草地贪夜蛾在静宁县的发生情况及应对措施

简要介绍草地贪夜蛾在静宁县的发生为害特点、危害程度,分析了传入特点之原因,以及未来可能的发展趋势,提出了监测作物多样化、监测工作常态化、监测技术规范化、监测区域全面化、防控工作专业化的应对措施.     

临泉县草地贪夜蛾发生特点及防治情况浅析

草地贪夜蛾在小麦玉米上均有所发生,防控工作取得良好的成效,防治处置率、综合防治效果和危害损失率都控制在目标范围以内,没有发生玉米、小麦的大面积连片成灾减产。     

芒市玉米草地贪夜蛾发生及防控概述

世界农粮组织对重大害虫——草地贪夜蛾发出了预警,芒市于2019年1月14日开始监测到草地贪夜蛾入侵,其中玉米受到的为害最大,对玉米的生产造成了极大的影响,做好对草地贪夜蛾监测与防控,对保证芒市粮食生产安全有着极为重要的作用.     

会泽县大棚内草地贪夜蛾越冬情况初探

为掌握草地贪夜蛾在会泽县的越冬情况,于2020年10月至2021年4月在会泽县植保站病虫观测圃内,采用在塑料大棚玉米地定量放置草地贪夜蛾蛹自然羽化,进行了一个世代的饲养观察,调查其羽化、产卵、越冬虫态、越冬极限温度等情况。结果表明,11月进入冬季以后,在会泽县大棚环境下,只有极少量的草地贪夜蛾可以过冬,鉴于大棚内外平均温差5.5～19.4℃,月最低气温相差3.1～7.9℃,由此可以推断,在自然条件下可以顺利越冬的草地贪夜蛾数量更少甚至没有,因此会泽草地贪夜蛾的虫源主要是外地迁入。这一结论为草地贪夜蛾的测报及防治提供了参考。     

新河镇草地贪夜蛾发生情况与防治措施

文章介绍了安徽省青阳县新河镇草地贪夜蛾的发生情况,通过采取诱杀成虫、扑杀幼虫、生态调控、科学用药等措施,最大限度地减少草地贪夜蛾危害程度,确保新河镇粮食生产稳定发展。     

广西玉米主要种植区草地贪夜蛾发生及为害情况调查

【目的】明确草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）在广西玉米主要种植区的种群动态及发生为害规律,为草地贪夜蛾周年繁殖区和其他玉米主产区草地贪夜蛾的预测预报和精准防控提供科学依据。【方法】2020年在广西崇左市、南宁市和河池市选择7个固定调查监测点,采用对角线五点取样法,在玉米生长期每隔7 d调查草地贪夜蛾幼虫数量及对玉米植株的为害特征,计算植株受害率和百株虫量;在7个调查监测点各放置2组桶型诱捕器和诱芯,每隔7 d调查记录1次诱虫情况,统计成虫数量。【结果】各调查点草地贪夜蛾幼虫发生量春秋季各有1次高峰,春秋季百株虫量最高值分别为35.00头和64.67头,秋季虫量明显高于春季。幼虫发生动态呈区域性差异,崇左市扶绥县、南宁市江南区和武鸣区幼虫发生期较短且集中,3个点春季百株虫量和峰值均较高。玉米各生育期均受幼虫为害,苗期以低龄幼虫为主,开花期和成熟期以5~6龄幼虫为主,其他生育期可见各龄期幼虫,世代重叠明显。各调查点春季草地贪夜蛾成虫数量总体上呈抛物线增加趋势,春季每诱虫桶最高虫量为25.33头;秋季虫量呈波浪状,约21 d出现一次峰值,每诱虫桶最高虫量为34.67头;秋季成虫数量总体上高于春季。【结论】草地贪夜蛾在广西全年均可发生,年发生代数在7代及以上,秋季虫量明显高于春季,发生程度随温度升高而加重。幼虫发生期和虫量存在区域差异,幼虫可为害各生育期玉米。草地贪夜蛾严重为害玉米生长,应进一步加强监测预报,根据区域气候和玉米长势,强化低龄幼虫和成虫高峰期的防控力度,以降低草地贪夜蛾造成的危害。     

