The organic content of the Tagish Lake meteorite

The Tagish Lake meteorite fell last year on a frozen lake in Canada and may provide the most pristine material of its kind. Analyses have now shown this carbonaceous chondrite to contain a suite of soluble organic compounds (approximately 100 parts per million) that includes mono- and dicarboxylic acids, dicarboximides, pyridine carboxylic acids, a sulfonic acid, and both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The insoluble carbon exhibits exclusive aromatic character, deuterium enrichment, and fullerenes containing "planetary" helium and argon. The findings provide insight into an outcome of early solar chemical evolution that differs from any seen so far in meteorites.     

The Tagish Lake meteorite: a possible sample from a D-type asteroid

A new type of carbonaceous chondrite, the Tagish Lake meteorite, exhibits a reflectance spectrum similar to spectra observed from the D-type asteroids, which are relatively abundant in the outer solar system beyond the main asteroid belt and have been inferred to be more primitive than any known meteorite. Until the Tagish Lake fall, these asteroids had no analog in the meteorite collections. The Tagish Lake meteorite is a carbon-rich (4 to 5 weight %), aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite and contains high concentrations of presolar grains and carbonate minerals, which is consistent with the expectation that the D-type asteroids were originally made of primitive materials and did not experience any extensive heating.     

Origin and evolution of prebiotic organic matter as inferred from the Tagish Lake meteorite

The complex suite of organic materials in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites probably originally formed in the interstellar medium and/or the solar protoplanetary disk, but was subsequently modified in the meteorites' asteroidal parent bodies. The mechanisms of formation and modification are still very poorly understood. We carried out a systematic study of variations in the mineralogy, petrology, and soluble and insoluble organic matter in distinct fragments of the Tagish Lake meteorite. The variations correlate with indicators of parent body aqueous alteration. At least some molecules of prebiotic importance formed during the alteration.     

The fall, recovery, orbit, and composition of the Tagish Lake meteorite: a new type of carbonaceous chondrite

The preatmospheric mass of the Tagish Lake meteoroid was about 200,000 kilograms. Its calculated orbit indicates affinity to the Apollo asteroids with a semimajor axis in the middle of the asteroid belt, consistent with a linkage to low-albedo C, D, and P type asteroids. The mineralogy, oxygen isotope, and bulk chemical composition of recovered samples of the Tagish Lake meteorite are intermediate between CM and CI meteorites. These data suggest that the Tagish Lake meteorite may be one of the most primitive solar system materials yet studied.     

大明湖沉积物中有机质分布特征

沉积物中有机质对污染物质的迁移与释放行为起着关键的作用.通过对大明湖沉积物中有机质等指标的测试分析发现,大明湖3个点的样品中有机质含量随深度的变化趋势基本相同,表层大于下层;pH值和有机质含量呈显著负相关(R2=0.729,P＜0.01);有机质含量与阳离子交换量(CEC)存在显著的正相关(R2=0.643,P＜0.01);Fe离子与沉积物中有机质相关不显著,Mn离子与沉积物中有机质呈负相关(R2＝0.425,P＜0.05);有机质和温度之间没有明显的相关性.     

Amphibole: first occurrence in a meteorite

This is the first report of an amphibole mineral found in any meteorite. The amphibole richterite (soda tremolite), Na(2)Ca(Mg, Fe)(5)Si(8)O(22)(OH, F)(2), occurs as a primary (preterrestrial) mineral enclosed within graphite nodules in the iron meteorite from Wichita County, Texas.     

Aromatic hydrocarbons in the murchison meteorite

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the Murchison meteorite have been identified by the combined techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The distribution of the aromatic compounds suggests that they are the products of a high-temperature synthesis.     

Graphitic carbon in the Allende meteorite: a microstructural study

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, shows that carbon in the Allende carbonaceous chondrite meteorite is predominantly a poorly crystalline graphite. Such material is of interest as an important carrier of the isotopically anomalous noble gases found in carbonaceous chondrites.     

南京玄武湖有机物特性研究

以玄武湖为例,利用三维荧光分析法,结合紫外可见光吸光度分析和分子量分布分析,研究湖泊中有色可溶性有机物(Chromo-phoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)的组成特征,并分析从引水口到出水闸门不同位置CDOM的变化,明确湖泊中CDOM的变化规律及其性质特征。     

呼伦湖沉积物有机碳的分布特征

以内蒙古高原湖泊呼伦湖为对象,开展了湖泊沉积物有机碳的分布特征研究。结果表明:呼伦湖沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)含量范围为9.18～61.68g·kg-1,平均34.64g·kg-1;重组碳(HFOC)含量范围为9.02～61.47g·kg-1,平均34.32g·kg-1;轻组碳(LFOC)含量范围为0.02～0.86g·kg-1,平均0.32g·kg-1。TOC在空间分布上呈现从北西向南东逐渐递减的趋势。表层沉积物中C/N的平均值为20.35,表明呼伦湖中有机质的多源性。     

Chondrules: first occurrence in an iron meteorite

Complete chondrules and fragments of chondrules have been found within silicate inclusions from the octahedrite iron meteorite Netschaevo. The bulk chemical composition, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry indicate that this chondritic material has properties intermediate between those of the H-group chondrites and those of the enstatite chondrites.     

