玉米品种多环境测试数据的最优相对转化方法

相对评价是农作物品种多环境测试的主要评价方式。该文设计了5种测试数据的相对转化方法,同时,提出标准差比值这一指标,用于判别相对转化方法的优劣,并根据8 a中国玉米品种区试数据进行了实证分析。结果表明：该文提出的5种试验数据相对转化方法,均可适用于不同观测性状,相对值信息量丰富、易于理解,并有助于进行多指标加权与作图分析。标准差比值可直接反映经不同方法转化后,相对值与品种遗传特征的接近程度,可用于多环境测试数据相对转化方法优劣的判别。对于大部分性状,最优的数据相对转化方法依次为：以组均值为参照系的3S和2S转化法>标准位次法>以组均值为参照系的类NDVI法>以对照值为参照系的类NDVI法>以对照值为参照系的3S和2S转化法>原始观测值。其中,以组均值为参照系的3S和2S转化值与遗传特征最为接近,可作为品种多环境测试数据的主要相对转化方法。     

基于双特异性单克隆抗体的克百威和三唑磷多残留ELISA分析方法研究及在环境样品中应用

采用杂交-杂交瘤技术制备抗克百威和三唑磷的双特异性单克隆抗体并进行纯化,通过对反应模式、工作浓度、包被缓冲液、有机溶剂、离子强度、pH值等条件优选,建立优化的ELISA分析方法,对克百威和三唑磷的线性回归方程分别为Y=20.0091n(x)-9.9293(R2 =0.9959)和Y=19.486In(x)+39.752 (R2=0.9945),抑制中浓度I50分别为20ng·mL-1和1.69ng· mL-1,最低检测限I20分别为4.46ng·mL-1和0.36ng· mL-1.建立的ELISA分析方法对水、土壤等环境样品中克百威和三唑磷的平均添加回收率介于88.4％ ～117％之间,说明所制备的双特异性单克隆抗体和建立的ELISA分析方法可靠,可应用于克百威和三唑磷的多残留免疫分析.     

综述: 酸性硫酸盐土壤的环境风险评价分析方法

Assessment of acid sulfate soil risk is an important step for acid sulfate soil management and its reliability depens very much on the suitability and ccuracy of various analytical methods for estimating sulfide-derived potential acidity,actual acidity and-neutralizing capacity in acid sulfate soils.This paper cirtically reviews various nalytical methods that are currently used for determination of the above parameters,as well as their implications for environmental risk assessment of acid sulfate soils.     

Comparison of Analytical Methods for Quantifying the Levels of Lead,Cadmium, Chromium,and Nickel in Mineral Fertilizers and Industrial By-products

The control of contaminants in fertilizers and industrial by-products is fundamental to safe food production, and it requires low-cost, reliable test methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the USEPA 3051a and alternative analytical methods [concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), 10 percent HCl, 10 percent sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and 50 mmol L^?1 diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)] for quantifying the levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in zinc and/or copper sources. The sample digestions with concentrated HCl, H₂SO₄, and nitric acid (HNO₃) (USEPA 3051a) were heated. Extraction without heating and stirring was employed in 10 percent HCl and 50 mmol L^?1 DTPA methods. The Graybill’s modified F-test, t-test for mean error, and the linear correlation coefficient analysis were used to compare test method performance. Equivalent results to USEPA 3051a were found with the following methods: DTPA for the extraction of lead in zinc sources and concentrated HCl and H₂SO₄ for the extraction of cadmium and chromium in copper sources. However, the absolute values of cadmium, chromium, and nickel recovered by the use of H₂SO₄ were greater regardless of the source. The greater extraction of contaminants in the evaluated methods suggests that there is need to review the official method if the aim is to quantify the total levels of these elements in raw materials and mineral fertilizers.