肥大细胞的异质性

肥大细胞广泛分布于人和多种动物体内，分为粘膜肥大细胞和结缔组织肥大细胞两个亚群。在不同种属、同一种属的不同个体、同一个体不同部位的肥大细胞都存在着异质性。本文从肥大细胞的分布、形态结构（显微结构、超微结构）、组织化学特征、功能等方面论述了肥大细胞的异质性。     

山羊肥大细胞组织化学异质性

用甲苯胺蓝和阿尔辛蓝组织化学方法,对山羊肥大细胞的组织化学特性及形态学结构进行研究。结果表明,山羊组织采用 Ｃａｒｎｏｙ 氏液固定,甲苯胺蓝和阿尔辛蓝染色对所有的肥大细胞均可获得的染色反应。但对中性福尔马林固定的组织仅有少量的肥大细胞着染。用 Ｃａｒｎｏｙ 氏液固定阿尔辛蓝染色,可使更多的粘膜肥大细胞着色。在山羊粘膜肥大细胞和结缔组织肥大细胞之间存在着组织化学及形态学异质性。     

动物肥大细胞异质性研究概况

肥大细胞(mast cell MC)是一种重要的免疫细胞,与人类和动物的某些变态反应疾病、寄生虫感染、某些非特异性炎症及肿瘤性疾病等密切相关。它在人和动物体内广泛分布,其胞浆颗粒内含有多种生物活性物质,如：生物胺、蛋白多糖、中性蛋白酶、白三烯、前列腺素、血小板、活化因子及血细胞介素等。肥大细胞通过脱颗粒释放出上述生物活性物质而在人类及动物的健康与疾病过程中发挥重要的作用。     

成年猪结肠肥大细胞的分布

成年猪结肠按常规制备石蜡切片,用甲苯胺蓝改良法显示肥大细胞.结果粘膜型肥大细胞(MMCs)主要分布于固有膜深层,不同部位结肠粘膜中MMCs的数量存在极显著差异(P＞0.01),结缔组织型肥大细胞(CTMCs)主要分布于粘膜下层且不存在数量上的区域性差异(P＞0.05).结论猪结肠MMCs的分布类型具有区域异质性特征.     

双花喷剂对兔实验感染创愈合的影响

探求新的更好的防治外科感染的药物和方法,历来是兽医科学及至医学中的重要课题。本研究用20只兔作感染创的疾病模型,观察对比了研制的双花喷剂和呋喃西林液的治疗效果,并检测分析了创伤愈合过程中某些血液学指标。     

鸡蛋提取物角蛋白及鸡蛋黄对兔伤口愈合的临床研究

为了探讨鸡蛋提取物角蛋白及鸡蛋黄对伤口愈合影响的临床研究,取健康家兔12只,随机分为A、B两组,每组6只,在每只家兔脊背两侧设试验伤口和对照伤口各1个,即同体不同部位对照试验;A组试验处伤口涂抹鸡蛋提取物角蛋白;B组试验处伤口涂抹生鸡蛋黄;A、B两组对照处伤口均未作任何处理。结果表明:A组和B组涂抹鸡蛋提取物角蛋白和生鸡蛋黄的伤口愈合时间比未做任何处理的伤口愈合快3～4 d,无论是愈合速度还是愈合效果均非常明显且伤口感染率减少,伤口愈合的疤痕减淡,外部更加美观自然,且能达到祛疤美容效果。     

产蛋期母鸡生殖系统中肥大细胞的定位研究

利用改良甲苯胺蓝组织化学方法,观察产蛋期母鸡卵巢和输卵管各段内肥大细胞的形态,并阐述肥大细胞在产蛋期母鸡卵巢和各输卵管中分布定位特点。结果肥大细胞广泛分布于母鸡生殖道中,在固有层和外膜均观察到紫红色的肥大细胞。卵巢中,肥大细胞主要分布于皮质的结缔组织、髓质的基质、正常与闭锁的卵泡膜中;输卵管内,肥大细胞分布于黏膜上皮下的固有层、固有层结缔组织、管状腺间、环行肌与纵行肌肌纤维间和小血管周围。各组织中单位视野下肥大细胞数量从高到低依次为:卵巢、漏斗部、阴道部、膨大部、子宫到峡部。表明卵巢中的肥大细胞的分布有助于自身分泌的组胺等物质迅速作用于卵巢,从而激活卵泡的发育等功能;而在输卵管中的分布及数量差异变化则与输卵管各段在生殖系统中的功能相关。     

肥大细胞研究概述

肥大细胞(MC)是速发型变态反应的靶细胞,也是与IgE有关的免疫调节细胞,而且在某种程度上参与先天性和获得性免疫反应.肥大细胞起源于造血干细胞,它分布在人和动物的各个组织器官、脏器黏膜和结缔组织中.但是随着近年来人们对肥大细胞的深入研究发现,MC与肿瘤发生、神经系统功能、生殖系统的周期变化以及寄生虫的排除、高原低氧、血...     

