胡椒抗瘟性测定方法研究

对印尼大叶种胡椒土壤盆栽植株和不同期离体叶片用人工接种胡椒瘟菌P2的方法,测定其抗瘟性,结果表明:在温度为±℃、相对湿度为%～%的条件下,稳定期离体叶片与荫棚下土壤盆栽材料均表现2728095出相同的感瘟性。稳定期离体叶片方法可用于胡椒品种和种质的抗瘟性鉴定评价。     

山胡椒叶片次生代谢产物抑菌活性大小分析

分别以甲醇、丙酮、水为提取剂,提取山胡椒叶片的次生代谢产物,并测定3种不同提取液的次生代谢产物含量及体外抑菌效果,评价山胡椒的药用价值,为山胡椒的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。实验结果表明,不同提取液中次生代谢产物含量均是黄酮>鞣质>游离蒽醌>皂甙>生物碱;3种提取液的次生代谢产物含量及抑菌活性存在较大差异,不同提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性要高于大肠杆菌、水可作为山胡椒叶片次生代谢产物的良好提取剂。通径分析表明,影响不同提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性的次生代谢产物主要是总黄酮和总皂甙,影响提取液对大肠杆菌抑菌活性的次生代谢产物主要是总皂甙。     

华南胡椒属植物叶片宏观结构的研究

研究了华南地区胡椒属植物17种和1个变种的叶脉和叶表皮结构,根据叶片宏观结构编制了分种检索表,同时对脉序级的划分、叶片宏观结构对种的鉴定作用及某些种的归并问题作了初步的探讨.     

毛脉树胡椒的栽培技术

毛脉树胡椒（Piper hispidenervum）又名树胡椒、毛叶树胡椒，属胡椒科，胡椒属植物，其枝叶可提取芳香油，叶油富含黄樟素（），是一种Safrol经济价值较高的香料植物。为促进我省在适宜热区对毛脉树胡椒的种植和开发，本文特对毛脉树胡椒的栽培技术作全面介绍。用途及经济价值1 毛脉树胡椒在南美洲原产地干叶出油率为～3%，主要成分黄樟素的含量达～4??%［］1；西双版纳热带植物园引种栽培，干叶出油率～3.41% ，含黄樟素～，与原产地相当，油质4.07??%较好。毛脉树胡椒近缘种奥里图树胡椒（P. auritum）叶油含黄樟素；光…     

胡椒的营养诊断

<正> 胡椒是印度最主要的出口香料作物,它占香料出口总收入的30％。胡椒种植面积为12.5万公顷,占世界胡椒总面积的54％,其中97％是在其原产地—喀拉拉邦。然而自相矛盾的是,喀拉拉邦胡椒平均产量均只有240千克/公顷,而仅200年前才开始种植胡椒的马来西亚为2925千克/公顷。造成喀拉拉邦胡椒低产的原因很多,其中营养因素是主要的。据Wahid等(1982)意见,喀拉拉邦Cannanove区胡椒慢性萎蔫或慢性衰退的主要原因是由于缺N、K。     

胡椒能治病

胡椒是皆大欢喜的佐膳调味品,它以“辣”著称,以“香”受宠.用胡椒调味,不仅具有涤腥增香、诱人食欲之效,而且还有驱寒暖胃、扶正祛邪之功.可治流行性腮腺炎(胡椒粉1克,面粉5—10克,温水调和为糊状,涂于纱布上贴敷肿处固定)、感冒咳嗽(取暖脐膏1张,胡椒8粒,将胡椒研末,放于暖脐膏中央,贴于第二与第三胸椎之间,贴后可致局部发痒,这是药物反应,不必揭去),还治胃寒痛(取生胡椒10粒,大枣3枚,甜杏仁5个,混合捣末,温开水调服,成人日服1剂,儿童及体弱者酌减)、反胃(以胡椒0.9克研末,煨姜30克,合煎汤,分三次服完).     

海南胡椒叶片营养诊断指导施肥试验研究

通过试验提出植株体积、双指标和目标产量三要素构成F公式施肥模式。研究表明:胡椒体积和叶片重、体积和产量呈极显著相关关系,可为高产栽培和目标产量提供科学依据和方法选择;双指标(V_(临界值)-V_(测定值))≤0或≥0,能合理判断胡椒营养丰缺程度,平衡攻花肥、辅助攻花肥和攻果肥之间的养分需求;分析了胡椒结果大小年变化规律,提出表达其变化幅度的产量系数(R%),从小年比大年产量约减半,但单株产量高产园最高、低产园最低的事实,显示出从幼龄胡椒培育高产园应是提高产量的有效措施。     

