地衣芽孢杆菌YB15发酵培养优化的研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验对地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)YB15发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、无机盐进行研究,得出该菌的最适培养基组分为葡萄糖5 g,酵母浸膏7.5g,蛋白胨7.5g,硫酸铵5.0g.在此基础上运用正交试验对地衣芽孢杆菌YB15发酵的最适条件进行研究,得到的最适培养条件为温度25℃,pH 6.5,瓶装量100 mL,接种量4 mL;地衣芽孢杆菌生长曲线的结果表明12 h～18 h时为菌体收集的最佳时间.     

杨树变色真菌生防细菌KLBMP033发酵条件优化

以内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌KLBMP 033对可可球二孢菌的拮抗活性为评价指标,采用单因素多浓度和响应面试验设计法,对其液体发酵培养基和培养条件进行了优化。优化结果表明,发酵培养基为玉米粉17.8g/L,黄豆粉13.7g/L,NaCl5.0g/L;发酵条件pH值7.5,培养温度28℃,转速为180r/min,种子液的接种量4%,装液量60mL/250mL,培养时间为60h;对可可球二孢的抑制率从起始的53.3%提高到83.2%。     

非洲紫罗兰工厂化育苗简化优化的研究

探讨了非洲紫罗兰工厂化育苗采用液体浅层培养,绵白糖代替分析纯蔗糖,纱滤棒过滤水代替蒸馏水和微量元素的培养基简化的方法,从而有效地降低育苗成本73%,同时提高苗木质量,缩短育苗时间,有利于工厂化育苗生产实施.     

毛竹笋醋醋酸菌的筛选

以商业醋酸菌、红曲醋分离的醋酸菌、山西陈醋分离的醋酸菌和笋醋自然发酵的醋酸菌为发酵菌种,采用纯化培养、产酸定性试验初筛出4株醋酸菌。再经过耐酒精试验,产酸速度试验和遗传稳定性试验,得到一株醋酸菌Z2。结果表明:确定醋酸菌Z2产酸速率快、产酸酸度高,遗传较稳定,对其进行16Sr DNA测序分析鉴定为巴氏醋酸杆菌。     

B′yond菌剂液体发酵条件的优化及对养殖废水处理效果的研究

以B′yond混合菌剂作为液态发酵菌剂,使用MRS液体培养基作为基础培养基对其进行了培养,以菌剂生长量(OD600nm)为指标,利用正交实验方法,探寻最佳培养条件,并在此基础上检验混合菌剂对养殖废水的处理能力。结果表明:在培养时间为24h、摇床转速为180r/min、培养温度为30℃、培养基初始pH值为7.5时,发酵液中菌的含量可达1.8×107 CFU/mL。对养殖废水的处理结果表明:当投菌量为10×10-6、曝气处理3d时,COD、氨氮、总磷的去除率分别达到56.87%、45.82%、75.66%。     

湿地松不定芽分化生根与解剖观察

以湿地松器官性愈伤组织为材料,开展不定芽分化、生根与组织解剖学的研究.试验结果表明:不定芽分化最佳培养基为TX+BA 0.5 mg·L-1+IBA 0.5 nag·L-1+30 g·L-1蔗糖;不定芽同步发育最佳培养基为TX+IBA0.5 mg·L-1+30 g·L-1蔗糖;生根培养,初期以无大量元素培养基诱导生根、25天后添加大量元素的培养程序可有效缩短生根培养时间,提高生根率;亮白色、半紧实结构的外部形态及"拟分生组织"的内部结构是器官性愈伤组织的重要标志.     

白僵菌生产工艺规范化技术的研究

通过对白僵菌不同工艺技术生产菌粉产孢量比较研究 ,筛选出工艺规范化生产各环节的最优组合技术参数 ,提出二级液体 (7%麦皮煮出液 )和三级固体培养基 (麦皮∶谷壳 =9∶1)及其液固接种量 (1∶1)最适配方 ,并确定前 3d三级固体开放培养发酵最适温度为 18～ 2 2℃、相对湿度为 95 %～ 10 0 % ,还总结出以二级液体振荡培养 6 0h接种 ,三级固体发酵培养 7～10d ,可获得最优质的菌粉 ,平均含孢量达 2 0 0× 10 8个·g-1以上 ,缩短生产周期 1/3 ,降低生产成本 ,增加菌厂经济收益 ,为菌厂大量生产提供参数依据。     

