青贮玉米生物产量及营养积累规律研究

对青贮玉米不同生育阶段全株干物质与青贮营养积累规律、不同器官产量与营养转移规律、全株生物产量积累规律及水分变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,青贮玉米乳熟期鲜产量最高,随着子粒灌浆和成熟度的提高,全株鲜产量及蛋白质含量有所下降,但蜡熟期全株具有较高的干物质产量和蛋白质总量,具有适宜青贮的最佳含水量,蜡熟期全株青贮后NDF和ADF最低,消化率最高,收获加工青贮具有较高的产量和营养价值。     

几个加工型马铃薯品种主要品质形成的比较

以加工型马铃薯品种‘东农310’、‘东农314’、‘东农317’和‘大西洋’为材料,从块茎形成至淀粉积累期进行多次取样,比较几个品种的主要品质形成过程,探求块茎干物质、淀粉和粗蛋白含量的变化特性,以期为特定品种的优质丰产栽培提供参考。结果表明,随生育进程推进,几个加工型品种的干物质、淀粉和粗蛋白含量均极显著增加,整体表现为干物质含量呈单峰曲线、峰值出现在生育中期,淀粉含量在生育后期进入平台期,粗蛋白含量持续增加、在生育后期最高。‘东农310’的干物质、淀粉和粗蛋白含量均随生育进程推进而持续增加;‘东农314’的干物质、淀粉和粗蛋白含量呈单峰曲线,峰值出现在生育中期;‘东农317’的干物质和粗蛋白含量呈单峰曲线、峰值出现在生育中期,淀粉含量持续增加;对照品种‘大西洋’的干物质和淀粉含量呈单峰曲线、峰值出现在生育中期,粗蛋白含量持续增加。生育后期‘东农310’的干物质、淀粉含量均显著高于其他品种;‘东农310’、‘东农314’和‘大西洋’的粗蛋白含量差异不显著,‘东农317’的粗蛋白含量显著低于‘东农314’和‘大西洋’。     

青贮专用型玉米新品种科青1号的选育研究

科青1号是中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所选育成的优质高产青贮专用型玉米新品种。该品种中晚熟,春播时生育期为120～130d,收割期为90～105d,鲜生物产量稳定在75000kg/hm2以上。青贮质量优、粗蛋白含量高是科青1号的一个特点,全株粗蛋白含量10%以上。适应性强,具有较好的抗性,可在≥10℃有效积温2750℃·d的地区种植。     

小麦不同光合器官对穗粒重的作用及基因差异研究

通过剪叶、包穗、包秆等处理研究了小麦不同器官对粒重的作用，并对其基因型差异进行了分析。结果表明，不同器官对千粒重的贡献在器官之间有极显著的差异，而在基因型间差异不显著，对穗粒重的贡献在器官之间及基因型与器官的互作间呈极显著差异（穗和叶之间差异不显著），而基因型之间的差异不显著。各器官对粒重的 贡献与株高有一定的关系。在一定株高范围内，叶片对粒重的贡献随穗面积的增大而增加，穗对粒重的贡献随穗面积的增大而有减小的趋势，茎鞘光合的贡献与穗面积和株高呈正相关，贮藏物质的贡献与叶片的贡献呈显著负相关。株高与千粒重间呈极显著正相关，与穗粒数呈显著负相关；单茎叶面积与穗粒重呈显著正相关，穗面积、穗粒重与穗粒数呈显著正相关。     

青薯168的生长发育及性状间的相关性分析

马铃薯的生长发育随着生育期的变化而变化,前期以茎叶生长为主,后期则以块茎生长为主。所以,地上部性状间,以及地上部性状与地下部性状—块茎的形成有着密切的关系。地上部株高与茎叶重、叶面积之间有着极显著的正相关,相关系数分别为ｒ＝０．９３５９＊＊,和ｒ＝０．８４８８＊＊;茎叶重与叶面积系数之间呈极显著的正相关,ｒ＝０．９６０５＊＊。株高与地下部块重之间呈显著的正相关,ｒ＝０．６８４３＊,茎叶重与地下部块重间的关系为正相关,ｒ＝０．４２８５,叶面积系数与地下部块重有着微弱的正相关关系,ｒ＝０．１５３４。     