云南胡椒园选择

<正>胡椒是热带亚热带地区重要的香辛作物,是名贵的调味品,在腌渍工业中常做防腐性香料,是军需民用的南方药材,也是内销和外贸出口的物资。 胡椒在云南已经成为某些农场、社、队的主要作物之一,他们对发展胡椒的积极性很高。但是他们对选好胡椒园地缺乏     

越南的胡椒生产

越南的胡椒种植在南部和中部省份,总面积700公顷,年产黑胡椒约700吨(1吨/公顷)。有四个主要种植区,是低湿热带气候和铁铝土土壤。大部份胡椒是由个体小种植园生产,也有少部份是国营农场和生产合作社所产。作者以越南Binh Tri Thien省为例,讨论了增加和加强越南胡椒生产的可能性a越南的胡椒生产@POHLAN J @杨湘江~~     

海南胡椒产业化发展的思考

近几年来 ,海南胡椒种植业已发展成为继橡胶业之后的第二大热作产业。海南胡椒引种于 1951年[1] ,经几十年的发展 ,胡椒生产已有一定规模。然而胡椒生产几经起落 ,高峰期是 1989年 ,种植面积 13133ｈｍ2 ,年产量 3891ｔ[2 ] 。由于台风和价格的影响 ,至 1994年 ,种植面积降为 10 6 6 6ｈｍ2 ,年产量约 30 0 0ｔ[3 ] 。 1995年以后 ,价格的回升又掀起植椒热潮 ,1995年止植椒面积10 733ｈｍ2 ,产量 8174ｔ[4 ] 。目前全省各地仍在扩种胡椒 ,不久将达到 13333ｈｍ2 ,这对海南农业持续发展和胡椒产业化进程具有积极的作用。1　海南胡椒生产状况…     

Evaluation of waste mushroom medium from cultivation of shiitake mushroom (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lentinula edodes</Emphasis>) as feedstock of enzymic saccharification

The feasibility of using waste mushroom medium (WMM) as a substrate for enzymic saccharification to produce bioethanol or other bioproducts was investigated. WMM was broken up or left unbroken and stored at constant temperatures (5°, 15°, and 25°C) for 1 or 2 month(s) to accelerate lignin degradation by shiitake, which is a white rot fungus, and to increase the saccharification ratio. When the physicochemical properties of WMM and stored WMM were investigated, it was evident that the mushroom medium (MM) lignocellulose had decomposed during shiitake cultivation and its subsequent storage at a constant temperature. WMM and stored WMM were more susceptible to attack by cellulase than MM. When the unbroken WMM that was stored at 25°C for 2 months was saccharized with meicelase at 5 FPU/g substrate, its saccharification ratio was higher than that of unstored WMM. The maximum glucose yield of the stored WMM was 200.5 mg/g substrate, approximately 4.1 times as large as the value for autoclaved MM under the same saccharification condition. The saccharification ratio of the constituent cellulose was approximately 60%.     

Micropropagation of Pinus densiflora and the evaluation of nematode resistance of regenerated microshoots in vitro

To accelerate the breeding and selection of Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc. resistance to pine wilt disease, a micropropagation system was established and nematode resistance evaluated in vitro. Cotyledon-hypocotyl explants from 28-day-old seedlings were first cultured on Gresshoff and Doy medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L^-1 6-benzyladenine and 0.2 mg L^-1 a-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) to stimulate the formation of buds. Induced buds were subsequently subcultured on Gupta and Durzan medium supplemented with 0.1%(w/v)activated charcoal for elongation. Stem sections derived from shoots were used as explants for the further multiplication. Roots were formed from shoots transferred to woody plant medium containing 0.2 mg L^-1 NAA for4 weeks. The nematode resistance test showed that symptoms in micropropagated shoots after infection with pine wood nematode(PWN) were similar to those in plants infected in the field. The wilting rate varied from 20 to100% among different clones 18 days after inoculation.The most susceptible clone was Clone 6-4 with a 100%wilting rate, while Clone 8-4 showed a relatively high resistance with a 20% wilting rate. The number of nematodes recovered from Clone 8-4 shoots was significantly lower(P = 0.05) than from Clones 5-10 and 16-4. This work contributes to the breeding of PWN resistance in P.densiflora.     

A study on the physical mechanism of resistance of main poplar strains againstCryptorrhynchus lapathi L. in North China

The physical mechanism of resistance of poplar againstCryptorrhynchus lapathi L. is directly correlated with the morphological structure of bark, concerning the following 5 aspects: 1. It is correlated with whether surface bark of larva transvered tunnel crack or not, early or late. Those that do not crack or crack late are susceptible strains while those that crack early are resistant strains. 2. It is correlated with thickness of cork layer. Thick cork layer can increase resistance against pest while thin one is more susceptible to pest attack. 3. It is related with age of tree. Trees at the age of 1–2 possess immunity to the pest, at 3–4 are relatively resistant, at 5–8 are susceptible and over 9 are more resistant. 4. It is also correlated with the rate of trees healing round the holes of larva tunnels. Those healing faster arc resistant while those healing slower are susceptible. 5. It is related with the number of various scars on bark surface.     

