作物生长模拟模型在上海精准农业和智能温室中的运用及前景（综述）

作物生长模拟模型是精准农业支持技术的核心部分之一，也是温室生长智能化操作与管理软件的核心部分。本文综述了作物生长模型建立的过程，及目前国内外在精准农业和智能温室中的运用现状，进一步提出现阶段我国开展蔬菜作物模型和专家系统研究的若干方法。并展望了蔬菜作物生长模拟模型在精准确农业和智能温室应用领域中的应用和前景。     

生物多样性和我国作物遗传资源多样性

生物多样性问题,已受到国际社会的高度重视。本文概述了生物多样性的内容和意义以及国际“生物多样性公约”。介绍了作为生物多样性重要组成部分的作物遗传资源多样性。中国作物遗传资源十分丰富,在世界上占有重要地位。保护和利用好作物遗传资源已成为我国和世界各国的共同愿望和紧迫任务。     

知识经济与农业可持续发展

论述了知识的特点，分析了知识经济对我国农业发展的挑战。提出了知识经济对我国农业可持续发展的要求和对策。     

可持续发展战略与农业的可持续发展

文章论述了可持续发展战略是人类对工业文明深刻反思的产物，是人类发展观念由传统的工业文明向现代的生态文明的一次历史性的跨越。阐明了可持续发展理论的提出与发展，分析了走可持续发展道路是中国发展的必然选择，以及中国实现农业可持续发展的目标与内容。     

农业科技创新与我国农业的可持续发展

阐述了我国农业发展现状及可持续发展过程中所面临的问题 ,提出了以农产品创新、制度机制创新和农业科技创新为主要内容的农业创新体系给我国农业带来进一步发展的契机 ;围绕农业科技创新 ,加强农业科技体制改革 ,坚持生物技术主导性 ,创办农业高新技术产业 ,可保障和促进农业可持续发展。     

地理信息系统的农业应用与进展

地理信息系统(GIS)属空间数据管理系统，它既是一门学科，也是一门技术。本文在简要介绍了地理信息系统基本原理的基础上，论述了GIS在农业上的一些应用与进展，并对GIS的应用作了进一步的探讨。     

浅谈精准农业与农业可持续发展

世纪之交,精准农业成为农业高新技术应用研究的“热门”课题。本文认为实施精准农业是促进农业可持续发展的有效途径,必将对我国农业生产产生重大影响。根据我国是1个农业大国,农业是国民经济基础产业的国情,剖析精准农业发展的理论基础和技术体系,探讨我国推进精准农业的难点及应采取的措施具有重要的意义。     

GREEN AGRICULTURE AND BLUE WATER IN CHINA: REINTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CLEAN WATER

• AGD aims for a green environment, sustainable agriculture and clean water. • Presenting examples of the impact of agriculture on water quality. • Presenting examples of solutions for sustainable agriculture and improved water quality. • Integration of livestock and cropping systems is possible on a farm or among farms. • Providing recommendations for further development of sustainable agriculture. Crop and livestock production are essential to maintain food security. In China, crop and livestock production were integrated in the past. Today, small backyard systems are still integrated but the larger livestock farms are landless and largely geographically separated from crop production systems. As a result, there is less recycling of animal manures and there are lower nutrient use efficiencies in the Chinese food production systems. This, in turn, results in considerable losses of nutrients, causing water pollution and harmful algal blooms in Chinese lakes, rivers and seas. To turn the tide, there is a need for agricultural “green” development for food production through reintegrating crop and livestock production. An additional wish is to turn the Chinese water systems “blue” to secure clean water for current and future generations. In this paper, current knowledge is summarized to identify promising interventions for reintegrating crop and livestock production toward clean water. Technical, social, economic, policy and environmental interventions are addressed and examples are given. The paper highlights recommended next steps to achieve “green” agriculture and “blue” water in China.     

可持续发展与上海都市农业产业化

都市经济是一个综合的有机体,上海都市农业作为与都市经济发展和人民生活息息相关的基础产业,应当优先实施可持续发展战略。上海都市农业的可持续发展,一定要体现生态持续性、经济持续性和社会持续性的统一,并且必须走都市农业产业化的道路。具体来讲,就是要实现都市农业的专业化生产。区域化布局、一体化经营、企业化管理、品牌化决策和社会化服务等。     

研究节源高效持续农业是土肥科学肩负的历史重任

土壤是人类生存最基本的自然资源．农田的减少及土壤退化、沙化、盐碱化和沼泽化，严重威胁人类的生存．要使我国人均粮食在本世纪末达到４００公斤，就要走节源高效持续农业的道路，即在有限资源条件下，发挥其生产，注重生态系统，物质循环与各类资源的平衡与协调，增加农业产出，并保持其稳定增长．实践证明，土肥科学在研究节源高效持续农业方面，大有用武之地。应增加其投资强度，突出重点，加强综合配套研究。     

