鹅源禽副粘病毒NA-1株HN蛋白基因的遗传变异研究

鹅副粘病毒分离株NA-1株经11日龄鸡胚增殖后纯化。提取病毒的基因组RNA，采用RT-PCR扩增出与预期设计的1．7kb大小相符合的特异条带。将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pMD18-T载体，经纯化、筛选及酶切鉴定后，初步获得了含鹅副粘病毒HN基因的阳性克隆，并对阳性克隆进行了测序。测序后拼接得出HN基因的全序列长度为1740bp，该基因的ORF总长为1716bp，编码571个氨基酸。与GenBank下载的15株参考毒株比较HN基因编码区全核苷酸序列，发现所测NA-1株与国内标准强毒株F48E9核苷酸的同源性为84．5％，氨基酸的同源性为89．5％；与传统的疫苗株La Sota核苷酸的同源性为82．2％，氨基酸的同源性为88．5％；与鹅源禽副粘病毒SF02株核苷酸的同源性为97．1％，氨基酸的同源性为97．4％；与鹅源禽副粘病毒YG97株核苷酸的同源性为97．3％，氨基酸的同源性97．4％。说明NA-1株和SF02株、YG97株亲缘关系较近，它们三者可能有着共同的来源。根据基因树分析，NA-1株应属于基因VII型新城疫病毒。由此更进一步证实新城疫可以感染水禽，且对鹅具有高度的致死性。     

鹅副粘病毒NA-1分离株HN蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

鹅副粘病毒分离株NA-1经11日龄鸡胚增殖后纯化.提取病毒的基因组RNA,采用RT-PCR扩增出与预期设计的1.7kb大小相符合的特异条带.将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pMD 18-T载体,经纯化、筛选及酶切鉴定后,初步获得了含鹅副粘病毒HN基因的阳性克隆,并对阳性克隆进行测序.测序后拼接得出HN基因的全序列长度为1 740bp,该基因的ORF总长为1 716 bp,编码571个氨基酸.与GenBank下载的15株参考毒株比较HN基因编码区全核苷酸序列,发现所测NA-1毒株与参考毒株YG97核苷酸序列同源性为97.3%,与F48E9同源性为84.5%,与La Sota为82.2%.同源性分析表明NA-1相对于NDV在HN基因上发生了较大的变异.     

新城疫病毒云南分离株F基因变异特性分析

采用RT-PCR技术对云南2007年-2009年采集的948份喉气管拭子或组织样品中新城疫病毒F基因进行检测,获得阳性样品65份,选择30份代表性阳性样品采用特异性引物经RT-PCR扩增F基因,纯化后克隆至pMD18-T载体,并对其进行测序。序列比对及系统发育分析结果表明,新城疫病毒云南分离株F基因核苷酸与疫苗LaSota株之间的同源性为70.5%～99.8%,与F48E9株之间的同源性为70.7%～90.8%。系统发育分析表明,30株病毒中21株属于基因型Ⅶ,裂解位点氨基酸为R-R-Q-K-R-F,与传统认为强毒裂解位点氨基酸序列相同;7株属于基因型Ⅱ,5株裂解位点氨基酸为G-R-Q-G-R-L,属于弱毒株裂解位点氨基酸排列特征,2株裂解位点氨基酸为R-R-Q-K-R-F属于强毒裂解位点氨基酸序列;2株病毒与9个基因型的同源性差异较远。     

猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒ORF2基因的克隆及其序列分析

根据 GenBank 中猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV- 2)ORF2基因序列,设计一对引物,应用PCR从疑似断奶仔猪多系统消耗综合征(PMWS)的死亡仔猪组织病料中扩增出 ORF2 基因(702 bp)。将此基因片段克隆入 pMD -18 T载体,筛选获得重组质粒 pMD ORF2 并对其测序,结果表明所克隆的ORF2基因与德国分离株AF201897核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%与其它PCV- 2 的 ORF2 核苷酸序列同源性在92.1%~99.9%之间,推导的氨基酸序列同源性在90.2%~99.5%之间。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型7型25-4株ApxIICA基因的克隆和基因缺失

