国内和牛雪花牛肉产业现状及前景分析

雪花牛肉是人们生活水平提高后所追求和向往的美食,通过和牛及改良和牛产业化生产雪花牛肉,市场前景广阔。和牛是生产雪花牛肉的理想肉牛品种,在摸清雪花牛肉产业生产现状的基础上,就如何协同合作,挖掘肉牛品种资源潜力,促进雪花牛肉产业的发展,现从生产实际出发,科学分析我国和牛雪花牛肉产业生产的现状和问题,提出了产业发展建议,以供参考。     

我国雪花牛肉生产现状与分析

本文从雪花牛肉的概念、发展现状、质量评价、适宜肉牛品种、饲养管理、屠宰分割及发展潜力等方面出发对当前我国雪花牛肉生产情况进行了分析讨论,提出只有将雪花牛肉生产作为专门化的产业来发展,我国肉牛产业才能稳步前进,文章涉及的依据和论点谨代表了作者对雪花牛肉产业的认识和思路,以启发读者思考。     

生产"雪花"牛肉的技术要点

所谓“雪花”牛肉即指脂肪沉积到肌肉纤维之间,形成明显的红、白相间,状似大理石花纹的牛肉,国内外也称其为大理石状牛肉。这种牛肉香、鲜、嫩,是中西餐均宜的高档牛肉,价格较贵。现将生产“雪花”牛肉的技术要点介绍如下。1选择适宜的品种不是所有的品种牛都能生产大理石状牛肉,特别是瘦肉型品种很难达到。我国四大良种黄牛如山西的晋南牛、陕西的秦川牛、山东的鲁西牛、河南的南阳牛以及辽宁和吉林的延边牛等很容易达到“雪花”肉标准。国外品种如安格斯、海福特、西门塔尔、短角牛等品种生产“雪花”肉的性能最好,因此,我县大力引进国内…     

关于组织开展雪花牛肉生产专用肉牛新品种培育的建议

雪花牛肉的特点是牛肉中脂肪含量较多,脂肪在肌肉中分布呈雪花状,多以牛背最长肌横断面的雪花分布程度确定牛肉等级。这种牛肉口感细腻、多汁、嫩软,风味独特,深受消费者青睐。世界上以日本黑毛和牛最为著名,国内尚无专用雪花牛肉品种。黑龙江省具备了培育雪花牛肉专用肉牛新品种的基础条件和产业优势。本文主要介绍雪花牛肉专用肉牛新品种培育工作的主要思路,阐述新品种培育的必要性和可行性以及现实意义。     

高档红牛肉和雪花牛肉生产关键技术

高档牛肉是指通过选用适宜的肉牛品种,采用特定的育肥技术和分割加工技术,生产出肉质细嫩多汁、肌肉内含有一定量脂肪、营养价值高、风味佳的优质牛肉.虽然高档牛肉占胴体的比例约12％,但价格比普通牛肉高10倍以上.因此,生产高档雪花牛肉是提高养牛业生产水平,增加经济效益的重要途径.近年来,天水市引进日本和牛冻精3 000多支,与本地西杂母牛进行杂交改良,取得了良好效果,累计出栏和西杂肉牛1 800多头,多创收360万元,在高档红牛肉和雪花牛肉生产中总结出了一套完整的技术.     

中国雪花牛肉产业联盟成立

8月8日,中国雪花牛肉产业联盟在辽宁省大连市成立,标志着中国高档肉牛产业朝着自主化、标准化、规模化、科学化、市场化的发展方向迈出重要一步,产业联盟将全国范围内的先进肉牛企业和科技骨干力量团结起来,联手保护开发我国优良肉牛品种资源,培育中国自主雪花牛肉优秀品牌,规范雪花牛肉生产的行业标准,共同倡导行业自律,维护肉牛业市场秩序,逐步实现中国高档肉牛产业的品牌化及中国品牌牛肉的产业化。     

日本和牛杂交牛的育肥关键技术

日本和牛是世界上公认的优秀肉牛品种,利用该品种所生产的牛肉品质也是独一无二的,质地柔软、细嫩多汁,具有浓厚的牛肉风味,牛肉外观表现出极强的大理石花纹,呈多星状,像雪花一样均匀有致地分布在牛肉中,鲜嫩可口,称得上是牛肉产品中的极品[1].     

中国首部“雪花牛肉分级标准”立项

<正>近日,"雪花牛肉分级标准"(以下简称"标准")在国家农业标准委员会正式立项。这意味着,国家优质牛肉将得到保护,将有效带动国内肉牛行业发展。据了解,雪花牛肉即指脂肪沉积到肌肉纤维之间,形成明显的红、白相间,状似大理石花纹的牛肉,国内外也称其为大理石状牛肉,在牛不同的部位均有。雪花牛肉多以其分布的密度、形状和肉质作为等级之分,但是行业并无明确的标准。许多业内人士认为,中国肉牛品质不比欧洲和日本等国的差,但是对肉牛分级的缺失致使中国牛肉自主品牌在市场上缺乏优势。为了更好地规范中国肉牛生产企业,中     

和牛改良和饲养管理技术的推广应用

和牛与荷斯坦牛杂交生产高端雪花牛肉,在日本已得到广泛应用,效果较为理想。在国内没有大规模投入生产,处于空白。龙江县和杜蒙县的实践证明,和牛改良和饲养管理技术是成功的,可以大规模推广应用,以解决国内生产高端雪花牛肉品种匮乏的问题。高档肉牛产业化,涉及很多环节,其中规模改良和饲养管理技术推广是重要的两个环节。     

莱芜猪雪花猪肉的形成与评选标准

雪花猪肉是继雪花牛肉后出现的新名词,文内从莱芜猪的选育、生态饲养模式、肉质测定等多方面介绍了莱芜猪雪花猪肉的形成和评定标准。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.