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Throughout the 1990s, a variety of partnerships and community-based organizations have been formed with the primary mission to promote agricultural safety and health. These groups are altruistic, creative, energetic, and provide critical perspectives for improving the safety and health of the agricultural workforce at the local, regional, and national levels. These coalitions have been created as a result of philanthropic support, public funding, grassroots interest, and personal experiences with agricultural injuries andfatalities. They are playing important roles in collaborating with researchers and in reaching the individual agricultural communities. They have been instrumental in conducting needs assessments and are critical to the development and implementation of successful surveillance programs and interventions. Outreach and dissemination of research findings and other safety and health information to target audiences are strengths of these diverse coalitions. This article will focus on primarily community-based coalitions, providing an overview of the development, foci, membership activities, and contributions or impact of these groups during the 1990s and the challenges in maintaining and sustaining the coalitions. This information should be useful to those seeking to understand the activities of existing coalitions and identify potential partnerships for future activities.  相似文献   

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本文在分析农业生产技术问题诊断、农业专家解决实际问题的过程和农业生产者对专家系统应用要求的基础上,设计了三种适用于农业领域问题的推理机制,并成功地在诊断型农业专家系统推理机开发集成中应用。  相似文献   

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本文通过对目前常用知识表示方法的分析和比较,针对农业知识的复杂性、推理的模糊性,提出了一套适于农业专家系统开发的知识表示方法——“复合知识树法”,以期为农业以及相关领域的诊断型专家系统开发提供参考。  相似文献   

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利用当今流行ASP.NET开发工具,研制开发了吉林省有害生物诊治专家系统,该系统由知识库、数据库、推理机、图像库及用户接口组成。涉及千余种三大作物(玉米、水稻、大豆)的病虫害,具有病虫害诊断、识别、检索和相互交流等功能,并且具有应用性、操作简单、界面友好等特点。  相似文献   

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通过对农业农村部建设的有机农业基地发展现状、建设体系的研究,总结了有机农业基地在我国脱贫攻坚决胜阶段体现出的优势和促进作用.但同时也发现,在贫困地区建设有机农业基地过程中存在统筹协调有待提升、发展基础过于薄弱、人力资源缺失、市场对接和竞争能力处于劣势的问题,研究提出通过加强顶层设计,注重统筹协调,建立保障机制,引进技术...  相似文献   

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数据交换是解决异构信息系统共享问题的有效途径之一,本文给出了数据交换格式设计的一般准则,包括数据元提取和标准化、数据分类与编码、独立于语法的数据交换格式设计三个部分,并结合田间气象数据交换给出了设计实例,可以为具体领域数据交换格式设计提供可操作的设计模式。  相似文献   

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Children on farms perform hazardous work that exposes them to risks for injury. Hazards include operation of heavy machinery, working with limited supervision, working at heights, and performing work prohibited by law in other industries. Incidence rates and patterns of injury are known to differ between boys and girls on farms. Farm adherence to occupational health and safety practices, and whether such practices vary by gender, has received limited study in this occupational setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between gender and work practices, and required occupational health and safety practices, within a sample of adolescent children age 12 to 18 years living on Saskatchewan farms. A cross-sectional study was performed. Measures were obtained by self-report. We compared requirements for boys and girls on the following: (1) use of personal protective equipment (PPE), (2) conduct of specific hazardous jobs, (3) training and supervision for equipment work, and (4) training and supervision for large animal work. A total of 434 children were identified, and 297 (68%) met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 170 were boys (57%) with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD 1.9). Occupational health and safety requirements varied by gender; girls were less likely to be required to use PPE (adjusted OR 2.39; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.94). There was no evidence of an association between gender and the conduct of hazardous work. Gender patterns in required training and supervision for work suggested disadvantages for girls, but were not significant. Adolescent girls and boys both performed hazardous jobs on the farm. Girls were as likely to conduct hazardous jobs but not to be required to use PPE. This gender disparity may indicate a need for a public health approach that recognizes gender as a determinant of work assignment and of health and safety practices on farms.  相似文献   

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浅析我国农业信息化现状、问题及对策研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
农业信息化已成为现代农业的标志和关键,随着农业信息技术服务功能的不断增强,农业信息化发展会明显促进农业持续发展,农业信息化会越来越成为农业生产活动的基本资源和发展动力。本文阐述了国内外农业信息化发展现状,分析了我国农业信息化存在的问题,并从重视和加强政府在农业信息化建设中的作用,加强农村信息网络基础设施建设,加强各种农业信息资源的整合,大力开展农业信息技术研究,选建和试建一批农业信息化示范基地或示范园区,加快培养农业信息化人才六个方面提出了应对策略。  相似文献   

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The Agricultural Disability Awareness and Risk Education Project (AgDARE) is a research-based curriculum of agricultural safety instruction based on Prochaska and DiClemente's Transtheroetical Model of Change. The program uses eight reality-based psychomotor and narrative modules to teach safe farm work behaviors. In addition to in-class pencil and paper assessments on safety attitudes and behavior intention, farm visits were made to assess the longer term influence of AgDARE. Visits were made between 11 and 20 months (mean = 14.24 months) after completion of the classroom instruction to 29 students who worked on farms and completed at least one-half of the AgDARE instruction. All but one of the visited students exhibited safe work behaviors addressed by the AgDARE instruction. In addition, 76% of the visited students had made positive changes in their farm work behavior since participating in AgDARE. Changes extended beyond the instruction that students received in class to include other aspects of farm work and other family members. The use of farm visits to evaluate students' safety behaviors was tempered by the challenge of contacting students and obstacles associated with observing work in an environment where little is routine or regular.  相似文献   

