早熟菜用大豆农艺性状、籽粒产量和品质形成规律的研究

采用早熟菜用大豆品种为试材,对不同菜用大豆品种农艺性状、籽粒产量和品质的形成规律进行了研究.结果表明:早熟菜用大豆品种株型矮小,分枝少,节问长度较短;一粒荚、二粒荚所占的比例较大,百粒重和收获指数均较高;不同生育期品种间光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度没有显著差异;在籽粒形成过程中,可溶性糖含量和脂肪含量均呈上升趋势,品种间蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量积累有所差异.综合籽粒产量和品质性状,沈农引48是更适合选用的早熟菜用大豆品种.     

传统大豆加工制品对大豆原料品质的要求

传统大豆制品在我国具有悠久的历史和广大的市场。大豆原料的品质对传统大豆制品的生产和销售等有较大的影响。因采用加工工艺和产品的不同,传统大豆制品对大豆品质要求也不尽相同,例如豆腐用大豆要求籽粒饱满、蛋白质含量高、亚基11S/7S含量低;豆浆用大豆要求外观品质好、蛋白质和水苏糖含量高、亚麻酸、油酸和亚油酸含量要低;菜用大豆应选择蔗糖、天门冬氨酸与谷氨酸含量高的品种;豆芽用大豆需选择小粒、发芽率高、脂肪含量低、蛋白质和碳水化合物含量高的大豆品种;豆豉和纳豆用大豆要求籽粒吸水和保水能力强、蒸煮特性好的品种;酱油用大豆应选择不饱和脂肪酸、糖分、球蛋白及脂肪含量较高的品种等。本文对国内外大豆加工制品对大豆原料品质要求的相关研究结果进行了综述,旨在为大豆品质育种以及大豆加工制品适宜材料的选择提供理论基础。     

菜用大豆品质及其影响因素研究进展

菜用大豆品质主要指外观品质、食用品质和营养品质,随着需求的不断增长,卫生品质、储藏品质及加工品质也是研究的主要方向.该文简要总结了国内外对菜用大豆品质的组成及其主要组分的认识,重点分析了遗传因素、环境因素、栽培措施和采食期对菜用大豆品质影响,并从菜用大豆品质育种的途径和高产栽培2个方面提出了菜用大豆持续发展的建议.     

菜用大豆钾素营养研究进展

从光合作用、物质合成与运输、肥料的吸收利用等方面,概述了钾素对大豆产量及品质影响的研究进展,探讨了钾素营养在提高大豆含油量的同时,在改善外观品质,尤其是在菜用大豆食用品质和营养品质改良中的作用。并从改善菜用大豆品质角度,提出了菜用大豆钾素营养研究应该注重探讨钾素营养在生理代谢过程中的作用及对蔗糖和氨基酸含量的影响,在研究手段上应将常规实验方法与分子生物学实验方法结合。     

菜用大豆引种鉴定研究

对征集的20份菜用大豆品种的农艺、经济、产量、品质等主要性状进行鉴定,结果表明:品种间的以株高、株荚数、株荚重、产量的差异最大;毛豆2808、台75鲜荚产量显著高于其它品种;鲜籽粒的淀粉含量、总糖均比普通大豆高,而纤维素含量则低,台75本地秋繁与北繁其性状差异大.     

