寡果糖对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢、免疫和内分泌机能的影响

10月龄蛋用鹌鹑 50羽 ,随机分为对照组 (基础日粮 )和试验组 (基础日粮添加 0 9%寡果糖 ) ,研究日粮添加寡果糖 (FOS)对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢、免疫及内分泌机能的影响。结果表明 :试验组鹌鹑的产蛋率和蛋重提高 ,料蛋比下降 ;血清总胆固醇 (P <0 0 5)和蛋黄胆固醇浓度降低 ;T淋巴细胞转化率和血液中三碘甲腺原氨酸 (T3)水平显著提高 (P <0 0 5)。试验结果表明 ,寡果糖对蛋用鹌鹑产蛋性能有一定促进作用 ,显著影响脂肪代谢 ,提高细胞免疫功能 ,同时使血液中甲状腺激素水平发生显著变化。     

江河源地区草地植被变化特征及水土保持功能评价

利用青海省江河源地区河南、曲麻莱、甘德3个牧业气象观测站1995-2004年的定位观测资料,从牧草生育期、高度、产量和种群结构4个方面分析了青海江河源地区的草地变化特征,结果表明:由于牧草的返青期和枯黄期发生变化,使得江河源地区的牧草生育期延长了3～5 d.综合分析江河源地区牧草高度、产量和种群结构发现,长江源区的曲麻莱牧草退化趋势和程度较小,而河源区的牧草均呈现一定的退化趋势,尤以河南显著.通过分析由植被覆盖度换算得出的草地水土保持系数发现,从东往西呈现逐渐减小的趋势,低值区出现在玉树州的治多县,高值区出现在黄南州的河南县.久治县、班玛县、甘德县、河南县和泽库县草地水土保持功能较好,治多县为差区,其他地区为较差区.     

宗教信仰对人们认知甘南草地功能及管理方式的影响

摘要：宗教信仰通过特定的宗教仪式和活动严重影响人们认知事物的意识。本研究以甘南为例,采用网状问卷调查方式分析了宗教信仰对草地功能和管理模式认知的影响。结果表明,不同宗教信仰对草地重要性、生产功能和生态功能一致性以及人与草地之间关系认知方面存在明显差异,但所有宗教信仰者均认为人为因素是草地退化的主要因素。宗教信仰对草地管理模式的影响较为复杂,佛教信仰者对草地管理模式了解程度最高,基督教信仰者最小;道教信仰者对目前草地管理模式下的生活现状满意度最高,基督教信仰者的满意度最低;佛教信仰者认为草地管理模式需要改变的比例最大;基督教信仰者认为改变草地管理模式主要原因是保护生活环境,而佛教、伊斯兰教和道教信仰者认为提高收入和便于孩子入学是改变草地管理模式的主要原因。说明宗教信仰对草地功能和管理模式认知既具有分异性,又具有趋同性。     

饲料中添加乳酸菌固态制剂对肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响

为探讨乳酸菌固态制剂对三黄肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响,采用单因素设计试验,选择体重相近的3周龄三黄肉鸡600只随机分成4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复50只,1组饲喂基础日粮为空白对照,2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的乳酸菌固态制剂,试验期为21 d。在试验结束时测定三黄肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能指标IgG、IgA、IgM、新城疫(ND)抗体效价。结果表明:(1)试验2、3、4组的平均日采食量(ADFI)均高于1组(P> 0.05),试验3、4组的平均日增重(ADF)分别较1组提高10.56%、8.52%(P <0.05),料重比(F/G)分别较1组降低16.30%、12.82%(P <0.05)。(2)试验3、4组的血清中IgG、ND抗体效价分别较1组提高35.58%、34.29%、25.36%、21.73%(P <0.05),试验2、3、4组血清中IgM、IgA含量均高于1组(P> 0.05)。综上,在基础日粮中添加1.5%乳酸菌固态制剂可以提高三黄肉鸡生长性能和免疫机能。     

利多卡因、布吡卡因行硬膜外阻滞对羊肝、肾功能的影响

为研究利多卡因、布吡卡因硬膜外阻滞对山羊肝、肾功能的影响,将16只成年山羊被随机分成2组(n=8),L3-4之间行硬膜外穿刺、置管后,分别注入2%多利卡因6mg/kg和0.75%布吡卡因2mg/kg。在注药前及注药后的30min、24h、72h和120h采集血样,测定ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GT及LDH的活性和Bilirubin、Grea、UA和Gluc等生化指标。结果表明,利多卡因、布吡卡因行硬膜外阻滞对血清ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GT及LDH活性和Grea、Urea、Gluc和Bilirubin均没有明显影响。     

