布鲁菌外膜蛋白Omp31原核表达及抗原性分析

克隆羊布鲁菌的外膜蛋白Omp31基因,在大肠埃希菌中表达、纯化,并对Omp31蛋白的抗原性进行分析。以羊布鲁菌的染色体DNA为模板,扩增Omp31基因,双酶切后克隆至pET32a上,在大肠埃希菌ER2566(DE3)中诱导表达,组氨酸结合树脂柱纯化,Western blot鉴定Omp31蛋白的抗原性。将Omp31克隆至载体pET32a,提取的重组质粒经PCR鉴定、双酶切鉴定和测序分析确定目的基因成功插入到了克隆载体中。将重组质粒转化于大肠埃希菌ER2566(DE3)中表达获得HIS融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析证明,表达产物为43 ku的融合蛋白。Western blot结果表明,表达的蛋白具有与布鲁菌外膜蛋白相同的抗原性。     

布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白2b基因的克隆、原核表达及蛋白生物信息学分析

本试验旨在克隆布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白2b（Omp2b）基因并进行原核表达和蛋白的生物信息学分析。根据布鲁氏菌M5-90株外膜蛋白Omp2b基因序列设计引物,以布鲁氏菌基因组为模板,通过PCR技术扩增得到Omp2b基因片段,回收纯化后,将此片段连接入pMD20-T质粒,将该重组质粒转化E.coli DH5α感受态细胞,挑取阳性克隆菌提取质粒后,送公司测序。将该片段亚克隆入pET28a载体,构建pET28a-Omp2b表达载体,转化E.coli BL21（DE3）菌株,IPTG诱导其表达,用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析鉴定此蛋白。运用DNAMAN、BioEdit等各种工具软件对Omp2b基因编码的氨基酸序列进行分析。结果显示,成功克隆了Omp2b基因,其开放阅读框为1041 bp,编码347个氨基酸;构建了pET28a-Omp2b原核表达载体,并在E.coli BL21（DE3）中成功表达了Omp2b基因,表达蛋白约38 ku;Omp2b蛋白二级结构中α-螺旋、伸展链、β-折叠和无规卷曲分别占20.17%、26.22%、5.76%和47.84%。     

流产型布鲁菌Omp10、Omp25蛋白的表达纯化与鉴定

获得高纯度具有生物学活性的重组布鲁菌Omp10、Omp25融合蛋白,并进行抗原性的分析。将用PCR扩增出的布鲁菌Omp10、Omp25基因片段分别克隆到原核表达载体pET-32α中,构建pET-32α-Omp10/Omp25原核表达质粒。将其转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）PlysS中,用IPTG诱导表达,经HisTrap HP亲和层析柱分离纯化,分别用Western-blot和间接ELISA检测产物的抗原性。基因测序及酶切鉴定证明pET-32α-Omp10/Omp25原核表达载体构建成功。SDS-PAGE表明,Omp10、Omp25融合蛋白均以包涵体的形式在大肠杆菌中高效表达。经过包涵体的变性、复性及亲和层析纯化,成功获得了大小分别为34 000和44 000的融合蛋白,与预测的相对蛋白分子质量一致。Western和间接ELISA试验证明纯化的Omp10、Omp25融合蛋白能被免疫的牛布鲁菌阳性血清所识别。结果表明,成功获得了布鲁菌Omp10、Omp25融合蛋白,且均具有一定的免疫原性,通过血清学反应证实,Omp10、Omp25蛋白为布鲁菌病临床诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白16基因的克隆及原核表达