产后子宫内膜炎患牛子宫内膜肥大细胞的研究

本研究旨在探讨子宫内膜肥大细胞在牛子宫内膜炎中的作用.选用产后6～10 d健康及患急性化脓性子宫内膜炎的西门塔尔牛各10头,分别为对照组和试验组,通过ELISA法检测子宫内膜中SP、VIP、组胺浓度,透射电镜观察子宫内膜MC颗粒状态及荧先定量PCR法检测组胺受体H1和H2 mRNA表达情况.结果表明,试验组子宫内膜组织申组胺、SP、VIP含量分别为(80.305±4.002)μg/L、(1 258.06±128.88)ng/L、(615.73±70.50)ng/L,而对照组分别为(39.204±4.278)μg/L、(308.12±9.72)ng/L,(1 667.34±153.4)ng/L,试验组与对照组相比差异均极显著(P＜0.01);试验组子宫内膜固有层MC颗粒数量战少、分布和浓度不均、有空泡形成,对照组子宫内膜固有层MC颗粒较多、分布均匀;试验组中组胺受体H1 mRNA水平显著低于正常组(P＜0.05),组胺受体H2mRNA水平高于正常组,且差异板显著(P＜0.01).结果显示子宫内膜炎时,在神经肽和炎症刺激下使子宫内膜固有层MC脱颗粒大量释放组胺,同时子宫内膜组胺受体H1和H2 mRNA表达失衡,使子宫局部淤血和迟缓,导致子宫免疫力下降,利于病原微生物的繁殖,促进子宫内膜炎的发生发展.     

A review of mast cell biology

In recent years, the mast cell has been a focus of intense scientific study, predominantly because of its role as a key effector cell in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Continuous research over the last 20 years has finally characterized the origin of mast cells, and determined many of the factors involved in mast cell differentiation and proliferation. In addition, different subpopulations of mast cell have been defined with distinct biochemical and functional characteristics. The mechanisms involved in stimulus–secretion coupling, the process by which mast cells release their inflammatory mediators, has received particular attention because these mechanisms may be future targets for anti-allergic drugs. However, it is now recognized that mast cells play a much wider role than mediating allergic diseases. They are involved in non specific inflammatory reactions, fibrosis, angiogenesis and wound healing, and play an important role in protection of the host against gastrointestinal nematodes and certain bacterial infections. In this review, the advances made in determining the origins, heterogeneity and function of mast cells are described.     

Pre-operative neoadjuvant vinblastine-prednisolone in canine mast cell tumours: A single-centre retrospective cohort study

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be used in canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) to optimise surgical margins or to enable marginal excision in challenging locations. The objective of this study was to describe the outcome of dogs with cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs treated with neoadjuvant vinblastine-prednisolone (NA-VP). Records of treatment-naïve dogs with cutaneous/subcutaneous MCT that received NA-VP were reviewed including signalment, indication for NA-VP, staging results, clinical response, surgical data and histopathology reports. For dogs with post-operative follow-up ≥365 days, predictive factors for local recurrence (LR) were evaluated. Forty-four dogs were included. NA-VP was indicated to optimise surgical margins (group MARG) in 19 dogs (43.2%) and to enable surgery (group MORB) in 25 dogs (56.8%). Complete and partial response were documented in 40.9% of dogs and 30 dogs (68.2%) underwent surgery. The indication for NA-VP was significantly associated with undergoing surgery (p < .001) on multivariable analysis. Twelve (48%) and 18 dogs (94.7%) underwent surgery in the group MORB and MARG, respectively. Five dogs (16.7%) experienced wound dehiscence. Complete excision was achieved in 14 dogs (46.7%). In dogs undergoing surgery with ≥365 days of follow-up, LR was documented in five cases (20.8%). None of the factors analysed including mitotic count, completeness of excision and response to NA-VP were associated with LR; notably, LR occurred in 3/11 (27.2%) completely excised MCTs. In a pre-operative setting, NA-VP appears safe and could be beneficial in selected cases. Prognostic factors such as clinical response, mitotic count and completeness of excision should be interpreted with caution following NA-VP.