栗山天牛的风险分析和风险管理

根据栗山天牛的生物学特性,采用国际植物检疫措施实施标准（ISPM）的有害生物风险分析（PRA）方法,建立栗山天牛风险分析评估厝型。结果表明,栗山天牛属于高风险有害生物,有迅速扩散的较大风险,因此提出相应的风险管理措施。     

四川省进境蓝莓种苗有害生物风险分析

随着近年来四川蓝莓产业逐步扩大,引入种苗的同时危险性有害生物传入的风险也随之增大,因此本文通过收集和分析蓝莓主要有害生物资料,依据国际植物检疫措施标准,对引进四川省的蓝莓种苗可能携带的有害生物进行风险评估,确定检疫有害生物8种,并提出了降低有害生物传入的风险管理措施.     

广东地区星天牛风险分析

星天牛（Anoplophora chinensis）是广东地区重要的蛀干害虫,主要危害木麻黄（Casuarina equisetifolia）和柑橘属（Citrus）植物。采用有害生物风险分析方法（PRA）,从分布和寄主、潜在的危害 性和经济影响、定殖扩散风险、危险性管理难度等方面对星天牛的危害风险进行了定性和定量分析。结 果显示星天牛在广东地区的风险值 R=1.77,属于中度危险性有害生物,建议加强风险管理。     

云斑天牛的风险分析及其防控对策

有害生物风险分析(Pest Risk Analysis, 简写PRA),主要包括有害生物风险评价(Pest Risk Assessment)和有害生物风险管理(Pest Risk Management)两部分[1-2].     

槐绿虎天牛风险分析

槐绿虎天牛是一种危害槐树幼龄林枝条的重要钻蛀害虫,寄主包括桦树、柳树、樱桃、枣树等多种具较高生态及经济价值的树种。适生性预测结果认为该虫在我国具有广泛的适生区域。定量风险评估结果认为该虫属于中度危险性林业有害生物,建议对该虫加强检疫管理。     

石家庄机场口岸入境旅客携带水果传带有害生物情况分析

该文通过统计分析石家庄机场旅检现场截获进境水果及检出有害生物的情况,分析口岸疫情分布特点,进而探讨石家庄口岸旅客携带水果的特点和检疫查验存在的问题,从而提出有效开展旅客携带物检疫查验工作的对策和建议。     

进口木材传带生物病疫的风险与对策

根据FAO制定的有害生物风险分析原则 ,按照传入的可能性、定殖的可能性、扩散的可能性和经济及生态影响 4个方面 ,对进口木材传带有害生物病疫的风险性进行了初步分析 ,据此提出风险管理对策。     

和硕县青杨天牛的发生情况及防治措施

青杨天牛虫害是自治区级补充检疫性有害生物,在新疆已广泛分布：乌鲁木齐、博尔塔拉、阿克苏、伊犁、阿勒泰、塔城、昌吉、哈密等地、州、市均有危害。主要以幼虫危害杨树枝干,时常加害2、3年生苗木和幼树的主梢,在苗圃和幼林中易造成重大损失。危害时间从5月下旬直至10月上旬,被害处形成纺锤形瘿瘤,以致使枝梢干枯风折,造成树冠畸形,呈秃头状,影响成材。传播途径主要以各虫态借助于寄主的苗木、插条、接穗或幼树调运作远距离传播。     

广元市松褐天牛危害情况调查

松褐天牛分布十分广泛,采用标准地调查法和查迹法,开展了广元市松褐天牛危害情况、海拔高度、林分组成等全域指标调查和危害程度评价。结果表明:(1)该区域松褐天牛的危害与树种关系密切,其危害以马尾松、油松和华山松为主;(2)松材线虫分布与林分结构、海拔及林分因子密切相关,与人为因素也有一定关系;(3)松褐天牛危害程度在该区域为中度及以下,个别区域达到严重危害程度,应当采取相应措施予以防控。     

杨树天牛的危害及防治

我省江淮及淮北地区杨树天牛危害以光肩星天牛和桑天牛为主.光肩星天牛在我省一般为一年1代,极少为两年1代.上一年11月间以不同龄期幼虫在隧道内或皮下越冬,当年4月下旬在隧道末端向四周扩散,用木屑作成化蛹室,6月中旬至7月中旬为成虫羽化盛期,7～9月为成虫飞翔期,取食枝条顶端叶脉及嫩枝皮,7月上旬初孵幼虫先啃食树皮下韧皮部组织,排出红褐色粪便.桑天牛在我省一般为两年1代,幼虫钻蛀杨树髓心形成直通的虫道,且排粪孔多,等距离排列在同一方位,可蛀至根部深处.成虫取食枝条皮部,以后边取食边产卵.     