苎麻叶片SPAD值与氮素含量关系的初步研究

本文探讨利用SPAD-502叶绿素仪测得的叶绿素相对值(称SPAD值)预测苎麻叶片全氮含量的可行性.通过盆栽试验,设置不同的供氮水平,研究幼苗期、旺长期和成熟期两个苎麻品种功能叶片的SPAD值与全氮含量的关系.结果表明,不同生育时期两个品种苎麻叶片的SPAD值和全氮含量都达到了0.01水平下极显著正相关,SPAD值可以很好的反映苎麻的全氮营养状况.根据不同品种和生育时期建立了SPAD值预测叶片全氮含量的6个回归模型,预测精度在85.23%-92.08%之间.通过SPAD值能够准确、快速、无损的预测叶片氮营养状况,为确定苎麻合理的施肥提供理论依据,应用前景广阔.     

种植密度对青贮玉米品种产量及相关性状的影响

以6个青贮玉米品种为试验材料,研究了3种种植密度对青贮玉米生物产量、干物质产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明,不同品种之间生物产量和干物质产量差异极显著;不同密度下品种的生物产量和干物质产量差异极显著;品种与密度互作之间生物产量和干物质产量差异分别为显著和极显著。龙育1号、高油169和高油115作为优质青贮高油玉米在黑龙江省适宜种植密度分别为7.0～8.0万株/hm2、7.0万株/hm2和6.0万株/hm2;黑饲1号在6万株/hm2时产量较高;龙辐208在7万株/hm2种植条件下,其生物产量和干物质产量均较高,尤其干物质产量最高;青贮玉米品种的青贮生育日数、株高、穗位、茎粗、收获期绿叶片数差异不大,品种之间差异主要由品种自身特性决定。中原单32可作为粒用玉米种植推广。     

密度对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响

以4个青贮玉米品种为试验材料,研究了4个种植密度对青贮玉米生物产量、干物质产量和品质的影响。结果表明:不同品种之间生物产量和干物质产量差异极显著;不同密度下品种的生物产量和干物质产量差异极显著;不同密度对不同品种品质影响较大,增加密度有助于青贮玉米品质的提高。青贮玉米品种的生育期、株高、穗位高、茎粗、收获期、绿叶数差异不大,品种间差异主要由品种自身特性决定。     

长江中游夏大豆地方品种品质及产量等性状的典型相关与通径分析

以长江中游地区夏大豆品种资源中随机抽取的９４个品种为材料，运用典型相关分析方法研究品种的蛋白质含量、油分含量、产量性状及其它农艺性状间的相互纲时利用通径分析方法研究产量、产量构成因素及与形态及生育期性状之间的关系。主要结果是：产量与产量构成因素之关系较大，与形态数量性状之关系次之，与生育期性状之关系较小。产量构成三因素中以荚数／株、百粒重对产量，生育前期及分枝数对荚数／株，生育前期及生育后期长短对     

收获期对寒地青贮玉米营养价值的影响

以青贮玉米龙辐单208为材料,研究了寒地不同收割期对青贮玉米营养价值的影响。试验结果表明,随收获期推后,青贮玉米全株粗蛋白、粗纤维含量呈递减趋势,粗脂肪变化规律不明显。北方寒地青贮玉米适宜收获期为授粉后40～50d。     

马铃薯高淀粉生理基础的研究——块茎淀粉含量与单株若干性状

本试验以高淀粉品种晋薯2号、中淀粉品种内薯3号和低淀粉品种紫花白为试验材料,设置了小区试验.在生育期间,从植株茎叶淀粉含量、单株叶面积、单株干物重、单株茎数和块茎数等方面与块茎淀粉含量的相关关系进行了研究,其结果:(1)叶片和茎秆中的淀粉含量与块茎淀粉含量呈正相关.因此,生育前中期叶片和生育中后期茎秆的淀粉含量,可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择的生理指标和品质预测的依据;(2)单株叶面积和单株干物重始终与块茎淀粉含量呈正相关.因此,单株最大叶面积和任何生育时期的单株干物重,均可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择和品质预测的生理指标;(3)单株茎数、单株块茎数与块茎淀粉含量呈正相关或显著正相关.故单株茎数、单株块茎数可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择的重要生理指标和品质预测的依据.     

