广州输入性花卉蓟马的种类组成及种群动态分析

西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是一种世界性的入侵害虫,近年来传入我国并迅速扩散蔓延,持续监测广州市输入性花卉中蓟马的种类组成及种群动态,对西花蓟马的早期监测预警具有重要的意义。2011年4月-2013年7月对广州市岭南花卉市场玫瑰、百合、康乃馨三种输入性花卉的蓟马种类及种群动态进行系统调查,利用用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对蓟马若虫的表皮碳氢化合物进行分析。结果表明:广州地区输入性花卉上蓟马包括西花蓟马F.occidentalis、烟蓟马Thrips tabaci、花蓟马F.intonsa、黄蓟马T.flavidulus 4种,其中西花蓟马是蓟马优势种,而康乃馨是携带西花蓟马的主要花卉品种。西花蓟马在康乃馨上常年发生,成虫种群消长呈单峰型,高峰期在6-8月,冬季最少。此外,康乃馨上蓟马若虫的各色谱峰保留值与西花蓟马若虫的基本一致,比例为83.33%。     

西花蓟马天敌种类及主要种类的控害潜能

西花蓟马[Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)]是国际上备受关注的检疫性有害生物,近年来该虫分布范围不断扩大,对农作物、园林园艺植物的危害日趋加重,发挥天敌对该虫的自然控制作用已引起人们广泛重视。本文根据国内外研究报道,总结和记述了西花蓟马的天敌种类及其主要种类对西花蓟马的控制作用。西花蓟马的天敌约有60种,其中天敌昆虫50种,昆虫病原线虫5种,虫生真菌5种。同时,对主要天敌种类小花蝽、昆虫病原线虫和虫生真菌对西花蓟马的捕食寄生及控制潜力进行了阐述。     

云南石榴蓟马种类组成及其种群动态

2007-2008年对云南甜石榴和酸石榴两种石榴上蓟马种类及其种群动态进行了系统调查、标本采集、种类鉴定。结果表明,为害石榴的蓟马有10种,分别为西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、丽花蓟马(F.intonsa)、黄蓟马(Thripsflavus)、黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、烟蓟马(T.tabaci)、茶黄硬蓟马(Scirto-thrips dorsalis)、端大蓟马(Megalurothrips distalis)、华简管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis)和Thripssp.,其中西花蓟马是云南石榴蓟马的优势种。不同石榴品种上蓟马种类不同,甜石榴上有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、黄胸蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马和蓟马属1种,酸石榴上蓟马种类有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马、华简管蓟马和蓟马属1种,黄胸蓟马仅在甜石榴上发生为害。在石榴不同生育时期,发生为害不同,其中成虫和若虫集中为害花,造成麻点特征。     

辣椒田蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫种类与时间生态位

为明确辣椒田蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫种类和发生规律?于2019年和2020年对昆明市盘龙区辣椒田的蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫的种类及种群数量进行了调查, 并进行了时间生态位分析?结果表明, 辣椒田蓟马种类共有10种, 优势种为西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis?黄蓟马Thrips flavus?八节黄蓟马T. flavidulus和花蓟马F. intonsa, 其中西花蓟马的优势度最高, 两年分别为0.593和0.551; 主要捕食性天敌昆虫有南方小花蝽Orius similis?二叉小花蝽O. bifilarus和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis, 其中南方小花蝽优势度最高, 两年分别为0.759和0.728?两年中, 西花蓟马的种群数量随时间变化波动幅度最大, 在7月中上旬数量最高值两年分别为66.5头/m2和61.5头/m2, 而捕食性天敌昆虫活动高峰时间滞后于蓟马?2019年黄蓟马时间生态位宽度最高, 为0.80; 2020年八节黄蓟马时间生态位宽度最高, 为0.87?黄蓟马和八节黄蓟马同其他优势种蓟马的生态位重叠指数高, 两种蓟马在时间序列上活动情况相似?3种捕食性天敌的时间生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数相近, 在辣椒田存在一定的竞争作用?辣椒田蓟马发生量大且种类呈现多样性, 其中西花蓟马种群数量较高, 应着重对其进行防治?南方小花蝽?二叉小花蝽?异色瓢虫是控制辣椒蓟马的主要捕食性天敌昆虫, 在辣椒花期前以及各种农事操作时尽可能保护其种群数量, 增强天敌对蓟马的自然控害功能?     