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型7型25＿4株ApxIICA基因用特异性引物进行PCR扩增并克隆到T载体上,构建重组质粒pMD18＿ApxIICA,将pMD18＿ApxIICA转化到E.coliJM83中并测序。序列分析表明血清型7型25＿4株ApxIICA与其它血清型(5型和9型)核苷酸序列同源性达98%以上,氨基酸序列同源性达90%以上。利用ApxIIC基因内部单一的SpeI位点,设计特异性的引物,利用PCR技术在ApxIIC基因内部缺失165bp的核苷酸片段,PCR产物再用SpeI进行酶切,并体外连接构建得到含有ApxIIC缺失基因的重组质粒pMD18＿ApxII△CA。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型7型25-4株ApxⅡCA基因的克隆和基因缺失

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型7型25-4株ApxIICA基因用特异性引物进行PCR扩增并克隆到T载体上,构建重组质粒pMD18-ApxIICA,将pMD18-ApxIICA转化到E.coli JM83中并测序.序列分析表明血清型7型25-4株ApxII CA与其它血清型(5型和9型)核苷酸序列同源性达98%以上,氨基酸序列同源性达90%以上.利用ApxIIC基因内部单一的SpeI位点,设计特异性的引物,利用PCR技术在ApxIIC基因内部缺失165bp的核苷酸片段,PCR产物再用SpeI进行酶切,并体外连接构建得到含有ApxIIC缺失基因的重组质粒pMD18-ApxII△/CA.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫ZJ株5401基因的克隆和序列分析

利用RT—PCR方法扩增出了柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E．tenella)ZJ(浙江)株的子孢子表面抗原5401基因。把这一基因片段克隆到PGEM—T克隆载体上，得到的阳性克隆经PCR鉴定及酶切分析，结果表明重组子(pGEM—T—5401)中含有5401基因，该序列全长为864bp，序列本身是一个开放阅读框，将克隆得到的基因与国外报道的5401基因比较，有两个碱基发生有义突变，引起两个氨基酸发生突变，核苷酸同源性为99．8％，氨基酸同源性为99．3％。克隆出的5401基因可以用于将来重组疫苗的研究。     

新城疫病毒F_(48)E_9株P基因的克隆及鉴定

根据NDVP蛋白己知基因序列设计合成了一对引物PU/PL ,利用RT_PCR扩增出了F4 8E9株P基因 12 72bp的片段 ,将该片段克隆到pMD18_TVector上 ,并对所得到的重组质粒进行酶切分析、PCR鉴定 ,结果证明我们得到了这个基因片段的阳性重组子。为了更充分证实所得阳性质粒的可靠性 ,采用Sanger’s双脱氧末端终止法对阳性重组子从 5’端进行核苷酸序列测定 ,获得了F4 8E9株P基因片段 5’端的基因序列 ,利用DNASIS分析软件 ,将F4 8E9株与LaSota株的相应序列进行比较 ,其核苷酸序列同源性为 83 7%。至此 ,我们获得了F4 8E9株P基因的全长克隆     

两株猪圆环病毒2型ORF2基因的克隆和序列分析

根据GenBank中猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2基因序列,设计一对引物,从分离的PCV-2 GZ株、HN株的细胞培养物中扩增出ORF2基因(702 bp).将此基因片段克隆入pMD18-T载体,筛选获得重组质粒pMD-ORF2,并对其测序.结果表明,所克隆的ORF2基因与其他PCV-2的ORF2基因核苷酸序列同源性在90.6%～99.6%之间,推导的氨基酸序列同源性在88.9%～98.7%之间.     

鹅副黏病毒QY分离株F基因和HN基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已发表的鹅副黏病毒基因组序列,设计并合成了扩增F基因和HN基因的5对引物,利用RT-PCR的特异性扩增出了广东省清远分离株（QY株）的F基因和HN基因.然后将其克隆入pMD 18-T载体,经鉴定、测序及拼接,QY株的F基因和HN基因全序列长度分别为1 662 bp和1 716 bp,分别编码553个和571个氨基酸.经与GenBank登录的几株参考毒株F基因和HN基因编码区的核苷酸序列进行比较;结果,QY株与参考毒株SF02株和LaSota株F基因的核苷酸序列同源性分别为98.3%和82.4%,HN基因的核苷酸序列同源性分别为97.2%和75.9%.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。