SPAD值与杂交狼尾草施氮水平和农艺性状的关系

采用盆栽试验探讨利用叶绿素计(Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502)预测杂交狼尾草粗蛋白含量和牧草的施氮水平.试验设5个氮肥水平(纯氮量0,100,200,300,400k9/hm2)和3次重复,利用叶绿素计读取不同氮水平不同时期杂交狼尾草倒数第3片叶子的SPAD值,同时测定部分农艺性状和茎叶粗蛋白含量.结果表明,杂交狼尾草的SPAD值和粗蛋白含量是随着牧草的生长而逐渐降低,分蘖数、株高和生物产量随着牧草的生长而提高;杂交狼尾草的SPAD值与其施氮水平、分蘖数、株高、产量和茎叶粗蛋白含量都成正相关,与牧草的株高相关性最小且都不显著;与牧草的分蘖数和产量相关性大,接近或达显著水平:与牧草的茎叶粗蛋白含量相关性最大,均达显著或极显著水平.因此,利用SPAD值可用来预测杂交狼尾草茎叶粗蛋白含量,进而诊断杂交狼尾草的氮素营养水平,为牧草的合理施肥提供依据.     

不同收获期青贮玉米品种营养成分的积累与分配

以6个青贮玉米品种为材料,对不同收获时期营养成分含量与积累量的变化进行研究。结果表明,随着收获期推迟,植株粗蛋白、粗脂肪与粗纤维的积累量增加,但粗蛋白、粗纤维含量逐渐降低,粗脂肪无明显变化规律。营养成分在植株器官中的分配因品种与收获期而异。在开花散粉期收获,粗蛋白分配量表现为绿叶>茎鞘>果穗;乳熟期收获表现为果穗>绿叶>茎鞘。不同收获期粗脂肪的分配表现为绿叶>雌穗>茎鞘。粗纤维随收获期推迟,在绿叶和茎鞘中的分配量递减,而果穗中分配量增加。呼和浩特地区青贮玉米适宜收获期应在乳熟中后期。     

不同海拔对小粒种咖啡品质影响的研究

采集云南怒江流域海拔784～1 508 m中8个不同海拔高度的小粒种咖啡品种Catimor CIFC 7963(F6)的咖啡豆进行千粒重、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、咖啡因、总糖等营养成分含量测定，研究不同海拔高度对小粒种咖啡品质的影响。相关分析结果表明：咖啡豆千粒重和总糖含量分别与海拔高度之间呈显著正相关；咖啡因含量与海拔高度之间呈极显著负相关；粗脂肪含量与海拔高度之间呈显著负相关；粗蛋白质、粗纤维、水浸出物、灰分与海拔高度之间相关关系不显著。     

205份玉米种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析及优异种质筛选

为了拓宽玉米种质资源遗传基础,了解玉米种质资源表型性状遗传多样性水平,选择205份玉米种质资源的23个表型性状,利用变异系数、遗传多样性指数及多种分析方法,结合F值综合评价玉米种质资源。结果表明,大多数种质资源花丝色及花药色均为黄绿色,株型中间型,轴色浅红色,穗型筒形,粒型硬粒型,子粒形状中间形,粒色浅黄。穗长的遗传多样性指数H''最大,穗行数的H''最小;粗蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量的H''相同,总淀粉含量的H''最小。15个数量性状和3个品质性状之间呈现显著或极显著正相关,千粒重与穗行数呈极显著负相关,各数量性状间相互联系又相互制约。通过聚类分析,205份资源被划分为3大类群。通过综合得分F值筛选出10份优异玉米种质,可作为优良的种质资源创新材料和遗传育种的亲本来源。     

LEAFINESS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF SOME LUCERNE VARIETIES

The leaf: stem ratio on green and dry weights, chemical composition and yield of dry-matter and protein per acre were determined for ten varieties of lucerne at the National Institute of Agricultural Botany during 1955–8. The first cut was taken when about 20% of the flowers were open and the subsequent cuts when 10–15% were open.
The mean leaf: stem ratio, based on green weights, showed no significant difference between varieties. The early varieties, however, contained a higher proportion of dry-matter in the leaf and a lower proportion in the stem than did the mid-season and late types. As a result, the early types tended to show a higher leaf: stem ratio based on dry-matter than the mid-season and late types.
The early types also contained a significantly higher percentage of protein than the mid-season and late types, and had a lower crude fibre content for the whole plant.
Highly significant differences were established between varieties and types in the total yields of dry-matter and protein from three cuts in each of three seasons, when all were cut at similar stages of maturity. The heaviest yields of dry-matter and protein were secured from Eynsford, Chartrain-villiers and Du Puits, the lowest from certified Provence and Grimm, both of which came from an environment vastly different from that of Cambridge. Gamma, an early variety, had the highest percentage of crude protein at each cut during the three year period, but it was similar to FD 100 and Marais in total dry matter yield.     