钾肥施用对菜用大豆生殖生长期可溶性糖含量及产量的影响

菜用大豆籽粒可溶性糖含量是评价其食用品质的重要指标,为探究钾素影响菜用大豆"源"、"库"端可溶性糖转化关系,在正常氮、磷种肥施用基础上,以菜用中科毛豆1号和品系121为材料,进行不施钾(K0)、种肥施钾120kg·hm-2(K1)以及种肥施钾120 kg·hm-2+花期和结荚期两次喷施钾叶面肥(K2)处理,探讨植株不同部位可溶性糖积累规律。结果表明:种肥施钾显著增加菜用大豆生殖生长期(开花后4~8周)叶片、荚皮、籽粒中可溶性糖含量,在此基础上于花期、荚期两次喷施叶面钾肥有利于可溶性糖在叶片、荚皮、籽粒中的进一步积累。开花后7周(最佳采食期)时,籽粒可溶性糖含量达到最大,此时中科毛豆1号K1、K2处理相比K0处理分别高29.2%和37.5%,而品系121分别高9.3%和24.8%。同时发现,钾肥施用显著提高了菜用大豆鲜荚采食期产量,中科毛豆1号K1、K2处理的单株鲜荚产量相比K0处理分别高8.2%和37.1%,而品系121分别高18.9%及31.6%。钾肥施用可能通过增强菜用大豆源端(叶片)可溶性糖的供应以及促进荚皮可溶性糖的运转量而对籽粒中可溶性糖的积累起到促进作用。     

菜用大豆与普通大豆产量及品质的比较

研究比较了10个日本菜用大豆和8个辽宁省育成的普通大豆品种的产量和品质.结果表明:日本菜用大豆品种的株高显著矮于辽宁省育成的普通大豆,且抗倒能力也显著强于普通大豆,而且以有限结荚习性居多,籽粒较大,百粒重显著大于普通大豆品种.虽然日本菜用大豆的产量要明显低于辽宁普通大豆的产量,但品质要显著好于辽宁普通大豆,尤其是蛋白质含量,有些品种高达50%.结果还表明:多数菜用大豆的油酸含量较高,平均含量为245 mg·g~(-1),而普通大豆平均含量为238 mg·g~(-1).     

不同贮藏方式对菜用大豆外观和品质的影响

以2个菜用大豆品种为材料,设置去荚室温贮藏、连荚室温贮藏、去荚低温贮藏和连荚低温贮藏4种贮藏方式,测定了不同处理时间下菜用大豆的外观性状、叶绿素、维生素C和可溶性糖含量。结果表明:第7天时外观品质以连荚低温贮藏为优,与采收时相比变化不大;随着贮藏时间延长,2个品种的叶绿素含量呈单峰曲线变化,在第3天达到最大值,且去荚低温贮藏时含量最高;维生素C含量总体逐渐递减,低温条件下含量降低相对较慢,其中以去荚低温为优;可溶性糖含量前5 d逐渐减少,之后部分处理有所增加。因此,菜用大豆在-4℃下连荚储藏3～5 d内,外观和品质保持最佳状态。     

施肥处理对菜用大豆和普通大豆品质形成的影响

菜用大豆生产在东北地区乃至全国都在不断发展,为了给菜用大豆配套生产提供理论依据,探讨菜用大豆和普通大豆的特异性,以普通大豆品种2个、引进菜用品种4个为试材,探讨施肥处理对不同类型大豆籽粒品质形成的影响.结果表明:就不同类型品种来说,普通大豆品种铁丰29号的品质最好,菜用大豆品种沈农引133的品质最好.T2磷酸二铵施肥处理使各品种的蛋白质含量提高,而T3磷酸二铵施肥处理使各品种的蛋白质含量降低;T2和T3磷酸二铵施肥处理使各品种的脂肪含量、蛋脂总量、可溶性糖含量提高.在不同施肥处理下,籽粒脂肪积累呈"S"型曲线.同样施肥水平下,菜用大豆的蛋白质和可溶性糖含量高于普通大豆,而脂肪含量低于普通大豆.蛋白质含量与磷酸二铵施用量呈负相关,脂肪含量与磷酸二铵施用量呈显著正相关,蛋脂总量、可溶性糖含量与磷酸二铵施用量呈不显著的正相关.     

福建省菜用大豆生产与研究动态

福建省菜用大豆生产与研究动态徐树传（福建省农科院）刘德全（福建农业大学）菜用大豆亦称毛豆，日本称枝豆，是指豆荚鼓粒饱满，荚色、籽粒色呈翠绿时采青食用的总称，属大豆的专用型品种。但并非所有大豆品种都可以作为菜用大豆生产，根据台湾、日本市场对菜用大豆品种...     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。