中药复方饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

将90头25日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个试验组分别添加0.1%和0.2%中药复方饲料添加剂,进行了28d的饲养试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,在基础日粮中适量添加中药复方有提高日增重和日采食量的趋势,并且添加了0.2%中药复方组的腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。     

中草药复方制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响

为研究中草药复方制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响,选择28日龄断奶、平均体重6.12kg的杜长大三元杂种阉仔猪30头,随机分成3组,每组2个重复,每个重复5头猪:对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮;试验1组在基础饲粮中添加1.5%复方中草药制剂;试验2组饲喂基础饲粮,并口服硫酸庆大霉素注射液10mg/kg体重,每天2次。试验期28d。结果表明,与对照组和抗生素组相比,1.5%复方中草药制剂组日增重显著提高,料重比显著下降;并且1.5%复方中草药制剂组仔猪肠道中大肠杆菌数量低于对照组(P<0.05)和抗生素组(P>0.05),乳酸杆菌数量高于对照组(P<0.05)和抗生素组(P<0.05)。     

益生菌对断奶仔猪生长及消化性能的影响

为研究乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌及其组成复合菌对断奶仔猪生长性能及消化性能的影响,选取96头42日龄断奶仔猪随机分成4组,即基础日粮组(空白对照组)、乳酸菌组、芽孢杆菌组、复合菌组进行为期35 d的试验。结果表明:①在试验的前两周,益生菌组对断奶仔猪的日增重没有显著性的影响,但显著地降低了料重比,分别比对照组降低24.75%(P<0.05)、24.75%(P<0.05)、23.23%(P<0.05);②益生菌组从不同程度上提高了仔猪对营养物质的消化率,但与单一菌组相比,复合菌组没有呈现出更好的效果。     

复方中药制剂对仔猪生长性能及免疫机能的影响

在饮水中添加不同剂量的复方中药制剂,研究其对仔猪生长性能及免疫机能的影响。选取48头(15 d±2 d)"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪,按体重和性别随机分为4组,每组12 头。在15 d,对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组仔猪分别饮用自来水、自来水+0.5 g/100 mL复方中药制剂、自来水+1.0 g/100 mL复方中药制剂和自来水+1.5 g/100 mL复方中药制剂。试验期为30 d。所有仔猪于15、29和43 d时进行称重,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比,并观察断奶后腹泻情况。另外,每组选取6头仔猪,于15、28、33、38和43 d,经前腔静脉采血,测定部分免疫指标及猪瘟抗体水平。结果显示,饮水中添加不同剂量的复方中药制剂,能显著提高仔猪平均日增重(P<0.01),降低料重比及腹泻率(P<0.01或P<0.05),显著提高T淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05),同时能够促进猪瘟抗体的产生,提高免疫球蛋白的水平。因此,在饮水中添加适量的复方中药制剂,能够明显改善仔猪的生长性能,增强机体免疫力,促进仔猪的生长。     

益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为比较益生菌制剂与抗生素的优劣,本研究用添加不同剂量益生菌的饲料饲养21日龄断奶仔猪,并对其生产性能进行对比分析。结果表明：在体增重方面,试验1组极显著（P〈0.01）高于试验3组,显著（P〈0.05）高于抗生素组,与试验2组差异不显著（P≥0.05）;在料肉比方面,试验1组显著（P〈0.05）低于试验2组和试验3组,低于抗生素组但差异不显著（P≥0.05）。可以推断益生菌饲料能明显改善21日龄断奶仔猪的生产性能,可以作为抗生素的替代饲料推广使用。     

复合益生菌制剂对仔猪生长性能的影响

为了探究添加不同水平的复合益生菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,本文选择60头年龄相近、胎次相同、体重相近(20.0kg±1.0kg)的健康的“杜×长”二元杂交断奶仔猪为试验对象,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头,分别在基础日粮中添加质量分数为0(对照组)、1.0%(试验1组)、2.0%(试验2组)、3.0%(试验3组)复合益生菌制剂,预试期为7 d,正式试验期为60 d,在试验结束后测定生长性能。结果表明：试验1、2、3组断奶仔猪的平均日采食量均高于对照组的(P> 0.05),试验2、3组断奶仔猪的平均日增重显著高于对照组的(P <0.05),试验2、3组断奶仔猪的料肉比显著低于对照组的(P <0.05)。综上所述,在本试验的饲养条件下,基础日粮中添加2.0%复合益生菌制剂可以提高杂交断奶仔猪的生长性能,可以在生产中推广应用。     