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Fungicides are routinely applied to deciduous tree fruits for disease management. Seventy-four private orchard applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study participated in the Orchard Fungicide Exposure Study in 2002-2003. During 144 days of observation, information was obtained on chemicals applied and applicator mixing, application, personal protective, and hygiene practices. At least half of the applicators had orchards with <100 trees. Air blast was the most frequent application method used (55%), followed by hand spray (44%). Rubber gloves were the most frequently worn protective equipment (68% mix; 59% apply), followed by respirators (45% mix; 49% apply), protective outerwear (36% mix; 37% apply), and rubber boots (35% mix; 36% apply). Eye protection was worn while mixing and applying on only 35% and 41% of the days, respectively. Bivariate analyses were performed using repeated logistic or repeated linear regression. Mean duration of mixing, pounds of captan applied, total acres sprayed, and number of tank mixes sprayed were greater for air blast than for hand spray (p < 0.05). Spraying from a tractor/vehicle without an enclosed cab was associated with wearing some type of coverall (p < 0.05). Applicators often did not wash their hands after mixing (77%), a finding not explained by glove use. Glove use during mixing was associated with younger age, while wearing long-sleeve shirts was associated with older age (p < 0.05 each). Self-reported unusually high fungicide exposures were more likely on days applicators performed repairs (p < 0.05). These data will be useful for evaluating fungicide exposure determinants among orchard applicators.  相似文献   

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水产专家系统的应用及发展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文介绍了目前国内外专家系统在水产行业的应用实例,从应用范围、系统实现平台和开发手段等方面对水产专家系统进行了分析,提出了水产专家系统的发展建议。  相似文献   

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A data acquisition software and hardware system was developed for acquiring geo-referenced shock and vibration data using National Instruments' LabView graphical programming language. This was used in conjunction with a modular data acquisition and signal conditioning system and a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) receiver. A prototype vehicle obstacle course, which introduced spatially varying shock events to vehicles as they traversed the course, was constructed. Obstacles consisted of both repetitious and single discrete events. A series of investigations was conducted on the obstacle course to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the DAQ system and the tractor when exposed to shock and vibration events. Spectral and time domain plots obtained from the geo-referenced data acquisition system (GDAQ) system under static, highway, and off-road obstacle course conditions were evaluated to demonstrate that the system performed as expected. The migration of experiments from laboratory to field gave confidence that this system could be used to collect shock and vibration data over a wide range of frequencies. The use of geo-referenced data records proved beneficial in isolating and extracting data segments of interest from a continuous data record.  相似文献   

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A review of literature was conducted to summarize the progress to date in hearing preservation among agricultural workers, including previously published reports and studies in progress. Types of studies reviewed include noise exposure studies, hearing acuity studies, studies focusing on the use of hearing protection, and intervention studies designed to increase hearing protector use. Recommendations for future research are presented.  相似文献   

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Tillage and agricultural sustainability   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Agricultural sustainability implies an increasing trend in per capita productivity to meet the present needs without jeopardizing the future potential. Soil tillage, soil surface management to alleviate soil-related constraints to crop production, is a basic and an important input with short- and long-term effects on sustainability. An important effect of soil tillage on sustainability is through its impact on the environment e.g. soil degradation, water quality, emission of greenhouse gases from soil-related processes, etc. The need to attain agricultural sustainability is particularly urgent in several tropical eco-regions and soils of low-carrying capacity in the tropics.

Soil tillage influences atricultural sustainability through its effects on soil processes, soil properties, and crop growth. However, there is no one blueprint of a universally applicable sustainable tillage system. Appropriate tillage systems are soil- and crop-specific and their adaptation is governed by both biophysical and socio-economic factors. In addition to increasing crop yields, tillage methods must also facilitate soil and water conservation, improve root system development, maintain a favorable level of soil organic matter content, and reverse degradative in the soil's life-support processes.

Important components or sub-systems of conservation-effective tillage systems include mulch farming, no-till or reduced tillage systems, use of cover crops and planted fallows, agroforestry, raised beds or ridge-tillage, and soil inversion or deep plowing. The ecological limits for the applicability of these components or sub-systems differ widely. The efforts of a multi-disciplinary team (comprising soil scientists, agricultural engineers, agronomists, economists and social scientists) are needed to develop site-specific tillage methods to achieve both short- and long-term goals of agricultural sustainability.  相似文献   


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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gap between consumer perception and scientific evidence related to health benefits and safety risks from fish consumption. DESIGN: Consumer perceptions from a cross-sectional survey in March 2003 in Belgium were compared with scientific evidence based on a literature review. METHOD: A quota sampling procedure was used with age as quota control variable. Subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire including health benefit beliefs from fish, fish content and effect beliefs for nutrients and harmful substances. SUBJECTS: Adults (n=429), who were the main person responsible for food purchasing in the household (284 women; 145 men), aged 18-83 years, from different regional, education, family size and income groups. RESULTS: Fish is predominantly perceived as a healthy food that reduces risk for coronary heart disease, which corroborates scientific evidence. This perception is stronger among women than among men. In contrast with scientific evidence, 46% of the consumers believe that fish contains dietary fibre, whereas less than one-third is aware that fish contains omega-3 fatty acids and that this nutrient has a positive impact on human health. The gap between perception and evidence is larger among consumers with lower education. In general, consumers are better aware of the content and effect of harmful substances than of nutrients in fish. CONCLUSIONS: Despite conclusive evidence about the content and positive effect of omega-3 fatty acids in fish, related consumer awareness and beliefs are poor and often wrong. This study exemplifies the need for nutrition education and more effective communication about the health benefits of fish consumption.  相似文献   

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