为了成功克隆外膜蛋白16(outer membrane proteins 16, Omp16)基因并对其进行原核表达,试验根据GenBank中羊布鲁氏菌M5-90株外膜蛋白Omp16基因序列(登录号:JF918760.1)设计1对引物,从布鲁氏菌基因组中扩增出大小约为507 bp的目的基因片段,凝胶回收纯化目的片段,连接入pMD20-T质粒,转化E.coli DH5α并测序,测序正确后再亚克隆入pET-28a(+)表达载体,构建重组质粒pET-Omp16,转化入E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导其表达,最后用Western blotting分析方法鉴定诱导得到的蛋白。结果表明,成功构建了pET-Omp16原核表达载体,并在E.coli BL21中表达了Omp16基因,诱导得到的蛋白经鉴定与目的蛋白大小一致,证明成功表达了目的基因。     

蓝舌病病毒VP7蛋白的原核表达及免疫原性鉴定

为获得蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue virus,BTV)25型的VP7原核表达蛋白,本试验以蓝舌病病毒重组质粒为模板,PCR扩增VP7基因,将其克隆于pET-24b(+)表达载体中,获得pET-24b-BTV-VP7重组质粒。经酶切和测序鉴定后,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)受体菌,IPTG诱导表达His-BTV-VP7蛋白。在变性条件下用镍亲和层析柱纯化His-BTV-VP7蛋白,经Western blotting及ELISA鉴定其免疫原性。结果显示,His-BTV-VP7蛋白以包涵体形式表达,大小约为40 ku;Western blotting和ELISA检测此原核表达蛋白能与山羊阳性血清发生特异性反应,具有良好的免疫原性。本研究为后续建立蛋白芯片检测方法奠定了基础。     

猪NLRP6蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

试验旨在表达、纯化猪NLRP6蛋白,并制备鼠抗NLRP6多克隆抗体。根据猪NLRP6全基因核苷酸序列（GenBank登录号：XM_003124236.4）设计特异性引物,利用PCR方法从pMD-19T-NLRP6重组载体中扩增NLRP6基因片段,将扩增产物与原核表达载体pET-32a（+）连接,获得重组质粒pET-32a-NLRP6,经抗性筛选阳性菌、双酶切鉴定、PCR及测序分析后,将其转化大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）感受态细胞中,并进行IPTG诱导表达及Western blotting鉴定。对获得的重组融合蛋白进行可溶性分析,经变性、镍柱亲和纯化、复性后得到纯化的融合蛋白,将其免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体。结果显示,试验成功克隆大小约为576 bp的NLRP6基因序列,经鉴定重组质粒pET-32a-NLRP6构建正确,通过IPTG诱导获得大小约34 ku的NLRP6重组融合蛋白,Western blotting分析表明其与小鼠抗6×His单克隆抗体呈阳性反应。可溶性分析结果显示,NLRP6重组融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在,约占95%。纯化的NLRP6重组融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠获得多克隆抗体,经Western blotting分析显示出特异性反应。本试验成功制备了具有免疫原性的NLRP6蛋白及其鼠源多克隆抗体,为NLRP6蛋白生物学功能及相关疾病致病机制研究提供了基础材料。     

猪NLRP6蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

试验旨在表达、纯化猪NLRP6蛋白,并制备鼠抗NLRP6多克隆抗体。根据猪NLRP6全基因核苷酸序列(GenBank登录号:XM_003124236.4)设计特异性引物,利用PCR方法从pMD-19T-NLRP6重组载体中扩增NLRP6基因片段,将扩增产物与原核表达载体pET-32a(+)连接,获得重组质粒pET-32a-NLRP6,经抗性筛选阳性菌、双酶切鉴定、PCR及测序分析后,将其转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞中,并进行IPTG诱导表达及Western blotting鉴定。对获得的重组融合蛋白进行可溶性分析,经变性、镍柱亲和纯化、复性后得到纯化的融合蛋白,将其免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体。结果显示,试验成功克隆大小约为576 bp的NLRP6基因序列,经鉴定重组质粒pET-32a-NLRP6构建正确,通过IPTG诱导获得大小约34 ku的NLRP6重组融合蛋白,Western blotting分析表明其与小鼠抗6×His单克隆抗体呈阳性反应。可溶性分析结果显示,NLRP6重组融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在,约占95%。纯化的NLRP6重组融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠获得多克隆抗体,经Western blotting分析显示出特异性反应。本试验成功制备了具有免疫原性的NLRP6蛋白及其鼠源多克隆抗体,为NLRP6蛋白生物学功能及相关疾病致病机制研究提供了基础材料。     

