重组禽流感H5+H7二价灭活疫苗的免疫效果评估与分析

为了客观评价重组禽流感H5+H7二价灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-8株+H7N9Re-1株)的免疫效果及当前禽流感免疫程序的合理性,提高本地区禽流感防控工作水平,采用血凝抑制试验(HI)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对某养殖场免疫的100羽蛋鸡进行不同时间段H5、H7亚型禽流感抗体水平检测。结果:在免疫后21～252 d,HI和ELISA检测禽流感H5亚型抗体合格率均为74%～100%;禽流感H7亚型HI检测抗体合格率为78%～100%,ELISA检测抗体合格率为76%～100%。结果表明:HI与ELISA抗体检测结果基本相符,在免疫后21～252 d免疫抗体合格率均达到国家规定≥70%的要求,重组禽流感H5+H7二价灭活疫苗免疫效果良好。     

地方品种肉用禽主要疫病免疫效果调查与研究

为了切实掌握肉用家禽主要疫病的免疫效果,对使用2种不同免疫程序的肉用家禽分组采集血清样品112份,进行新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)和禽流感(H5re-6株、首免)采用血凝与血凝抑制实验进行抗体水平监测。结果发现完全采用饮水免疫的程序B组家禽新城疫ND和禽流感(H5re-6株)群体合格率(分别为18.06%和45.83)明显低于程序A组家禽(分别为82.5%和85%)。确定地方品种肉用家禽免疫应采用程序A进行。     

鸡鸭H7N9禽流感和新城疫抗体水平检测结果分析

为掌握衢州市衢江区鸡鸭H7N9禽流感和新城疫的免疫效果，笔者从2019至2021年连续3年对辖区内的规模养殖场及散养户鸡和鸭开展免疫抗体水平检测。检测结果表明，鸡H7N9禽流感、鸡新城疫及鸭H7N9禽流感的抗体合格率分别为93.91%、79.75%及90.96%,均达到国家规定合格率，其中鸡H7N9禽流感的抗体合格率显著高于鸡新城疫的抗体合格率(P=0.014);规模场的新城疫抗体合格率为88.37%显著高于散养户的抗体合格率61.15%(P=0.012);H7N9禽流感抗体合格率与新城疫抗体合格率在上半年和下半年间没有显著差异，说明季节对抗体合格率的影响较小。     

禽流感灭活疫苗免疫效果评价试验

随机抽取6个厂家的重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗(Re-6株+Re-8株)和6个厂家的禽流感二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-6株+H9N2 Re-2株)进行免疫效果评价试验。结果表明,二免后28 d,H5亚型二价灭活疫苗组的免疫抗体合格率在95.24%以上;二价灭活疫苗组H5和H9亚型抗体合格率在94.74%以上,免疫效果较好。     

蛋鸡H5、H9亚型禽流感和新城疫免疫血清抗体与卵黄抗体检测比较分析

为分析蛋鸡免疫后卵黄抗体与血清抗体的相关性,试验采集经H5、H9亚型禽流感和新城疫疫苗免疫的黔东南小香鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡、威宁鸡血清样本和卵黄样本,采用血凝抑制试验进行相关免疫抗体检测。结果:3个地方品种鸡的血清样本和卵黄样本中均可检测出H5、H9亚型禽流感和新城疫免疫抗体,且几何平均效价均大于24以上,达到免疫合格标准,不同地方品种鸡群间差异不显著(P>0.05);免疫后30d,卵黄样本免疫抗体几何平均效价低于血清样本,但差异不显著(P>0.05);免疫后60d,卵黄样本免疫抗体几何平均效价低于血清样本,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明:卵黄抗体与血清抗体呈正相关性,卵黄抗体几何平均效价均低于血清抗体。在临床上可用卵黄抗体替代血清抗体进行H5、H9亚型禽流感和新城疫疫苗免疫效果的评价,但应选择在免疫后30d以内。     