作物生化它感现象及其应用展望(综述)

系统地综述了近年国内外有关植物生化它感现象的研究结果,并对此作了较全面的论述,分析了供体植物,受体植物,微生物及光温肥水等生物因素和非生物因素与生化它感现象的关系,展望了生化它感现象在农业上的应用前景。     

农业高效用水与节水农业的可持续发展

水资源紧缺已成为我国农业发展的制约因素，农业生产必须走高效用水之路。本文论述了我国水资源利用的基本现状，并就农业高效用水与节水农业的可持续发展进行了讨论。最后，依据国情，提出了几点农业高效用水技术思路。     

CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CHINA: THE HISTORY OF STATE POLICY GOALS,REFORM OPPORTUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS

This paper examines the historical evolution of crop-livestock integration in China with a specific focus on its role in mitigating non-point source pollution.Extensive examination of existing literature has unearthed the roots of croplivestock integration dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty(1046 to 771BCE), ultimately culminating in a multifaceted and intricately interwoven system of rural development policies seen in contemporary China. This paper identifies and characterizes four distinct...     

农村水利的可持续发展概念与江苏农村水利实践的几个问题

首次给出了农村水利可持续发展的定义,并按照农村水利可持续发展的概念,针对江苏农村水利建设的现状,提出了江苏农村水利建设、规划和管理的可持续发展措施.     

FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION: CONCEPTS,MECHANISMS AND PRACTICES

<正>The global food systems face significant interrelated and complex challenges,including climate change,extreme weather events,natural resource depletion,biodiversity loss,emerging plant and animal diseases,conflict and trade shocks.The number of global populations that lacked access to adequate food sharply increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.It is estimated that in 2021,about 702 million to 828 million people around the world suffer from hunger,with an increase of 150million people a...     

三峡库区农林复合经营模式及其可持续发展研究

】针对三峡库区农林复合经营的主要模式、经营特点、效益及存在的问题,提出了农林复合经营的可持续发展对策和农林复合经营技术是实现库区持续发展的有效途径。     

WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE:MULTI-POLLUTANT PERSPECTIVES

Agriculture is an important cause of multiple pollutants in water. With population growth and increasing food demand, more nutrients, plastics,pesticides, pathogens and antibiotics are expected to enter water systems in the 21st century. As a result, water science has been shifting from singlepollutant to multi-pollutant perspectives for large-scale water quality assessments. This perspective paper summarizes and discusses four main highlights related to water pollution and agriculture from the ...     

广东天井山森林与植物多样性的研究

应用无偏对应排序法和二元指示种分析法分析了天井山地区１１个不同演替阶段阔叶林群落的分布特点和植物区系多样性。结果显示，所调查的常绿阔叶林可划分为两大类：中山常绿阔叶林和丘陵低山常绿阔叶林；前者分布在海拔９００ｍ以上的山地，后者分布在海拔３９０－９００ｍ是山地。     

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT INDEX: DEFINITION,GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS

● A composite N management index is proposed to measure agriculture sustainability. ● Nitrogen management has been moving towards sustainability targets globally. ● The improvement was achieved mainly by yield increase, while Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) stagnated. ● No country achieved both yield and NUE targets and spatial variation is large. ● Region-specific yield targets can be used to supplement the standard Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI). To represent the sustainability of nitrogen management in the Sustainable Development Goals indicator framework, this paper proposes a sustainable nitrogen management index (SNMI). This index combines the performance in N crop yield and N use efficiency (NUE), thereby accounting for the need for both food production and environmental protection. Applying SNMI to countries around the world, the results showed improvement in the overall sustainability of crop N management over the past four decades, but this improvement has been mainly achieved by crop yield increase, while global NUE has improved only slightly. SNMI values vary largely among countries, and this variation has increased since the 1970s, implying different levels of success, even failure, in improving N management for countries around the world. In the standard SNMI assessment, the reference NUE was defined as 1.0 (considered an ideal NUE) and the reference yield was defined as 90 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹ N (considering a globally averaged yield target for meeting food demand in 2050). A sensitivity test that replaced the reference NUE of 1.0 with more realistic NUE targets of 0.8 or 0.9 showed overall reduction in SNMI values (i.e., improved performance), but little change in the ranking among countries. In another test that replaced the universal reference yield with region-specific attainable yield, SNMI values declined (i.e., improved performance) for most countries in Africa and West Asia, whereas they increased for many countries in Europe and South America. The index can be improved by further investigation of approaches for setting region-specific yield targets and high-quality data on crop yield potentials. Overall, SNMI offers promise for a simple and transparent approach to assess progress of countries toward sustainable N management with a single indicator.