种鹅选种注意啥？

1加强种鹅的选择 种鹅的选择对提高饲养种鹅的经济效益至关重要。养鹅专业户一般在每年6～7月份开始从3月份孵出的鹅苗中选留种鹅。此时鹅还没有完全发育成熟，应在11月份再进行一次选优去劣，应当选留羽毛紧贴．结构紧凑，体型较大健康的后备鹅留作种用。公鹅应当选择体型魁伟、头颈及嘴较长、精神饱满。对公鹅存有生殖器官发育不全。阴茎畸形，不能建立性条件反射等疾患的公鹅，不能留作种用。应当选留阴茎发育好．能建立性条件反射、精液质量优的公鹅留种。母鹅应当选留颈部粗短、脚矮、背部呈方型的鹅并按其品种的标准体重选留，淘汰发育不良和体型过小的鹅，如太湖鹅的体重与产蛋数、蛋重的相关性极显著，通过选留体重大的种鹅从而提高种鹅的产蛋量。     

鹌鹑和鹑蛋的烹饪技术

鹌鹁由于驱体肥满,肉味鲜美,具有独特的清香味,自古以来,就是食中珍品,宴中佳肴;鹁蛋色彩斑斓,蛋质细腻,营养丰富,更是高级宴会中必不可少的珍品。近几年来,我国许多大城市的高级饭店,还开创了“百鹁宴”、“全鹁席”等以鹌鹁和鹁蛋为主的宴席,既有佐酒的花色拼盘,又有各式热炒和羹汤、点。咸、甜、酸、辣、香五味俱全,色、香、味、形完备,为丰富多彩的中国宴席锦上添花。     

种鹌鹑的选择与配种技术

<正>1种鹌鹑的选择种鹌鹑无论公母,都应选三代以内、发育良好、无疾病、体重在120g以上且体形丰满的鹌鹑。优良种鹑要求眼大小适中,目光稳而有神,颈细长,头小圆,肌肉丰满,羽毛有光泽,用手握时显得温顺。     

肉用青山羊选种技术

青山羊是我省优良地方品种,也是我国乃至全世界宝贵的山羊品种资源,以其味道鲜美,风味纯正,高繁多胎、轻柔薄暖的青猾皮等特色而闻名于世。上世纪九十年代以前,青山羊的选育一直以生产猾子皮为主要目标,以成熟早、多胎性为选育方向。九十年代后,由于青猾子皮销路不畅,产业由以毛皮为主逐渐转向以肉为主。     

肉用种公牛的选种选育

肉牛业是畜牧业的重要组成部分,肉用良种公牛是肉牛业发展的先决条件和物质基础。因此,如何对后备公牛进行科学选种选育,然后通过合理的饲养管理最终培育出优秀的种公牛满足我国肉牛品种改良的需要显得尤为重要。本文主要简述目前我们肉用种公牛选种选育的基本办法,为提高肉用种公牛选育水平提供参考。     

提高鹌鹑种蛋孵化率的技术

掌握孵化过程中的每个技术环节是提高鹌鹑种蛋孵化率和获取孵化经济效益的关键,现将提高鹌鹑种蛋孵化率的10项技术要求介绍如下：     

鹌鹑的育雏技术要点

目前,广大农民对养鹌鹑的积极性很高,别看它个体小,但比养鸡能获得较好的经济效益。鹌鹑体型小,耗料少,早熟,换代快,饲料转化率高;适应性和抗病力强,尤耐密集型笼养,适宜集约化工厂化生产。鹌鹑蛋、肉营养价值普遍高于鸡蛋、肉,其肉质细嫩,味道芳香鲜美,颇受消费者喜爱。市场需     

蛋鹌鹑高产饲养技术

鹌鹑具有生长快、成熟早、繁殖力高、抗病力强、易饲养等特点.鹌鹑蛋营养丰富,既是良好的食品,又是食疗的珍品;同时鹌鹑蛋还可以加工成无铅皮蛋、虎皮蛋及清水鹑蛋罐头、鹑蛋粉、鹑蛋松等再制蛋品,深受消费者喜爱.蛋鹌鹑饲料报酬高,40～50日龄开产,年产蛋最在260～300枚左右,因此饲养鹌鹑是一项应该大力推广的养殖业.     

南丹瑶鸡选种选育成果初报

南丹瑶鸡是广西地方优良家禽品种,传统养殖模式无法发挥瑶鸡特有的品种资源优势。通过优化瑶鸡品种结构,重组品种优势基因,按照资源利用与环境保护结合的原则,开展多世代的选种选育,不断提纯复壮,使瑶鸡生产性能提高10%以上,经济效益提高12%以上,同时保持瑶鸡原有肉质风味和优良遗传基因,提高瑶鸡市场竞争力。     

阜新肉羊新品种选育试验研究

利用国外引进的无角道赛特、萨福克和夏洛莱羊为父本，以国内小尾寒羊为母本育成杂交，采用核心群、育种群和改良群三级开放式育种模式，并应用胚胎移植生物技术和人工授精技术等现代育种技术，培育国内市场急需的具有繁殖率高、生长发育快、肉质好、适应性强的肉羊新品种。三年来，共培育符合品种标准的肉用种公羊738只；核心群母羊850只；育种群母羊1300只；改良群母羊5．5万只；核心群母羊中特一级羊比例73．1％；成年母羊产羔率198．6％。培育的肉羊各项生产性能指标均达到或超过计划目标。     