油松抗猝倒病外生菌根菌种的筛选

采用菌根组织分离法,从油松幼苗根系分离出4种菌根真菌,经鉴定为多根硬皮马勃、高环柄菇、尖顶丝膜菌和丝膜菌.对4个菌种培养基质和特性的研究表明,多根硬皮马勃在酸性麦芽汁琼脂培养基和豆芽汁蔗糖琼脂培养基上生长最快,而高环柄菇适宜在查氏合成培养基上培养,尖顶丝膜菌和丝膜菌适宜在各种天然培养基上培养.4种菌根真菌对镰刀菌的拮抗试验表明,尖顶丝膜菌的拮抗性最强,其次为高环柄菇和丝膜菌,多根硬皮马勃无拮抗性.4种菌根真菌和镰刀菌对3种农药的抗性试验表明,4种菌根真菌的抗药性明显不同,多根硬皮马勃抗药性最强,丝膜菌对多菌灵抗药性最强,尖顶丝膜菌对各种农药的抗性居中,镰刀菌对多菌灵的抗药性最弱.综合分析认为,尖顶丝膜菌是抗油松猝倒病的优良菌剂.     

都百凤桃树离体植株再生培养的研究

以从日本引进的桃树品种都百凤为试材,采用正交设计,研究了6-BA,NAA,接种芽数,活性炭对不定芽增殖与壮苗的影响,探讨了激素、培养基盐浓度、活性炭对都百凤组培苗生根的影响。结果表明,都百风桃树离体植株再生继代增殖培养基为MS＋6BA3mg／L～5mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L～0．2mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L,培养基pH值为5.9,以3芽为1个转接单位,培养温度为25℃,光照强度2000Lx,光照时间16h／d;生根培养基为1／2MS＋IBA0.2mg／L＋蔗糖20g／L＋琼脂7g／L＋活性炭0．4g／L,培养基pH值为6．0,培养温度为22℃,光照强度1600Lx,光照时间16h／d;组培苗转入生根培养基舌暗处理2d,再转到光照下培养有利于生根。     

湿地松成熟合子胚直接器官发生及植株再生

以湿地松成熟胚为外植体诱导不定芽发生,初步建立植株再生体系.先用含不同浓度6-BA的液体培养基处理湿地松成熟胚12～36 h,吸干后转移到无激素的培养基上培养.6周后,经60mg·L-1 6-BA液体培养基预处理12 h的胚不定芽诱导率最高达69%,预处理24 h平均每个外植体产芽数达到最高(9～12个),但芽体较小,在继代培养基中伸长较慢;经30 mg·L-1 6-BA液体培养基预处理的胚不定芽诱导频率较低,仅25%～38%,但芽体健壮,在继代培养基中伸长较快;6-BA浓度大于80 mg·L-1时不利于不定芽分化.不定根诱导的研究结果表明,NAA对不定芽生根具有促进作用,在改良1/2GD NAA0.05mg·L-1培养基中培养4周后,生根率达50%,移栽成活率为60%左右.     

Effects of wood species on degradation rates and bacterial communities in a small-scale biodegradation system for garbage using wood matrices

Simulated organic waste was biodegraded in a laboratory-scale machine using matrices prepared from four wood species to investigate the effects of wood species on the degradation rate and the bacterial community. The degradation rate, estimated by measuring weight loss and CO₂ evolution, was found to be equal among the four wood species. Changes in viable cell counts and microbial communities over time were examined. Viable cell counts were also similar among the wood species, but initial bacterial communities differed owing to differences in wood species, although these communities became similar with time. The sensitivity of isolates to wood extractives was examined using paper discs. The extractive-insensitive bacteria species were dominant at the initial stage of biodegradation. However, occupancy of sensitive bacteria increased with time. It was thought that antibacterial extractives were degraded or inactivated after some time.Part of this report was presented at the 50th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto. Japan, April 2000     

Acetylation of wood in combination with polysiloxanes to improve water-related and mechanical properties of wood

Scots pine sapwood was acetylated with ethyltriacetoxysilane using acetic acid as a solvent and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. A weight percent gain (WPG) of 14 % and cell wall bulking of 7 % were obtained after 5 h of reaction time. Pine specimens were acetylated with acetic anhydride in the presence of 1 % ethyltriacetoxysilane, dihydroxy-functional siloxane, acetoxy-functional siloxane, amino-functional siloxane and non-functional siloxane, respectively. Acetoxy-functional siloxane induced the greatest reduction in water uptake with a water repellent effectiveness after 24 h of up to 62 % as compared to acetylated wood. WPG and cell wall bulking increased compared to solely acetylated wood with increasing concentrations of acetoxy-functional siloxane in acetic anhydride; anti-shrink efficiency, however, did not increase. Fungal resistance of pine sapwood and beech as well as mechanical strength properties did not change when 20 % acetoxy-functional siloxane was added to acetic anhydride compared to solely acetylated specimens.     