麦积区草地贪夜蛾发生情况及防控措施

按照中央、省、市政府关于草地贪夜蛾监测防控工作部署要求,甘肃省天水市麦积区从2019年5月底开始,积极组织技术人员深入玉米、高粱等作物种植区域,开展了系统性虫情监测。 7月10日首次发现草地贪夜蛾幼虫后,严格按照工作部署,立即开展了应急防控,全面做到了“六个强化”,从而保障了当地粮食生产安全。 同时,在总结2019年监测防控工作先进经验的基础上,对今后工作开展提出了六点建议,以确保来年草地贪夜蛾监测防控工作顺利有序开展。     

辽宁省发现入侵性草地贪夜蛾

草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)是一种原产于美洲的重大入侵性害虫,主要为害玉米等粮食作物.辽宁省是我国东北玉米主产区之一,开展对草地贪夜蛾的监测预警事关东北地区秋粮生产安全.通过形态和分子鉴定发现2020年有扩散至辽宁省的草地贪夜蛾成虫.Tpi基因序列比对结果显示此次在辽宁省发现的草地贪夜蛾为玉...     

草地贪夜蛾冬季发生情况及趋势

近期华南和西南省份植保部门调查,草地贪夜蛾在云南、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州等省(区)冬玉米种植区都有发生,云南、海南、广东等省发生普遍,部分地区虫量较高。云南和四川冬小麦、广东和广西甘蔗田个别县见虫。初步统计,草地贪夜蛾在云南、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州6省(区)113个县(市、区)查见幼虫,当前发生面积近50万亩,累计发生面积60.8万亩.     

勐龙镇玉米草地贪夜蛾的发生特点与防控对策

玉米种植作为我国农业生产活动的重要组成内容,对于我国农业经济起着十分重要的作用.草地贪夜蛾作为农业重大害虫的一种,一直以来对于玉米种植活动都有着较大影响,为工业生产与粮食安全带来诸多威胁.种植户想要提高玉米种植质量与效率,就需要从实际情况入手,根据草地贪夜蛾的发生特点,采取针对性的防控对策,以便能够保障玉米植株不受害虫...     

Population occurrence of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the winter season of China

Fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith), has become an important pest in Chinese agricultural systems since its invasion on 11 December 2018. After its establishment, FAW months in the year-round breeding region have become the main source population migrating to other areas in China. Field investigations were conducted in tropical and subtropical regions to improve understanding of its year-round breeding area in China. The results showed that FAW larval density was significantly correlated with the seasonal temperature of the location surveyed. The FAW larvae maintained a high density in the tropical area and were frequently found in sites of the south subtropical region, but were absent from the north subtropical region and the northern part of the central subtropical region. These results indicated that FAW can reproduce annually in the tropical and south subtropical regions of China, including Hainan, Taiwan and the southern area of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Yunnan. Hence, great effort should be made to monitor and control FAW in the year-round breeding region to suppress the population density of this area and to reduce migration of moths into northern parts of China. This study clarifies the occurrence area of the pest in winter in China and provides much valuable information for its population forecasting and management.     

松油烯-4-醇对粘虫体内保护酶活力的影响

以松油烯-4-醇处理粘虫5龄幼虫后,测定了兴奋期、痉挛期、麻痹期及复苏期4个中毒阶段试虫的保护酶活性。结果表明,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)被明显激活,各中毒阶段的酶活力均极显著高于对照,其中兴奋期的酶活力最大,为对照的3.04倍;处理试虫的过氧化氢酶(CAT)在兴奋期和痉挛期与对照的差异不大,而在麻痹期和复苏期被明显抑制,酶活力分别为对照的78%和92%;过氧化物酶(POD)也被明显抑制,各中毒阶段的酶比活力依次为对照的81%,86.0%,65.0%和90.0%。分析认为,中毒试虫的复苏可能与POD和CAT活力的变化有关。     

Association of host plant growth and weed occurrence with armyworm (Mythimna separata) damage in corn fields

To clarify association between armyworm (Mythimna separata) damage level and the corn growth and weed occurrence, we investigated corn plant height, stem diameter and vigor as well as weed coverage and biomass. The investigations were conducted at three locations of Shaanxi Province, China which were suffered seriously from armyworm. Significant correlations were found between the parameters analyzed. At stunted corn growth and presence of plenty of weeds, the armyworm damage tended to be heavy; oppositely, when corn grew well and weed density were low, armyworm harm was the minimal. Therefore, corn growing status and weed density can significantly affect armyworm damage level. Our results imply that promoting corn growth and timely removal of weeds are conducive to reducing armyworm occurrence.     