复方中药制剂对仔猪免疫机能及消化酶活性的影响

选取临床检查健康的80头4日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪,按体重和性别分成4组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+人工乳、基础日粮+复方中药制剂0.25%、基础日粮+复方中药制剂0.5%,试验期21 d。所有仔猪于14、21、28和35日龄时称重,计算生长性能,与组Ⅰ相比,组Ⅳ仔猪平均日增重和日采食量分别升高18.32%和4.78%,料重比降低11.8%;同时每组固定10头仔猪,经前腔静脉采血,用于血清免疫球蛋白水平的测定,与组Ⅰ相比,组Ⅳ仔猪血清IgG、IgA和IgM水平分别升高18.09%、15.71%和17.35;试验结束时,每组选择6头仔猪进行屠宰,取十二指肠中段、空肠近、远段、回肠中段内容物,用于消化酶活性的测定,与组Ⅰ相比,组Ⅳ仔猪十二指肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别升高14.23%、36.87%和40.85%。结果表明,复方中药制剂能显著提高仔猪的生长性能、免疫机能和消化酶活性,有效促进仔猪生长。     

中药饲料添加剂"复方女贞子散"对断奶猪生长性能的影响

研究饲喂中药"复方女贞子散"对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,随机选择54头重量相差不大的断奶仔猪(长白×荣昌杂交猪),随机分为3组,设一个中药"复方女贞子散"试验组,一个抗生素(黄霉素)组,一个对照组.在基础日粮一致的情况下,每千克饲料添加5 g中药"复方女贞子散"为试验组;添加1 g黄霉素为抗生素组;对照组饲喂不含药饲料.中药"复方女贞子散"试验组比对照组日增重显著提高,且降低了饲料消耗;而与抗生素组差异不显著.结果表明,中药"复方女贞子散"可以增强猪的抵抗力、降低发病率、增加食欲,从而提高猪只的生产性能.     

基于大肠杆菌感染模型探讨益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能影响的研究进展

文章综述了采用典型的产肠毒素大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC)感染试验模型,研究益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群、肠道形态及炎症因子的作用。鉴于当前我国及全球实际养猪生产卫生条件的差异,ETEC感染仔猪试验模型更能反映禁抗后益生菌等功能性添加剂在养殖卫生较差情况下的使用效果。因此,文章收集了益生菌在ETEC感染仔猪试验模型下的部分研究成果,重点总结5方面的内容,包括:(1) ETEC感染断奶仔猪试验模型的建立;(2) ETEC感染对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响及益生菌的作用效果;(3) ETEC感染对断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响及益生菌的作用效果;(4) ETEC感染对断奶仔猪肠道形态的影响及益生菌的作用效果;(5) ETEC感染对断奶仔猪炎症细胞因子的影响及益生菌的作用效果。分析显示:ETEC感染处理显著降低断奶仔猪生长性能、破坏肠道菌群平衡、损伤肠道组织形态、引发炎症反应;益生菌处理通过平衡肠道菌群、维持肠道形态、缓解炎症反应等,一定程度上改善了ETEC感染仔猪的生长性能。     

复方中药制剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响

试验选用600羽AA肉鸡,随机分为2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复100羽。中药组为试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期为20 d。结果表明,中药添加剂可有效调节高温条件下肉鸡生长性能。试验组AA肉鸡与对照组相比：2组鸡粪便正常,未出现明显差异;试验组在试验阶段明显较对照组安静,特别是试验最后1周因肉鸡生长相对密度较大时更为明显;试验组平均日增重较对照组提高8.1%,差异显著（P<0.05）;试验组料重比较对照组降低了7.34%（P<0.05）;而试验组的鸡采食量略高于对照组。说明中药添加剂能提高肉鸡的体增重,降低料重比。     

猪致病性大肠杆菌O9菌蜕的制备及免疫保护力

通过PCR方法克隆噬菌体PhiXl74的融菌基因E,将其与温控表达载体pBV220连接,成功构建温控融菌表达盒,设计扩增温控表达盒的2对引物,使其5′端分别与lacZ基因敲除基因的首尾50bp基因同源,使用Red系统同源重组,使用麦康凯平板筛选、PCR鉴定白色菌落,温控诱导融菌蛋白的表达,制备大肠杆菌O9的菌影,并对其融菌效率及免疫保护力进行了初步研究。结果显示,成功构建了温控融菌表达盒,经同源重组成功获得猪致病性大肠杆菌O9温控融菌株,温控表达溶菌蛋白能够成功抑制细菌的增殖,并使活菌数下降3个指数,对小鼠安全性好,皮下免疫组攻毒保护率达到71.43%。     