Nitraria sibirica cell suspension culture:establishment,characterization and application

Nitraria sibirica Pall.is a shrub that grows in saline-alkali soil and has traditional medicinal value and potential commercial value.The objectives of this study include induction and multiplication of callus,establishment of a suspension cell line,and isolation of protoplasts from cell suspensions.Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium was used for callus induction from mature seeds of N.sibirica.Seed-derived calluses were further multiplied on MS medium augmented with 0.5 mgL~(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA) and 1.0 mgL~(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy(2,4-D) acetic acid.Suspension cultures of N.sibirica were initiated by transferring friable calli to the same liquid multiplication medium.Characterization of the suspension culture was assessed based on fresh mass,dry mass,cell viability and p H value of the culture.A typical growth curve was observed after inoculating 1.5 g of callus in 40 mL liquid medium,including a lag phase,an exponential growth phase,a stationary phase,and a negative acceleration phase.The effect of factors such as pre-plasmolysis,enzyme combination,enzymolysis time and mannitol concentration,on the isolation of cell-derived protoplasts were evaluated to determine the usefulness of suspension cultures.The maximum yield(9.79 9 106 cells/g) and highest viability(79.97%) of protoplast were reached when approximately 1 g of cell suspension(cultured for 6 days) was inoculated for 12 h in cell and protoplast washing solution made of 0.8 molL~(-1) mannitol mixture solution,cellulose onozuka R-10 2%(w/v),hemicellulose 0.2%,macerozyme R-10 1%,and pectolyase Y-23 0.5%.Protoplast yield was significantly influenced by pre-plasmolysis and cellulose onozuka R-10(P0.05).     

高锰酸钾氧化马鞭草烯酮的研究

考察了反应温度、反应时间、高锰酸钾用量、乙酸与水溶液体积比对高锰酸钾氧化马鞭草烯酮制备低蒎酮酸的影响,研究结果表明:控制原料与高锰酸钾的物质的量比1∶4,反应温度10℃,反应时间2h,乙酸与水溶液体积比10∶1,得到低蒎酮酸的收率77％.讨论了硅胶作为载体对此实验的影响,结果显示使用硅胶-高锰酸钾作为氧化剂,目标产物的...     

黄甜竹笋食醋制作工艺研究

以黄甜竹笋和糯米为原料,采用"原料—预处理—酵母菌、黑曲、醋酸菌同时发酵—降糖—搅拌—过滤—杀菌—成品"工序制作黄甜竹笋食醋,考察醋酸菌、黑曲、毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液的加入比例对产酸量的影响,以及毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液加入比例对发酵时间、醋酸得率的影响。结果表明:黄甜竹笋食醋制作最佳工艺参数为酵母0.3%~0.5%,黑曲2%,醋酸菌3%,毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液加入量为150%,坛内温度控制在25~30℃,前7天每天搅拌一次,之后每3~5天搅拌一次,发酵60天。发酵出来的醋产品色泽淡黄,具有黄甜竹笋和糯米特有的香气,口感细腻,醋味浓稠,总酸含量可达到5 g/100 m L,发酵产酸转化率达到71%,可溶性无盐固形物≥1.1 g/100 m L,总脂为1.1 g/100 m L,还原糖含量为2.2 g/100 m L,氨基态氮含量为0.20 g/100 m L。符合果醋国家标准。     