Induction of tumours by various strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens on Abies nordmanniana and Picea abies

Abies nordmanniana and Picea abies seedlings were inoculated with a wild‐type (C 58) or an attenuated strain (rooter or shooter mutants) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Large tumours were formed on A. nordmanniana in response to the wild‐type and rooter strains, 60–65 % of the seedlings being susceptible. Smaller tumours were formed on Picea abies in response to the wild‐type strain, at least 12% of the seedlings being susceptible. Tumours from both species induced by the wild‐type strain grew in vitro on medium without added phytohormones.     

箭根薯茎尖培养快速繁殖试验

以箭根薯的茎尖为外植体的组培试验结果:MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.5mg.L-1,MS+6-BA0.4mg·L-1+NAA0.05mg·L-1和1/2MS+NAA0.5mg·L-1+AC0.2%分别是对其诱导培养、增殖和生根培养较适宜的培养基;幼苗经炼苗后,移栽到腐殖土∶珍珠岩=2∶1的混合基质上,30d后成活率达95%。     

磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶与抗松针褐斑病的关系

松针褐斑病（Ｌｅｃａｎｏｓｔｉｃｔａａｃｉｃｏｌａ）是我国南方重要病害。在湿地松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｅｌｌｉｏｔｔｉｉ）抗褐斑病选育研究的基础上对湿地松针叶中的６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶与抗病性的关系进行了研究分析。结果表明二年生健康针叶的６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性水平与针叶的抗病性有密切关系。在测定的１３个无性系和单株中，４个易感株的酶活性较低，９个抗病无性系中除个别酶活性与易感株相近外，其余无性系的酶活性和比活性都明显比易感株高。苯丙氨酸解氨酶的株间差异相对较小，但在总体水平上，抗病无性系的酶活性和比活性也比易感株略高。用松针褐斑病菌毒素液处理后，无论是抗病针叶还是易感针叶，６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性均呈上升趋势，升幅为０．５—１倍，但苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性在用毒素处理后无明显变化。     

Physiological studies on variation in resistance of Pinus sylvestris to Lophodermium pinastri

Buffering capacity and pH values of extracts of pine needles varied with age in the course of the ontogeny of needles. Significant differences between a resistant and a susceptible pine clone group in relation to resistance against Lophodermium pinastri could be shown in autumn and winter. Also the variability of the parasite influences the host-parasite interaction as shown by alteration of pH values by 3 L. pinastri strains in cultural trials on needle extract medium.     

非洲菊F1种子的无菌培养试验

将非洲菊F1种子消毒．分别接种在不同成分的MS固体或液体培养基中．在不同光照条件下培养,观察种子萌发、幼苗生长过程。试验结果表明：培养条件中以1／3MS液体培养基,50lx光照下种子发芽速度最快;以1／2MS液体培养基,50 lx光照下发芽率最高,达76％;以1／2MS液体培养基．900 lx光照条件下幼苗生长状况最佳。     

变异连翘的组织培养及快速繁殖的研究

以具有二次开花变异性状的连翘休眠芽为外植体,在附加不同浓度的BA、IAA、IBA、NAA和2,4-D的MS、1／2MS、B5、N6、White培养基上进行离体培养。结果表明：1／2MS＋6-BA0．2mg·L^-1＋NAA0．1mg·L^-1＋IAA0·2mg·L^-1是休眠芽生长的理想培养基;MS＋AgNO30．5mg·L^-1＋6BA1．0mg·L^-1＋NAA0．1mg·L^-1-0．3mg·L^-1是生长芽分化培养和不定芽继代培养的理想培养基;1／2MS＋IAA0．2mg·L^-1NAA0．4mg·L^-1是生根培养和生根继代培养的理想培养基;移植的试管苗保持了二次开花的变异性状。     

斑马水塔花的组织培养和快速繁殖

试验筛选出斑马水塔花的诱导愈伤组织培养基MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1，愈伤组织诱导率达96.7%；继代增殖培养基MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1，增殖倍数达8～9倍；生根培养基MS+KT 0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.5mg·L-1，生根率达100%。幼苗经炼苗后，移栽到经菌肥处理的甘蔗渣∶泥炭土∶珍珠岩＝6∶3∶1的基质上，成活率达95%以上。