断奶幼兔腹泻肠致病性大肠杆菌LEE毒力岛的分子检测

为了了解 L EE毒力岛在山东省兔场的流行情况 ,自 2 0 0 0年 2月到 2 0 0 3年 6月从潍坊、曲阜、恒台、烟台、莱芜、泰安等地兔场的断奶前后腹泻和健康兔肠内容物或粪便中分离的大肠埃希氏菌 ,用 PCR法检测 L EE毒力岛上的 eae A基因。结果发现 ,在 2 0～ 30日龄、30～ 5 5日龄、5 5～ 80日龄的腹泻幼兔中 ,携带 L EE毒力岛的大肠埃希氏菌检出率分别为 0 (0 / 5 )、72 .7%(2 4 / 33)、2 3.5 % (4 / 17) ,而在相同日龄的健康幼兔中检出率为 0 (0 / 2 4 )。从其他肠道致病菌的检出情况来看 ,沙门氏菌和魏氏梭菌检出率极低 ,沙门氏菌在腹泻兔为 9% ,健康兔为 4 .2 % ,魏氏梭菌在健康兔和腹泻兔均为 0。生化试验表明 eae A阳性的大肠杆菌为乳糖发酵试验弱阳性的菌株。结论 eae A阳性的肠致病性大肠杆菌 (EPEC)应是导致上述兔场断奶后幼兔发生腹泻症的主要细菌性病原 ;L EE毒力岛的检测能够作为兔肠致病性大肠杆菌 (REPEC)的诊断和流行分子病学调查的主要手段     

Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis influenced intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

Background: There is growing evidence to support the beneficial effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials(DFM) on performance, health status, and immune responses of weaned pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) on growth performance, diarrhea, gut permeability and immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli(E. coli).Results: The F18 E. coli infection reduced(P 0.05) growth performance and intestinal villi height, whereas increased(P 0.05) diarrhea and transcellular and paracellular permeability in the jejunum compared with non-challenged control. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly enhanced average daily gain of E. coli infected pigs from d 0 to 5 post-inoculation(PI)(P 0.05) and d 0 to 11 PI(P = 0.058). Supplementation of high dose of Bacillus subtilis reduced(P 0.05) both transcellular and paracellular permeability on d 5 and d11 PI compared with the E. coli infected pigs fed with control diet. E. coli infection up-regulated(P 0.05)the m RNA expression of SLC5 A10(soluble carrier family 5 member 10) and MUC2(mucin 2) on d 5 PI, but down-regulated(P 0.05) expression of SLC5 A10, MUC2, and CLDN1 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa when pigs were fed with the control diet. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly up-regulated(P 0.05) the m RNA expression of CFTR and ZO1 on d 5 PI and SLC5 A10 and MUC2 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs. In addition, E. coli infection increased(P 0.05) the m RNA expression of several immune genes(IL1 A, IL1 B, and IL7 on d 5 PI, and IL1 B, IL6, IL7, and TNF on d 11 PI) in the ileal mucosa of weaned pigs. Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis to control diet linearly down-regulated gene expression of IL1 A on d 5 PI(P = 0.07) and IL6 on d 11 PI(P 0.05) in ileal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs.Conclusions: Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) enhanced growth rate and improved gut barrier function of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli.     

禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)菌蜕的制备研究

菌蜕是通过PhiX174噬菌体溶菌基因E的可调控表达而形成的、缺少细胞浆和核酸且无繁殖能力的革兰氏阴性细菌菌体。这种非变性的灭活方式使菌蜕完好保留了细菌的各种抗原成分和免疫黏附分子,具有优良的免疫原性和固有的免疫佐剂性质以及免疫系统靶向性质。菌蜕的这些生物学特点使其在作为新型非变性灭活菌苗、作为递呈异源抗原的重组疫苗以及作为DNA疫苗甚至药物的载体方面都显现出巨大的研究开发前景。本研究成功构建了热敏诱导、pR、pL串联双启动子表达E基因的、具有不同抗性标记和复制起点的系列溶菌载体,比国外用pR或pL单启动子的溶茵载体在K-12株大肠杆菌(如XL1-blue)的溶茵效率高一个指数级。本研究还成功制备出禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avian pathogenic E.coli,APEC)野毒株的菌蜕,为进一步进行菌蜕疫苗的开发研究奠定了技术基础。     