叶面喷施硼肥对西北旱寒区冬油菜保护酶、产量及经济性状的影响

本试验研究了叶面喷施不同浓度硼肥对西北旱寒区冬油菜（Brassica napus）保护酶、产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明,适当施硼可以诱导旱寒区冬油菜保护酶SOD、POD、CAT 和APX活性提高,硼浓度为0.16%时SOD、CAT和APX活性最高。喷施硼肥处理的冬油菜,其株高、分枝部位、主花序长度、主花序有效角果数、全株有效角果数、角果长度、角果粒数、千粒重和单株产量均明显高于对照。硼肥浓度为0.16%时冬油菜产量和含油量最高,较对照分别高36.85%和14.52%。西北旱寒区冬油菜最佳叶面喷施硼肥浓度为0.16%。     

大豆黄酮对奶牛免疫功能和血清及乳中激素水平的影响

研究口服大豆黄酮对奶牛免疫功能和血清及乳中GH(生长激素)、PR(L催乳素)、S(S生长抑素)水平的影响。结果表明:①大豆黄酮能明显提高血清及乳中特异性抗体水平,表明奶牛整体和乳腺器官的体液免疫功能明显增强;②奶牛血清及乳中GH、PRL含量明显高于对照组,而血清SS含量显著低于对照组。实验结果提示:垂体GH、PRL、和体内SS可能参与了大豆黄酮对奶牛免疫功能的调节过程。     

锌、铁和维生素A互作对肉仔鸡血清和肝脏抗氧化效应的影响

试验选用360只健康1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡(公、母混养),采用2×2×3三因子析因化设计,将360只试验雏鸡随机分成12组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。锌的添加浓度为50、100mg/kg,铁的添加浓度为30、60mg/kg,维生素A的添加浓度为1500、3000、6000IU/kg。测定了肉仔鸡血清、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、铜锌超氧化物歧化(酶CuZn-SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,以此来研究不同水平的锌、铁、维生素A同时添加,三者在肉仔鸡血清、肝脏抗氧化功能方面的互作效应。结果表明:锌、铁与维生素A三者互作对提高肉仔鸡血清CuZn-SOD活性影响极显(著P<0.01),对提高肉仔鸡肝脏GSH-Px活性和降低MDA含量影响极显(著P<0.01)。这说明锌、铁、维生素A三者之间在肉仔鸡抗氧化方面存在协同效应。     

Effects of feeding mother liquor,by‐product of monosodium glutamate,on digestibility,energy and nitrogen balances,and rumen condition in Thai native bulls

Four Thai native bulls were used to evaluate the availability of mother liquor (ML), by‐product of monosodium glutamate, as a replacement of soybean meal (SBM) consisting of 10% in concentrate. The SBM was replaced by the ML at 0% (C), 20% (T1), 40% (T2), and 60% (T3), and the experiment was a randomized block design experiment. The animals were fed concentrate and roughage (60:40, on a dry matter [DM] basis). There were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, crude protein, ether extract, acid detergent fiber expressed exclusive of residual ash and non‐fibrous carbohydrate, and energy and nitrogen balances among the treatments. However, the digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber in T2 was lower than the other treatments (p < .05). The valeric acid of T2 was lower than those of C and T1 and the iso‐valeric acid of T3 was the lowest (p < .05), followed by those of T2, T1, and C at 4 hr post‐feeding. No significant differences were observed in the ruminal total VFA concentrations, pH, and NH₃‐N among the treatments. These results suggested that SBM could be replaced by the ML up to 60% without adverse effects on nitrogen and energy balance, rumen conditions, and blood metabolites in Thai native bulls.     

牦牛藏羊混合放牧对高寒草地紫花针茅功能性状的影响

植物功能性状是植物响应草地变化的主要指标,对于了解草地发展进程具有重要意义.本试验对牦牛、藏羊混合放牧(不同放牧方式)下对紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)叶片元素含量(碳含量、氮含量、碳氮比)及种群表型性状指标(植株高度、单株重、叶厚、比叶面积)进行测定,旨在明确放牧方式对紫花针茅的影响.结果显示:不同放牧方式...     

Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets

This study evaluated the effects of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues (FGBLR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets. Pigs were allotted to five dietary treatments, including negative control (NC: antibiotic free basal diet), positive control (PC) (NC + 30 mg apramycin/kg) and FGBLR‐50, 100, 150 (NC + 50, 100, 150 g FGBLR/kg). Pigs in FGBLR‐100 and PC treatments showed increased final body weight, average daily gain, gain:feed and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, N and gross energy (P < 0.05) compared with NC, FGBLR‐50 and FGBLR‐150 treatments, In addition, pigs fed with FGBLR‐100 diet showed higher serum total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, hemoglobin, total iron, total iron binding capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione superoxide dismutase levels, and lower serum blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels than those fed with PC and NC diets (P < 0.05). Moreover, feeding FGBLR‐100 could increase levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM, as well as lymphocyte transformation rates, ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells and proportions of CD2+, CD4+, B, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐I and MHC‐II cells, and can decrease proportion of CD8+ cells in blood of piglets compared with PC and NC groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 10% of FGBLR showed greatest beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets, which were superior to antibiotic supplemental diets.