纳米银对城郊菜地土壤微生物群落结构及细菌硝化作用的影响

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used antimicrobial compounds;however,they may pose a threat to non-targeted bacteria in the environment.In this study high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the effects of different concentrations of AgNPs (10,50,and 100 mg kg-1) on soil microbial community structure during short-term (7 d) exposure.The amounts of Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Nitrospirac significantly decreased with increasing AgNP concentration;meanwhile,several other phyla (e.g.,Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes) increased and dominated.Nitrosomonas europaea,a well-characterized ammoniaoxidizing bacterium,was used to study the sensitivity of bacteria to AgNPs and ionic silver (Ag+).Flow cytometry was used to monitor the toxicity of low (1 mg L-1),middle (10 mg L-1),and high concentrations (20 mg L-1) of AgNPs,as well as Ag+ (1 mg L-1) released into the medium from 20 mg L-1 concentration of AgNPs,towards N.europaea.After 12 h of exposure,the survival rate of N.europaea treated with 1 mg L-1 Ag+ was significantly lower than those treated with low (1 mg L-1) and middle concentrations (10 mg L-1) of AgNPs,but the survival rate in the treatment with high concentration (20 mg L-1) of AgNPs was much lower.Additionally,necrosis rates were higher in the treatment with 20 mg L-1 AgNPs.Electron microscopy showed that Ag+ caused serious damage to the cell wall of N.europaea,disintegrated the nucleoids,and condensed next to the cell membrane;however,dissolved Ag+ is only one of the antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs.     

有机无机复混肥施用量对热带水稻土微生物群落和酶活性的影响

[目的]研究一次性施用不同量的有机无机复混肥对热带地区水稻产量及土壤微生物群落与酶活性的影响,为该区域水稻高效肥料管理提供科学依据.[方法]水稻田间试验连续进行了3季(2018年早稻-晚稻,2019年早稻).施肥设5个处理:不施肥对照(CK),常规化肥分3次施用(CF),采用一次性基施的等量、减10％和减20％氮磷钾养...     

Effects of sulfamethoxazole on soil microbial communities after adding substrate

The effect of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on soil bacteria was studied using two methods (leucine incorporation and Biolog plates) of estimating pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT). SMX was added to an agricultural soil in a microcosm setup. The addition of different substrates (manure and alfalfa), and a non-amended soil, were also studied over 5 weeks. PICT measurements were validated by comparison with other measurements. Community structure was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), and bacterial growth was estimated using leucine incorporation. Increased PICT was found at SMX concentrations of 20 and 500 mg SMX kg⁻¹ soil in samples containing manure and alfalfa, and at 500 mg SMX kg⁻¹ soil in non-amended soil (only concentration tested) using leucine incorporation. No effect was seen at 1 mg SMX kg⁻¹ soil. It was not necessary to add any substrate to increase the microbial activity in order to detect the effects of a bacteriostatic toxicant such as SMX when using measures based on bacterial growth. Direct inhibition of bacterial growth 2 days after SMX addition was correlated to PICT. No major changes in PICT due to SMX addition were found when using Biolog plates. However, there was a tendency towards increased PICT at the higher SMX concentrations in the manure-amended soil. Thus, different methods of detecting PICT have different sensitivities in detecting the toxic effects of SMX. The effects of substrate amendment were reflected by changes in the microbial community, estimated using both PLFA and CLPP. SMX was found to have a clear effect at the two highest levels of SMX in the manure- and alfalfa-amended soils, with an increase in fungal and a decrease in bacterial PLFAs. Little difference in the PLFA composition was found in the non-amended soil. CLPP was only affected at the highest SMX concentration. Although different variables showed different sensitivities to the effects of SMX, the results were consistent with an initial decrease in bacterial growth rates of sensitive species, which eventually transformed into more tolerant species, altering the community composition.     