Hydra viridis: inhibition by the basal disk of basal disk differentiation

When the basal dist of Hydra viridis is excised, a new disk is regenerated. A basal disk grafted on an animal regenerating its own disk can suppress this regeneration. The effect is reversed if the grafted basal disk is subsequently excised. For inhibition to occur, the grafted disk must be present for at least 3 hours, beginning no later than 2 hours after amputation. The results indicate that the basal disk participated in the control of its own differentiation.     

太湖水源水中有机污染物种类初探

采用溶剂萃取-气质联用技术（LLE-GC-MS）测定太湖水源水中有机污染物的种类及含量。结果表明,太湖水源水中的有机污染物主要为邻苯二甲酸酯类、烃类、有机酸类、甾醇类等。     

不同预处理方法对湖泊沉积物有机磷分级的影响

应用了冷冻干燥后过100目筛(A),冷冻干燥后制备自然粒度(B)和新鲜样品(C)3种湖泊沉积物样品常用预处理方法,以太湖不同湖区的4个沉积物样品为研究对象,研究了不同预处理方法对湖泊沉积物有机磷分级的影响。结果表明,从研究湖泊沉积物各有机磷组分背景值的角度来讲,A处理方法所得结果可以较为真实的反映湖泊沉积物各有机磷组分的实际情况。但是,从研究湖泊生态系统磷循环的角度来讲,B处理方法所得结果可能更加接近实际情况。而C处理方法所得结果则在一定程度上低估了各有机磷组分,特别是对有机磷组分中有效性较强的LOP和MLOP影响较大,对MROP有一定影响,而对HROP含量的影响很小。     

Melting relations of the aliende meteorite

The proportions of major oxides in the Allende carbonaceous chondrite after partial reduction are remarkably similar to those in possible mantle material of the earth. When heated, the Allende meteorite generates a sulfide melt (47 percent iron, 25 percent nickel, and 24 percent sulfur by weight), a ferrobasaltic melt, and olivine with or without pyroxene, over a wide pressure range (5 to 25 kilobars). The silicate melt contains more sodium and less titanium than lunar ferrobasalts. An aggregate of the Allende chondrite rich in calcium and aluminum produces silica-undersaturated, calcium-rich melt and spinel over a wide pressure and temperature range. From these studies, it is suggested that the earth's core contains significant amounts of both nickel and sulfur and that a 3 : 2 mixture of Allende bulk sample and calcium- and aluminum-rich aggregates is closer in major element abundances than either of these components to the average composition of the moon.     

Exsolution in ferromagnesian olivine of the divnoe meteorite

Ferromagnesian olivine, one of the most common minerals in the solar system, has been widely regarded as a continuous solid solution, although several thermodynamic analyses have suggested the possibility of a miscibility gap at low temperatures. Natural ferromagnesian olivine from the Divnoe meteorite contains compositionally different exsolution lamellae, providing direct evidence for the existence of a miscibility gap in iron-magnesium olivine solid solutions.     

阿哈湖沉积物孔隙水中溶解有机质的光谱特性

运用紫外-可见吸收光谱和分子荧光光谱,对阿哈湖10个采样点沉积物孔隙水中溶解有机质(Dis-solved organic matter,DOM)的光谱特征进行了研究.结果表明,各水样的紫外-可见吸收光谱在300 nm与400nm处比值表明孔隙水中DOM腐殖化程度比较低、芳香性较小,分子量分布以小分子量的富里酸为主,大分...     

Netschaevo: a new class of chondritic meteorite

The ratios of refractory elements to silicon and of zinc to silicon indicate that the silicate portion of the Netscha?vo meteorite is an ordinary chondrite. The scarcity of chondrules, the large dimensions (about 100 micrometers) of plagioclase grains, and the low indium content (0.09 nanogram per gram) indicate that Netscha?vo belongs to petrologic type 6. On a diagram of reduced iron versus oxidized iron, Netscha?vo lies along an extrapolation of the LL-L-H ordinary chondrite fractionation trend. The abundances of siderophile elements (nickel, germanium, iridium, and gold) are about 1.6 to 2.0 times greater than in H-group chondrites, and siderophile/nickel ratios are, with one exception, those expected from LL-L-H trends. This evidence indicates that Netscha?vo is an extremely iron-rich member of the ordinary chondrite sequence, and that plausible models to account for the ordinary chondrite sequence must produce materials having iron/silicon ratios 25 percent greater than those in CI carbonaceous chondrites. The existence of Netscha?vo emphasizes that the chondritic meteorites in terrestrial collections are a biased and incomplete selection of primitive solar system materials.