平符区蛋鸡禽流感、新城疫免疫效果监测及其免疫程序探索

面对全球动物疫病防控形势，禽流感、新城疫毒株的变异与毒力增强，笔者于2009年2～12月份，通过对平谷区某蛋鸡场的H；N，（Re4、Re5）、ND跟踪监测母源抗体消长和免疫效果情况，摸索出适宜平谷地区蛋鸡高致病性禽流感和新城疫的科学免疫程序。根据适宜的免疫程序，2010~2011年共跟踪监测、指导全区5212个场次6080个批次蛋鸡的禽流感、新城疫适时免疫、监测，其中对361个批次1390900只蛋鸡提出禽流感“立即加强免疫”的指导意见．对120个批次342000只蛋鸡提出新城疫“立即加强免疫”的指导意见．避免了免疫失败造成的损失。2010、2011年全区蛋鸡H；N，（Re4、Re5）、NI）免疫抗体的总体保护率HiNI--P．e5株分别为89．01％、88．24％，H5N1-Re4株分别为91．45％、92．88％，新城疫分别为92．64％、94-26％，比农业部颁布的70％合格率标；住高出18~25个百分点，使全区蛋鸡免疫抗体始终保持在较高保护水平．笔者在平谷区蛋鸡重大疫病防控监测上尽了一个专业技术人员的职责，为平谷区蛋鸡产业的健康稳步发展做出了贡献.     

通海县蛋鸡养殖场禽流感和新城疫血清学调查

为了调查通海县规模化蛋鸡养殖场禽流感和新城疫的流行情况,本试验结合养殖场的免疫情况,随机采集10个蛋鸡养殖场卵黄样品148份,采用血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)实验进行抗体检测分析。结果显示:10个蛋鸡场中HY1和HHX蛋鸡场ND抗体平均值不合格,MGQ蛋鸡场H9抗体平均值不合格,H5-6抗体平均值全都合格,XJW、LHY、WY、QJY、YGL蛋鸡场H5-7抗体平均值不合格;新城疫抗体合格率为89.87%,禽流感H9、H5-6和H5-7亚型抗体合格率分别为91.98%、77.63%、42.19%,其新城疫抗体水平良好,禽流感H5-7亚型抗体整体水平偏低,其中,有少数样品H5-7亚型抗体效价偏高,怀疑以前有野毒感染过;新城疫和禽流感H9和H5-6抗体极差都≤5,其抗体水平较为均匀,而禽流感H5-7抗体极差相差大,QJY和YGL蛋鸡场的H5-7抗体极差为10。这些数据为通海县蛋鸡养殖场禽流感和新城疫的防控及免疫工作提供参考。     

鸡新城疫(基因Ⅶ型)、禽流感(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗(aSG10株+G株)在蛋鸡上的安全性及免疫效果研究

为了研究成都天邦生物制品有限公司生产的鸡新城疫(基因Ⅶ型)、禽流感(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗(aSG10株+G株)对蛋鸡的安全性和免疫效果,在北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司京红1号蛋鸡养殖场进行相关试验。结果显示:疫苗经不同免疫途径(皮下注射和肌肉注射)、不同免疫剂量(单剂量和超剂量)接种115日龄蛋鸡后,未见任何不良反应,注射部位疫苗吸收良好,产蛋率与空白对照组无明显差异。试验鸡免疫后14d,新城疫HI抗体平均滴度为10.9log2,H9亚型禽流感HI抗体平均滴度为9.1log2,免疫后6个月新城疫HI抗体水平不低于6.9log2,H9亚型禽流感HI抗体水平不低于7.4log2。分别于免疫后21d和6个月对免疫鸡进行攻毒,新城疫攻毒保护率为100%,禽流感攻毒保护率为95%。表明该二联苗对蛋鸡安全、有效,且免疫持续期长,可用于蛋鸡的免疫。     

六盘水市规模养殖场H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体检测及免疫效果分析

为动态了解掌握六盘水市辖区内规模养殖场H5亚型禽流感免疫效果,试验随机抽取9个规模养殖场采集鸡血清318份,用血凝及血凝抑制试验方法检测H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体。结果显示:9个规模养殖场中有5个养殖场H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率达到70%以上,有4个规模养殖场的H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率较低,未达到我市免疫抗体水平保护率常年保持在70%以上的要求。     

2014—2016年新疆部分地区禽流感和新城疫的监测分析

为了解新疆地区禽流感(H5、H7和H9)和新城疫免疫抗体及病原感染情况,对2014—2016年新疆4个县、市采集的禽血清和喉头/泄殖腔拭子样品进行检测。结果显示,这些地区的禽流感和新城疫免疫抗体水平总体较高,但部分场点的禽流感免疫合格率较低,未达到农业部规定的70%以上标准;部分场点还检出H9亚型禽流感核酸阳性。结果提示,对禽流感免疫合格率低的场点应强化抗体水平的实时监测,立即开展补免工作;应积极开展H9亚型禽流感监测,做到早发现、早报告、早处理、早控制。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。