西花蓟马传播病毒病的研究进展

西花蓟马［Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)］是一种世界性的重要农业害虫,目前在69个国家和地区已有报道。西花蓟马能以持久性的方式传播番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)的病毒,所传播病毒造成的经济损失远远大于其本身所造成的损失。因此,许多学者对西花蓟马及其传播的番茄斑萎病毒属病毒进行了大量研究。本文主要综述了近年来西花蓟马传播病毒的种类、番茄斑萎病毒属病毒的结构以及西花蓟马的传毒机制等方面的研究进展。     

不同颜色色板对西花蓟马的诱集效果比较

实验调查了西花蓟马对天蓝、黄、褐、紫4种颜色色板的趋性,结果显示,蓝色单一颜色色板对西花蓟马的诱集力显著高于其他几种颜色.在颜色混配中,蓝:黄=5:1,诱集到的西花蓟马数量大于蓝色单一颜色色板.在大田中,可以用蓝色单一颜色色板或是蓝:黄=5:1搭配色对西花蓟马进行诱集.可用黄色单一颜色色板对西花蓟马的暴发做预测预报.     

西藏发现重要外来入侵害虫——西花蓟马

西花蓟马是一种世界性的重要害虫,中国大陆地区2003年首次在北京发现并报道.作者对拉萨市区及堆龙德庆县蔬菜上采集到的蓟马进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,证明此种蓟马为西花蓟马,这是西花蓟马在西藏发生的首次报道.     

贵州省蔬菜蓟马种类调查研究

2006～2007年对贵州省蔬菜地蓟马的种类和寄主范围作了较系统地调查.结果表明,在蔬菜上的蓟马共3科17属27种,其中贵州省新记录10种.同时,在贵阳地区还发现了2003年侵入我国的西花蓟马[Frankliniella occi-dentalis(Pergande)].编制了贵州省蔬菜蓟马种类成虫检索表.     

京、浙、滇地区植物蓟马种类及其分布调查

对北京、浙江、云南等3个地区植物上蓟马的种类及其分布进行了调查。调查结果表明,3个地区的蓟马种类较为相似,花蓟马、烟蓟马、黄胸蓟马、腹小头蓟马、西花蓟马和稻蓟马是3个地区共有的种类。其中花蓟马的分布最广、数量也最丰富,是最为常见的蓟马种类;新入侵的害虫西花蓟马在北京和云南地区已呈广泛分布状态,其发展动向值得高度关注。     

入侵种西花蓟马与本地近缘种花蓟马的双基因鉴定

快速准确的害虫种类识别是有效筛选天敌昆虫开展靶向性生物防控的关键。入侵种西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis与本地种花蓟马F.intonsa常同域同期同种寄主上发生,因体型小、形态相似,难以快速准确鉴定。本研究以mt DNA COI与r DNA ITS2基因为标记对我国10个采样点的西花蓟马和花蓟马开展分子鉴定研究。结果显示,当以COI或ITS2基因为靶标时,西花蓟马与花蓟马间的平均遗传距离分别为0.221和0.113,是种内遗传距离的22.1和18.8倍,且种内、种间遗传距离间无重叠,并在系统发育树上聚为独立的分支,表明2种基因均可准确区分西花蓟马和花蓟马。此外,基于COI基因构建的系统发育树,西花蓟马的各单倍型聚为了2个亚分支,并分别对应温室品系和羽扇豆品系,表明COI基因还可用于西花蓟马品系的识别鉴定。研究结果对近缘种花蓟马的快速鉴定、专食性天敌昆虫的筛选,及其生防效果评价具有重要意义。     

中国长角蓟马属种类及一中国新记录种记述

本文记述了长角蓟马属 Franklinothrips 中国已知的5种:大长角蓟马 F.megalops?斯氏长角蓟马 F.strasseni?铃木氏长角蓟马 F.suzukii?谭氏长角蓟马 F.tani 和蜂形长角蓟马 F.vespiformis ?详细描述了中国新记录种——斯氏长角蓟马 F.strasseni 的形态鉴别特征, 并对该种雄虫进行首次描述?编制了长角蓟马属中国已知种类检索表, 玻片标本保存于云南农业大学植物保护学院昆虫系?     