两种马尾松林天牛群落的结构与种群动态

应用蛀干类害虫引诱剂,分别在两种不同类型的马尾松林内监测天牛种类、群落结构,探讨主要天牛成虫的种群数量动态规律。结果表明,富阳市东山村马尾松次生混交林和淳安县姥山马尾松种子园分别有20和12种天牛。前者的天牛物种数高于后者,而钻蛀松树天牛物种个体数后者高于前者。蛀松天牛种类有松墨天牛、短角幽天牛、松幽天牛和薄翅锯天牛。前者松林内松墨天牛为优势虫种,短角幽天牛为亚优势虫种;后者松林内短角幽天牛为优势虫种,松墨天牛为亚优势虫种;樟泥色天牛均为两地松林内的伴生虫种。     

进境原木上截获的落叶松大小蠹及其扩散风险浅析

2006年,莆田口岸先后几次从美国阿拉斯加进口原木中截获到一种大小蠹,经鉴定复核,确定为落叶松大小蠹(Den-droctonus simplexLeconte)。该种在国内未见分布和相关研究报道。本文详细描述了落叶松大小蠹的形态特征、地理分布、寄主植物、生物学特性及危害等,并对其检疫重要性进行了分析。     

进口木片码头工程及其工艺设备研究

论述木片码头工程设计必备资料及设计要点，以及如何确定木片运输船卸船工艺及其技术设备的选择。以便我国筹建第一座现代化木片码头工程规划、设计之借鉴。     

江苏木材加工产业市场集中度统计与分析

基于集中度指标,分别对江苏木材加工企业和木材加工产品的市场集中度进行了统计分析。结果表明:江苏木材加工企业的集中度处于低度位或极低度位,但木材加工产品已经形成了一定的区域集聚;在此基础上提出促进江苏木材加工产业规模效益提升的具体建议。     

OPTIMIZATION OF WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE PROCESS BY PERT

In this paper we use the method of Program Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)to analyze an actual example,Square stool manufacture line in Harbin Longjiang WoodProducts Factory,treated it by computer,and come to the conclusion as follows:1.PERT can helpus to see the full activity in all process clearly which is not easy to see clearly at the noisy and com-plex manufacture line.2.It shows the critical production efficiently.3.It can help us tochoose the best one from many wood product models.PERT would be helping us to establish a ra-tional and complete wood products manufacture managementsystem.     

Saproxylic beetles in high stumps and residual downed wood on clear-cuts and in forest edges

Abstract

This study evaluates how the placement and the different possible outcomes of a spruce retention tree affected species richness and assemblages of spruce-associated saproxylic beetles. In a field experiment in the boreal zone of central Norway, high stumps were created and compared with residual wood pieces (i.e. top boles with branches), in clear-cuts versus in forest edges. Flight interception traps were mounted close to the substrate. The results were analysed using rarefaction techniques, ordination (DCA) and anova. It was found that the placement of retention trees of spruce does matter: beetle assemblages were significantly different in stumps in the four treatments. For all species pooled, the species richness was higher in stumps in clear-cuts than in stumps or boles in the forest edge. Four red-listed species were more abundant near stumps than boles, and two red-listed species were more abundant in clear-cuts than forest edge. To cater for the variety of habitat preferences among forest beetles in managed forest, managers should leave both standing spruce trees (many of which will end up as windthrown, downed boles) and some high stumps (to secure some upright dead wood), in both exposed clear-cut and semi-shaded forest edge.     

Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

We provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining plant health by reducing physiological stress is the first recommendation for long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs and trap trees of selected species can be used to monitor Xylosandrus species. Conventional pest control methods are mostly ineffective against Xylosandrus beetles because of the pests’ broad host range and rapid spread. Due to challenges with conventional control, more innovative control approaches are being tested, such as the optimization of the push–pull strategy based on specific attractant and repellent combinations, or the use of insecticide-treated netting. Biological control based on the release of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, as well as the use of antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation in real field conditions. Overall, we suggest that management efforts should primarily focus on reducing plant stress and potentially be combined with a multi-faceted approach for controlling Xylosandrus damage.

     

A review on natural products as wood protectant

Traditional wood protection methods employ chemicals that are considered toxic and can adversely affect human health and the environment. Fortunately, serious efforts are being made globally to develop alternative protection methods based on natural products with little or no toxicity, but the progress in implementation of the technologies has been slow because of certain limitations, including discrepancies between laboratory and field performance of natural products, variability in their efficacy related to exposure/environmental conditions, and legislation difficulties due to disagreements globally on setting standards defining the quality of their performance and use. The focus of this review is to present information on the natural compounds that have shown promise for wood protection, and the information is presented under defined interactive categories. In closing, some thoughts are presented on potential use of rapidly evolving technologies, such as nano- and gene-technologies that can lead to significant advances, particularly from the consideration of specificity of natural products and their economic value.     

林木危险性害虫花曲柳窄吉丁风险分析

对花曲柳窄吉丁分布与管理现状、寄主植物状况、适应性与抗逆性、传播渠道、天敌分布状况与制约能力、危害状况与影响、检疫和防治难度进行分析,并按照林业有害生物风险分析指标体系和评判标准对其进行定量评估,结果表明:该害虫风险性R值为2.07,在我国属高度危险林业有害生物。提出了加强白蜡树种引种监管和检疫检验、重视本土白蜡树种的抗虫作用、加强监测调查等风险管理对策。