猪细小病毒6型ORF2基因的截短表达及多克隆抗体制备

【目的】原核截短表达猪细小病毒6型(Porcine parvovirus type 6,PPV6)ORF2基因,并制备PPV6 VP1₍(348 aa-675 aa))蛋白多克隆抗体,为后续研究该蛋白的生物学功能提供材料。【方法】以PPV6分离毒株基因组为模板,PCR扩增获得ORF2截短基因片段,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET30a(+)中构建重组质粒pET30a-PPV6-ORF2。经酶切和测序鉴定后,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定纯化后重组蛋白。将纯化后的重组蛋白与弗氏佐剂混匀乳化,免疫新西兰大耳白兔制备多克隆抗体,采用Western blotting、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)和间接ELISA鉴定免疫兔血清特异性。【结果】成功构建了pET30a-PPV6-ORF2重组表达载体,原核截短表达了PPV6 VP1₍(348 aa-675 aa))蛋白;SDS-PAGE结果显示,重组PPV6 VP1₍     

结核分枝杆菌ACR蛋白的原核表达及纯化

为获得区别结核感染状态的血清学鉴别诊断试剂的抗原,根据GenBank中登录的结核杆菌H37Rv的ACR基因序列设计1对引物,以热灭活的结核杆菌H37Rv菌悬液为模板,PCR扩增得到ACR基因DNA片段.将扩增片段克隆于pGM-T载体中,得到载体pGM-T-ACR.分别将pET32a质粒和pGM-T-ACR质粒用限制性内切酶BamH Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ双酶切,并将纯化的ACR基因亚克隆至pET32a中,获得重组表达质粒pET32a-ACR.将其转化E.coli BL21 IPTG诱导后,经SDS-PAGE、western blot分析鉴定,可见约34 ku的外源蛋白带.表明ACR基因在大肠杆菌中得到了表达.用Ni-NTA Agarose试剂盒进行蛋白纯化,获得纯化的ACR融合蛋白.     

山羊β雌激素受体多克隆抗体的制备及免疫组化方法的建立

本研究旨在克隆济宁青山羊雌激素受体β(ERβ)基因,进行原核表达,制备多克隆抗体,建立免疫组化分析方法,检测济宁青山羊卵巢和子宫内ERβ分布。根据GenBank发布的绵羊ERβ基因序列设计一对引物,应用RT-PCR方法从济宁青山羊卵巢组织中扩增ERβ部分基因。经双酶切和测序分析后,连接到原核表达载体pET32a(+),构建重组表达载体pET32a(+)-ERβ,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析鉴定;经Ni-NTA纯化融合蛋白后免疫新西兰大白兔,制备多克隆抗体,并检测抗体效价及特异性;使用该抗体检测济宁青山羊卵巢和子宫组织细胞中的ERβ分布。结果表明,成功扩增出ERβ部分基因,并构建原核表达质粒,转化至大肠杆菌中表达出相对分子质量约为53ku的融合蛋白;Western blotting证明该融合蛋白能与兔抗人的ERβ多克隆抗体特异性反应。制备的多克隆抗体经ELISA检测效价达到1∶213,以此抗体代替购置的标准兔抗人ERβ抗体,进行Western blotting反应,特异性良好;使用该抗体建立免疫组化方法检测结果表明济宁青山羊卵巢颗粒细胞和子宫内膜上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞存在ERβ的分布。本研究获得特异性兔抗山羊ERβ多克隆抗体,使用该抗体建立免疫组化方法首次报道了济宁青山羊卵巢和子宫ERβ的分布表达,为进一步研究β雌激素受体的生物学功能奠定了方法学和形态学基础。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.