Activity of extracts from Euphorbia species on the germination of Striga species

Aqueous extracts of fifteen Euphorbia species induced germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. seeds to varying extents. Extracts from E. supina Raf., E. pilulifera Jacq., E. acalyphoides Hochst. ex. Boiss, E. prunifolia (Jacq.) Hort. Schoent., E. hirta L., E. aegyptiaca Boiss, E. splendens Boj., and E. granulata Forsk, were the most active. Extracts from E. acalyphoides and E. pilulifera were inhibitory at high concentrations. Undiluted extracts from E. pilulifera, E. aegyptiaca and E. hirta induced haustorial initiation. The stimulatory substance(s) were widely distributed in plants of E. aegyptiaca. Extracts from E. aegyptiaca also stimulated seed germination and haustorial initiation in a range of Striga species and strains.     

江西白锈菌属(Albugo)真菌

白锈菌属Albugo，隶属于菌物界Mycosyste。真菌门EUmycota鞭毛菌亚门Mistigomycotina卵菌纲mmycetes霜霉目Peronospord。白锈菌科Albuginaceae，该科仅一届，均为高等植物地上部分的专性寄生菌，其寄主专化性强。由于在寄主上产生白色状抱子难，症状象锈病，故称白锈菌。至90年代初，世界上已知白锈菌属约有45种及10个变种和生理型，主要为害草本被子植物。我国已知白锈菌约15种。造成经济损失较大的有十字花科的白锈菌、菜菜白锈菌和苋菜白锈菌。据有关资料报道，1979年广西桂林发现苋白锈，Albugo，bliti为害凹头党，发病株率高达94％…     

Pathogenicity of 21 newly described Phytophthora species against seven Western Australian native plant species

The pathogenicity of some Phytophthora species recently described from Western Australia, together with P. cinnamomi as a control, was tested against seven Western Australian native plant species in the glasshouse. Host species were Banksia grandis, B. littoralis, B. occidentalis, Casuarina obesa, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata and Lambertia inermis. Twenty‐two Phytophthora species were grown on a vermiculite, millet seed and V8 substrate and used as soil inoculum when the plant hosts were approximately 3 months old. Pathogenicity was assessed after 6 weeks and plants were scored for death, root damage, and percentage reduction of shoot growth compared with control plants. The pathogenicity of P. cinnamomi was confirmed. Phytophthora niederhauserii was shown to be similar to P. cinnamomi in pathogenicity and of concern ecologically. Other species that killed one or more hosts were P. boodjera, P. constricta, P. elongata, P. moyootj and P. rosacearum, while P. condilina, P. gibbosa, P. gregata, P. litoralis and P. ‘personii’ caused significant reduction to shoot and/or root growth, but did not kill plants. Host species susceptible to the highest number of Phytophthora species were B. grandis, B. littoralis, B. occidentalis and E. marginata. No Phytophthora species tested killed C. calophylla.     

Anthracnose of Madagascar periwinkle caused by species belonging to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex

Severe blight of stems was found on Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) in Shizuoka and Okinawa prefectures, Japan, in July 2003 and September 2004, respectively. Similar fungi were isolated from the diseased plants. The isolated fungi caused the disease after inoculation and subsequently were reisolated from diseased tissues. The fungi were identified as species closely related to C. siamense or C. tropicale according to sequences of the β-tubulin-2 gene, indicating that they belong to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. This is the first report specifying the genetic relationships of the pathogens of Madagascar periwinkle anthracnose in the complex.     

Three novel species of fungi associated with pine species showing needle blight-like disease symptoms

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Pine needle diseases, such as red band and brown spot needle blight, are serious pine diseases that threatens forests in many countries. Several outbreaks have...     

Armillaria species in northern Britain

Five species of Armillaria, A. borealis, A. cepistipes, A. ostoyae. A. mellea and A. lutea , were identified among 145 isolates collected from sites in northern Britain. Most of the collection sites were in coniferous woodland containing dead or dying trees and A. ostoyae , a well-known pathogen of conifers, was the most frequently isolated species. Two species believed to be weakly pathogenic, A cepistipes and A. lutea , were also commonly found; the former has only rarely been recorded in Britain before. The significance of the records is discussed.     

外来物种入侵生态学

<正>外来物种入侵已成为21世纪5大全球性环境变化问题之一,也是全球关注的焦点问题之一(Mack et al.,2000)。外来入侵物种的迅速增加以及种群扩张严重威胁着本地的生物多样性、生态安全以及生态系统功能。随着世界各国贸易交流的日益密切和我国对外开放的不断扩大,外来物种高发、频发、多发,并逐步演化成为制约生态环境和社会经济发展     

Two new species of Bipolaris

Two new fungal species, Bipolaris secalis , isolated from rye seed, and B. triticalis , isolated from triticale seed, arc described and shown to reduce germination of rye seed.