Adult nutrition affects reproduction and flight performance of the invasive fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda in China

Floral resources, such as carbohydrate-rich nectar or pollen, can bolster fitness and raise reproductive output of adult lepidopterans. Here, we used laboratory experiments to assess how those plant-derived foods impact adult fecundity, reproductive physiology and flight performance of an invasive strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda(FAW; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. More specifically, supplementary feeding on bee pollen and honey enhanced FAW flight duration, testis size, ovarian development, longevity and adult fecundity. FAW adults attained the longest pre-oviposition(10.8 days) and oviposition period(6.8 days) and longevity(19.2 days) on 5% acacia honey. Upon access to 2.5% acacia honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen, S. frugiperda attained the highest mating rate(79.7%), fecundity(644.9 eggs/female) and egg hatching rate(82.3%). Feeding on honey further delayed decay of male testes, while ovarian development was enhanced when female moths were allowed access to 2.5% honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen. Upon feeding on 5% honey solution, S. frugiperda engaged in flight over the longest duration(9.5 h), distance(29.9 km) and speed(3.1 km h~(–1)). Honey had a comparatively greater effect on the above parameters than pollen. Our findings help decipher FAW invasion patterns and population dynamics, facilitate the development of nutritional attractants, and contribute to integrated pest management of this newly-invasive pest in eastern Asia.     

贺州市2007年早稻田褐飞虱大发生气象因素分析

褐飞虱是贺州市稻作区主要害虫,有繁殖快、抗性强等特点,防治难度大。影响褐飞虱种群的发生主要是气象因素。本文根据田间调查结果,通过查阅文献资料,结合贺州市的气象观察资料,从温度、湿度的角度对贺州市早稻田褐飞虱的发生为害情况进行分析,旨在给防治提供理论依据。结果显示,2007年5月份气候条件利于褐飞虱种群在田间快速生长发育和严重为害。     

Biology,invasion and management of the agricultural invader: Fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith), is native to the Americas. It has rapidly invaded 47 African countries and 18 Asian countries since the first detection of invasion into Nigeria and Ghana in 2016. It is regarded as a super pest based on its host range(at least 353 host plants), its inherent ability to survive in a wide range of habitats, its strong migration ability, high fecundity, rapid development of resistance to insecticides/viruses and its gluttonous characteristics. The inherently superior biological characteristics of FAW contribute to its invasiveness. Integrated pest management(IPM) of FAW has relied on multiple applications of monitoring and scouting, agricultural control, chemical pesticides, viral insecticides, sex attractants, bio-control agents(parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens) and botanicals. Knowledge gaps remain to be filled to:(1) understand the invasive mechanisms of S. frugiperda;(2) understand how to prevent its further spread and(3) provide better management strategies. This review summarizes the biological characters of FAW, their association with its invasiveness and IPM strategies, which may provide further insights for future management.     