玉米光合性能与产量关系的研究

为搞清玉米光合性能与产量的关系，大田条件下研究了叶面积、日照时数、叶片光合速率、光合量、呼吸量和收获指数与单株生物产量和籽粒产量的关系，结果表明：拔节期单株干重分别与当时的单株叶面积、累积日照时数、地上部呼吸量是显著或极显著的正相关，与叶片光合速率相关性最差；收获指数与单株籽粒产量相关性最好，吐丝期穗下叶光合量对单株籽粒产量的贡献最大。苗期的栽培措施应有利于扩大叶面积，育种实践中应注重收获指数的选择。     

UPLAND GRASS PRODUCTION IN NORTH-EAST SCOTLAND IN RELATION TO SOIL AND SITE CONDITIONS

An experiment involving 24 grassland sites was carried out to measure the influence of a large number of variables on upland yields between 900 and 1450 ft above sea level in western Aberdeenshire. The grass was harvested in mid-July and at the end of October 1966. Few factors were significant in the first harvest yields. In the second harvest yields, aspect and soil parent material were both significant at the 1% level, and available soil phosphate at the 5% level. Total yields (DM) for the growing season were correlated with parent material (2% level), with available soil P (1% level) and with the P and K content of the leaf (1% and 5% levels). Yields were also correlated with sward age (5% level) and sward condition (1% level). A number of variables were highly correlated with sward age and condition, including the leaf content (second harvest) of K, P and crude protein (0.1%, 1% and 1% levels).
The highest yield was 4700 kg/ha/year and the average yield 2585 kg/ha/year, but the results showed that the average could be substantially increased by good management, especially by P fertilizer. The results confirmed that there was no marked fall-off in yields with increasing altitude (r=0.066, 0.194 and 0.112) and there appeared scope for reclamation on suitable sites at higher elevations.     

高产大花生花育19号生育特性及品质性状研究

采用田间小区试验,研究了花育19号的生育进程、生物累积量、植株含水量、地上部营养状况及籽仁品质等特性。结果表明,花育19号主茎和侧枝的生长发育同步,均呈现“慢—快—慢”的趋势;花生植株地上部、叶片和茎秆生物量的累积均呈“S”形曲线变化趋势;植株地上部含水量变化较小,氮、磷含量变化同步,生育前期较高,成熟期降至最低;籽仁含水量、粗蛋白、氨基酸和总糖含量均呈渐降态势,籽仁总糖含量降幅达11.19%;籽仁中氨基酸和粗蛋白的积累速率较快,与植株干物重的积累同步,且表现相同的趋势。     

Regrowth dynamics and grazing decision rules: further analysis for dairy production systems based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pastures

To support the further development of grazing practices for dairy production systems based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), allometric relationships among leaf‐stage categories and pseudostem were derived for perennial ryegrass tillers sampled from swards each month, from July 2008 to January 2010, within a dairy grazing‐system experiment in south‐west Victoria, Australia. The relative lamina mass of the first leaf that emerged on tillers following grazing (denoted L3) and the subsequent leaf to emerge (L2) was used as an indicator of the trajectory of regrowth. L2 was consistently 30–40% heavier than L3 during the period July–September (mid‐winter to early spring), but thereafter the difference between leaf stages lessened, and disappeared altogether in late spring. No substantial lag was observed in the rate of herbage accumulation during the early stages of regrowth of perennial ryegrass swards from 1500 kg DM ha^?1 post‐grazing. Therefore, grazing at any time in the period between emergence of the second and third leaves after the previous defoliation event should lead to high efficiency of pasture harvest under most conditions. The dry‐matter digestibility (DMD) and crude protein (CP) content of the most recently emerged leaf (denoted L1) declined sharply during spring, whereas the DMD and CP content of older leaves were more consistent. Decision rules for grazing management should include sufficient flexibility to account for interactions between leaf stage and time of year in relative lamina mass and nutritive value.