oleocellosis (–0.95), but the fruit still needed further ethylene degreening for about half the usual time. After 72 h postharvest degreening the treated fruit had a colour much closer to that reached naturally later in the season.     

草甘膦和乙烯利对糖能兼用甘蔗FN95-1702的催熟增糖效应

在糖能兼用甘蔗新品种FN95-1702生长盛期分别用0.03％草甘膦和0.04％乙烯利进行叶面喷施。结果表明：0.04％乙烯利对甘蔗蔗糖分的提高迟缓稳定,能显著提高蔗茎早期的蔗汁重力纯度,能在不抑制甘蔗继续生长的条件下实现稳定的催熟增糖效应;0.03％草甘膦更能显著提高蔗茎早期的甘蔗蔗糖分,对中期的蔗汁重力纯度的提高更有效,在抑制甘蔗继续生长的条件下实现催熟增糖效应。