种蛋质量管理关键控制技术

种蛋质量管理涉及种鸡质量、种蛋选择、消毒、运输、贮存等众多关键点,种蛋关键点的控制技术成为决定雏鸡质量的保证。一种鸡质量控制采集种蛋前进行鸡白痢普测、支原体、白血病抽测,确保种鸡无垂直传播性疾病;在产蛋率达85％、采集种蛋前,对新城疫、禽流感、法氏囊进行检测,种鸡新城疫抗体值≥9、禽流感H5抗体值≥6,H9抗体值≥9,法氏囊抗体监测阳性率100％,确保雏鸡获得良好的母源抗体。整个产蛋期定期对鸡白痢、支原体、白血病和新城疫、禽流感、法氏囊抗体值进行监测,达到开产前标准。     

繁育小知识

凡是生物都能把本身的形态和性质传给它的后代，这就叫做遗传。选择优良的品种和采用科学的育种方法，是获得优良仔犬的关键。     

Selection for scrapie resistance and simultaneous restriction of inbreeding in the rare sheep breed "Mergellander"

Scrapie is a fatal infectious neurodegenerative disease for which susceptibility is associated with polymorphisms in the ovine prion protein (PrP) gene. Scrapie-eradication programmes are based on eliminating the susceptible VRQ allele and/or breeding for the resistant ARR allele. In rare breeds or breeds with a low frequency of the ARR allele this can lead to unacceptably high inbreeding rates with associated increased risk of genetic defects and inbreeding depression. The conservation status of populations with inbreeding rates (DeltaF) above 1% is considered critical. In the Dutch rare sheep breed the Mergellander animals carrying ARR alleles are closely related to one another, and could reach 1.53% when only ARR/ARR animals are used as parents. Inbreeding rates can be reduced by selecting the set of parents according to their average co-ancestry. We minimised inbreeding rates by calculating the optimal contribution of each ram and selection of ewes. This resulted in inbreeding rates of -0.17% with exclusive use of homozygous ARR rams, and -0.38% if use of heterozygous rams was allowed as well. Thus sophisticated breeding programs can prevent unacceptably high inbreeding rates when breeding for scrapie resistance.     

Diseases of quail

An increasing number and variety of quail are being kept for food production, experimental use, release on hunting preserves, preservation of endangered species, zoological display, and as companion birds. Quail are susceptible to a variety of noninfectious, infectious, and parasitic diseases. Because they are related to chickens and turkeys, many of the diseases in quail are similar to those in poultry. In this article, the diagnostic characteristics of diseases affecting quail are presented along with information on their prevention, control, and treatment.     

水牛品种改良的成果与发展思路

广西壮族自治区是全国开展水牛品种改良工作最早的省区之一。广西家畜人工授精站（现为广西壮族自治区畜禽品种改良站）于1954年成立,1958年起就开展了水牛的品种改良工作。50多年来,经过几代科研人员的不断研究和试验,由液态精液人工授精向冷冻精液人工授精技术转变的纵深发展,在关键核心技术上获得了重大突破,使科研与实际生产密切结合的水牛品种改良工作取得了举世瞩目的成就。     

Prospective evaluation of techniques for differentiating shoulder pathology as a source of forelimb lameness in medium and large breed dogs

Objective— To assess lameness evaluation, shoulder abduction angles, radiography, and ultrasonography for determining presence, location, and severity of forelimb pathology. Study Design— Prospective cohort study. Animals— Dogs ≥20 kg (n=30). Methods— Each dog was assigned lameness scores. Shoulder abduction angles were determined. Radiographs of shoulders and elbows were subjectively graded for pathology. One investigator unaware of dog history (lameness, radiographic findings) performed ultrasonographic assessment of shoulders with subjective grading of pathology. Another investigator unaware of dog history (lameness, radiographic, ultrasonographic findings) performed arthroscopic assessment of shoulders with subjective grading of pathology. Elbows were disarticulated and evaluated for gross pathology. Histologic pathology scoring of shoulder tissues was performed. Data were compared for differences among groups, sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated. Results— Twenty‐seven forelimbs were considered clinically normal, 26 had shoulder pathology, 5 had elbow pathology, and 2 had pathology of both the shoulder and elbow. Dogs with shoulder pathology were twice as likely to be lame compared with dogs with elbow pathology. Limbs with medial shoulder instability had significantly higher abduction angles than normal limbs and those with elbow pathology. Radiographs were clinically useful for diagnosing elbow, but not shoulder, pathology. Ultrasonography was clinically useful for diagnosing shoulder pathology other than instability. Abduction angles, ultrasonographic evaluation, and arthroscopic assessments had strong, significant correlations with reference standards. Conclusions— Clinically relevant diagnostic techniques yielded characteristic, repeatable differences in objective and subjective assessments for distinguishing presence, location, and severity of forelimb lameness in dogs. Clinical Relevance— The diagnostic approach to forelimb lameness in dogs should include shoulder pathology as a differential with multiple assessments used to determine the clinical cause of lameness.