甜菜夜蛾卵黄原蛋白受体基因的RNA干扰

【目的】 卵黄原蛋白受体（vitellogenin receptor,VgR）是介导昆虫卵黄原蛋白胞吞作用的主要受体,通过RNA干扰（RNAi）方法研究甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua）VgR的功能,为深入了解甜菜夜蛾生殖生理的分子机制及开发有效防治新方法提供依据。【方法】 以甜菜夜蛾雌成虫腹部的cDNA为模板,通过PCR克隆得到甜菜夜蛾VgR基因片段,其包含配体结合域功能区。绿色荧光蛋白基因（GFP）片段通过特异性引物从笔者实验室保存的GFP质粒上扩增。将VgR和GFP 目的片段连入pMD-19T载体后进行测序,利用DNAMAN软件分析基因序列的准确性。以测序验证正确的质粒作为DNA模板,利用带T7启动子的引物进行PCR扩增。用T7 RiboMAX ^TM Express RNAi System合成试剂盒合成VgR-dsRNA和GFP-dsRNA。应用10 μL微量进样器在化蛹第2、6天的甜菜夜蛾雌蛹腹部注射3 μL双链RNA（2 μg·μL ^-1）。利用RT-qPCR技术检测甜菜夜蛾刚羽化、羽化24 h、羽化48 h雌成虫的VgR表达量变化,同时统计对照组（空白对照、注射GFP-dsRNA）和处理组（注射VgR-dsRNA）甜菜夜蛾的羽化率及单雌产卵量。【结果】扩增得到VgR和GFP基因片段,大小分别为327和417 bp。RT-qPCR 检测结果表明,与对照组相比,注射dsRNA后甜菜夜蛾的VgR表达水平显著下降。对于刚羽化、羽化24 h、羽化48 h的雌成虫,注射VgR-dsRNA处理组的VgR表达量相比注射GFP-dsRNA的对照组分别下降了79.35%、84.22%、67.68%。通过解剖观察刚羽化、羽化24 h、羽化48 h的甜菜夜蛾卵巢,发现注射VgR-dsRNA处理组与注射GFP-dsRNA对照组相比, 卵巢发育进度显著推迟。对于羽化24 h的甜菜夜蛾,与注射GFP-dsRNA组相比,注射VgR-dsRNA处理组卵巢管长度下降了23.92％;注射GFP-dsRNA组的卵巢成熟卵粒较多,平均直径为（0.46±0.05）mm,而注射VgR-dsRNA处理组成熟卵粒数量较少且相对较小,平均直径为（0.23±0.02）mm。注射GFP-dsRNA组和VgR-dsRNA组的羽化率无显著差异。注射VgR-dsRNA处理组的单雌平均产卵量只有170粒,而对照组（空白对照和注射GFP-dsRNA）单雌平均产卵量可达到451粒和420粒,处理组与对照组的产卵量存在显著差异。【结论】 通过体外注射dsRNA的方法研究VgR的功能,能够显著降低VgR表达。VgR在甜菜夜蛾的生殖中起着不可替代的作用,直接影响甜菜夜蛾卵巢的发育与产卵量,可以作为控制甜菜夜蛾的潜在靶标。     

Regularity of population occurrence and migration in the oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata (Walker)

正The oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),is a major migrant pest of grain in China and other Asian countries,causing huge crop production and economic losses nationwide annually.Much of the uniquely difficult aspects of managing M.separata arises from its long-distance migratory behavior.For example,direction and timing of winds from its overwintering regions in the south largely determine where and when large influxes of migrants arrive in the north to oviposit,making prediction of infestations difficult.Since the 1960s,the migration routes and infestation patterns of M.separata in China have been     

粘虫核糖体蛋白S11基因cDNA的克隆和序列分析

【目的】克隆和鉴定粘虫核糖体蛋白S11(Ribosomal Protein S11,RPS11)基因,为昆虫核糖体蛋白功能的研究提供基础资料。【方法】运用RT-PCR和RACE技术,以粘虫cDNA为模板,对RPS11基因进行克隆,获得其全长cDNA序列,并利用生物信息学方法,对RPS11基因全长cDNA序列及推测得到的RPS11蛋白氨基酸序列进行分析,构建其系统进化树。【结果】获得的粘虫核糖体蛋白S11基因(RPS11)cDNA序列长度为521 bp,其中包括26 bp的5′非编码区、36 bp的3′非编码区和459 bp的开放阅读框,编码一个由152个氨基酸组成的蛋白,其具有核糖蛋白S17蛋白家族典型特征。推测得到的粘虫RPS11蛋白的理论分子质量为17.737 9 ku,等电点为10.63,富含6种类型的特定功能位点,与同属夜蛾科的烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)的RPS11蛋白相似性高达97%。用Neigh-bor-joining(NJ)法构建基于RPS11氨基酸序列的系统发育树,结果显示,粘虫RPS11与烟芽夜蛾(H.virescens)、草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)和家蚕(Bombyx mori)等3种鳞翅目昆虫的亲缘关系较近。【结论】成功获得了粘虫RPS11基因全长序列(GenBank登录号为GQ222274),由其编码的核糖体蛋白RPS11属于核糖蛋白S17蛋白家族。