The effect of dietary spray-dried porcine plasma on clinical response in weaned piglets challenged with a pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Weaned piglets were used to determine the effect of dietary spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on the clinical response to an infection with a pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O139:K82 LT(-). The piglets were divided into two groups of 10 animals each. One group was fed the control diet containing soybean(meal) plus whey powder. The test piglets were fed a diet with 8% SDPP. Piglets were orally infected with the challenge strain on days 6 and 7 after weaning. The experimental period lasted 14 days after which the piglets were euthanised and necropsied. Faecal samples were collected daily for bacteriological analysis. Segments of jejunum, caecum and rectum were removed for bacteriological analysis post mortem. Feed intake and weight gain, faecal and condition scores and body temperature were measured daily. In the control and SDPP groups, 6 and 7 piglets died from diarrhoea. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) were substantially higher in the SDPP group than in the control group. SDPP-fed piglets generally had a more favourable faecal score and a healthier appearance than did the control piglets. The faecal excretion of E. coli O139:K82 was similar for control and test piglets. There were no diet effects on the E. coli O139:K82 counts at different sites of the intestine. In this experiment, the inclusion of SDPP at an economically acceptable percentage in the diet could not prevent piglet losses due to challenge with a pathogenic E. coli, but improvements of ADG, ADFI and faecal and condition scores were achieved.     

通过接种疫苗减少致病性大肠杆菌感染

禽致病性大肠杆菌（Avian pathogenic Ecoli,APEC）是影响全球肉鸡生产行业的最具经济意义的疾病综合征。APEC是许多疾病的病因,主要作为条件致病菌出现于免疫抑制及随后的呼吸道病毒性感染之后,它既能感染种鸡又可影响商品肉鸡群。     

Binding of E. coli isolates from pigs with postweaning diarrhea or edema disease to crude intestinal mucin of a weaned pig.

The presence of the fedA (gene coding F18 fimbriae) and genes coding STa and LTI enterotoxins and verotoxin Stx2v was determined in 30 E. coli strains isolated from weaned pigs with postweaning diarrhea (PWD) and edema disease (ED). The fedA gene was detected in 22 strains (73.3%). It was mostly associated with the presence of ST gene determinant (14 from 22 fedA positive strains, 63.6%). Two strains possessed ST/Stx2v or LTI/Stx2v combination of genes for both toxins and two strains were negative for investigated toxin determinants. Among 8 fedA-negative strains, five strains without gene determinants for toxins were detected. All 30 E. coli strains were investigated for their binding to crude intestinal mucin of a weaned pig fixed in wells of microtitre plates. Positive mucin binding was observed in most of strains, however, great differences were shown between individual strains. Nineteen strains were classified as strongly adherent, 10 strains as weakly adherent, and only one nonadherent strain was found. Three E. coli strains, selected among the best mucin binders, bound to mucin in a concentration-dependent manner. A high mucin binding by E. coli strains was observed only after their cultivation on blood agar plates. Their cultivation in LB broth or on McConkey agar plates had negative effect on the mucin binding by these strains. The mucin binding is not restricted by the presence of fedA gene because the strains displaying very good binding are found either among fedA positive (1, 602/2, 4/3, 576/6) or fedA negative (DK 6, DK 8) E. coli strains. E. coli strains with the highest mucin binding ability belong to potential ST producents (strains 1, 602/2, 4/3, 6/2, 602/4) while the strains without genes coding toxin production displayed lower binding to mucin substratum with exception of the strains ZV5 and 13.     

仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

由湛江市3个养猪场采集到40份仔猪黄痢、白痢腹泻粪便样品,共分离到40株大肠杆菌,其中7株是致病性大肠杆菌,三个猪场致病性大肠杆菌的分离率分别为15.4%、10%和43%。对7株致病性大肠杆菌进行药物敏感性试验,结果表明:它们均对恩诺沙星、菌必治和丁胺卡那霉素敏感,而对复方新诺明、阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素、四环素和庆大霉素的耐药率为100%,对氯霉素、头孢氨苄和痢特灵的耐药率为85.7%,对卡那霉素和链霉素的耐药率为57.1,%对氟哌酸和环丙沙星的耐药率为14.3%。猪场选用较敏感药物来防治仔猪大肠杆菌病,使疫病得到了有效控制。