玉米秸秆基吸油材料的制备与表征

以玉米秸秆(RCS)为原料,经氨水预处理得预处理玉米秸秆(PCS),再经乙酸酐酯化改性制备改性玉米秸秆(ECS)吸油材料,并考察不同酯化条件对产物吸油性能的影响。结果表明:RCS、PCS(预处理6 h)对0~#柴油的吸收倍率分别为1.90和4.43 g/g;以冰乙酸为溶剂,冰乙酸与乙酸酐质量比为1∶1,秸秆与冰乙酸-乙酸酐混合液的质量比为1∶15,催化剂浓硫酸用量为4.5%(以秸秆质量计),反应温度为110℃条件下,酯化反应5 h所得改性产物ECS的吸油率可达9.03 g/g,且ECS疏水性和漂浮性能均得到显著改善。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和BET等方法对预处理前后及酯化改性后秸秆进行了分析与表征。结果表明:酯化反应已顺利进行,酯化改性后秸秆呈非晶态,ECS呈均匀的介孔结构,介孔及粗糙表面的出现提高了材料的吸油率和漂浮性能。     

木质纤维成分的乙酸分离方法及表征

研究了一种用含有少量硫酸的乙酸溶液分离杨木成分的方法。考察了反应时间、乙酸浓度、液比和催化剂浓度对木材成分分离的影响。对分离出的木材三种成分进行了表征。结果表明,分离杨木成分的较佳条件为:硫酸浓度0.3%,液比6,反应时间3h和乙酸浓度90%。残渣的主要成分是α-纤维素和半纤维素。水不溶沉淀物(乙酰化木质素)的重均分子量分布在341到253之间,分散性系数分布在1.1到1.2这一窄范围内。糖分析结果表明,可溶性成分主要来源于半纤维素,以单糖形式存在。     

Potential seed germination-enhancing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for restoration of Pinus chiapensis ecosystems

Rhizosphere soil samples of three Pinus chiapensis sites were analyzed for their physicochemical properties,soil bacteria isolated and screened in vitro for growthpromoting abilities.Nine isolates that showed promise were identified to five genera Dyella,Luteimonas,Euterobacter,Paraburkholderia and Bacillus based on the sequences of16 S rRNA gene.All the strains were isolated from nondisturbed stands.These bacteria significantly decreased germination time and increased sprout sizes.Indole acetic acid and gibberellin production and phosphate solubilisation were detected.Results indicate that these biochemicals could be essential for P.chiapensis distribution and suggest the possibility that PGPR inoculation on P.chiapensis seeds prior to planting could improve germination and possibly seedling development.     

Acetylation of Chinese bamboo flour and thermoplasticity

Chinese bamboo flour was chemically modified by acetylation with acetic anhydride by using trichloroacetic acid as an activation agent and the optimized condition for acetylation of bamboo flour was determined as the trichloroacetic acid amount 6.0 g per 1.5-g bamboo flour, ultrasosonication duration 40 min and the reaction time 1 h at 65℃. The composition, microstructure and thermal behavior of acetylated bamboo flour were preliminarily characterized by FT-IR, DSC and SEM etc. The acetylated bamboo flour can be molded into sheets at 130℃ and 10 MPa, indicating the modified bamboo flour possesses thermalplastic performance.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nitraria sibirica</Emphasis> cell suspension culture: establishment,characterization and application

Nitraria sibirica Pall. is a shrub that grows in saline-alkali soil and has traditional medicinal value and potential commercial value. The objectives of this study include induction and multiplication of callus, establishment of a suspension cell line, and isolation of protoplasts from cell suspensions. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used for callus induction from mature seeds of N. sibirica. Seed-derived calluses were further multiplied on MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg L^?1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg L^?1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy (2,4-D) acetic acid. Suspension cultures of N. sibirica were initiated by transferring friable calli to the same liquid multiplication medium. Characterization of the suspension culture was assessed based on fresh mass, dry mass, cell viability and pH value of the culture. A typical growth curve was observed after inoculating 1.5 g of callus in 40 mL liquid medium, including a lag phase, an exponential growth phase, a stationary phase, and a negative acceleration phase. The effect of factors such as pre-plasmolysis, enzyme combination, enzymolysis time and mannitol concentration, on the isolation of cell-derived protoplasts were evaluated to determine the usefulness of suspension cultures. The maximum yield (9.79 × 10⁶ cells/g) and highest viability (79.97%) of protoplast were reached when approximately 1 g of cell suspension (cultured for 6 days) was inoculated for 12 h in cell and protoplast washing solution made of 0.8 mol L^?1 mannitol mixture solution, cellulose onozuka R-10 2% (w/v), hemicellulose 0.2%, macerozyme R-10 1%, and pectolyase Y-23 0.5%. Protoplast yield was significantly influenced by pre-plasmolysis and cellulose onozuka R-10 (P < 0.05).