不同筛分方式对土壤团聚体及土壤微生物群落的影响

探究土壤团聚体组成、稳定性、有机碳含量及微生物数量在不同土壤筛分方式下的变化,对团聚体筛分方式进行优化。以黑土为研究对象,设置不同筛分方式处理,比较干土干筛、干土湿筛、润土干筛、润土湿筛4种筛分方式的优缺点。结果表明,润土干筛比干土湿筛处理≥2 mm粒径的土壤团聚体高出约85.97%,而在2～0.25、≤0.25 mm粒级中团聚体所占比例最高的干土湿筛比最低的润土干筛分别高出约80.90%、91.82%。>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(R_0.25)在润土干筛下达到最高,为99.35%,该指标与土壤团聚体稳定性成正相关,其值越高则表示土壤抗蚀能力越强。干土湿筛处理下各粒级团聚体土壤有机碳分布平均。干土湿筛处理下,土壤细菌和放线菌的数量最高。而润土干筛处理下土壤真菌数量较高,与润土湿筛、干土干筛、干土湿筛3个处理方式相比有显著性差异。综上发现,干土湿筛处理下土壤团聚体稳定性更好,土壤微生物数量较高,在一定程度上对土壤结构、土壤质量起到优化的作用。     

Changes in tolerance of soil microbial communities in Zn and Cd contaminated soils

Trace metals are present in the soil matrix in different forms, and this obscures the relationship between the amounts of metals, their biological availability and effects. Chemical methods have been devised to directly measure the biological available pools of trace metals, but such methods need to be validated against measured exposure of organisms in the soil. We studied acquired Zn- and Cd tolerance of the soil microbial community as a reporter of its exposure, and compared it with chemical determination of Zn and Cd in 10 soils differing in pH, organic matter content, texture, vegetation-/cultivation history and metal contamination. The tolerance was measured as LC₅₀ (i.e. the metal concentration which inhibits 50% of the activity) in suspensions of extracted soil bacteria, by measuring the incorporation rate of [³H] thymidine at different metal concentrations. Chemical determination of Cd and Zn in soils included total concentrations by aqua regia extractions (AR), and total concentrations in extracted pore water (PW). In addition was the ‘effective concentration’ (C_E) determined using the Diffusion Gradients in Thins films method (DGT). The LC₅₀ values correlated better with PW (r²=0.90 for Cd and r²=0.97 for Zn) and C_E (0.90 for Cd and 0.98 for Zn) compared to the correlation with AR (0.72 for Cd and 0.82 for Zn). After excluding a single extremely contaminated soil from the analysis, the correlation of LC₅₀ with AR was much poorer (r²=0.03 (ns) for Cd and r²=0.48 for Zn), whereas correlations remained significant for both PW (0.90 for Cd and 0.87 for Zn) and C_E (0.54 for Cd and 0.84 for Zn). In conclusion, PW fraction of Cd and Zn appear to be the best predictor of trace metal exposure of the soil microorganisms.     

Effects of biochar on copper immobilization and soil microbial communities in a metal-contaminated soil

Purpose

Copper (Cu) contamination has been increasing in land ecosystems. Biochars (BCs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to bind metals, and metallophyte can remove metals from soils. Will BC in combination with AMF contain the Cu uptake by a metallophyte growing in a metal-contaminated soil? The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of BCs on the Cu immobilization and over soil microbial communities in a metal-contaminated soil in the presence of AMF and metallophyte.

Materials and methods

Two BCs were produced from chicken manure (CMB) and oat hull (OHB). A Cu-contaminated sandy soil (338 mg kg^?1) was incubated with CMB and OHB (0, 1, and 5 % w/w) for 2 weeks. Metallophyte Oenothera picensis was grown in pots (500 mL) containing the incubated soils in a controlled greenhouse for 6 months. A number of analyses were conducted after the harvest. These include plant biomass weight, microbial basal respiration, and dehydrogenase activity (DHA), AMF root colonization, spore number, and glomalin production; changes in fungal and bacterial communities, Cu fractions in soil phases, and Cu uptake in plant tissues.

Results and discussion

The BCs increased the soil pH, decreased easily exchangeable fraction of Cu, and increased organic matter and residual fraction of Cu. The BCs provided favorable habitat for microorganisms, thereby increasing basal respiration. The CMB increased DHA by ～62 and ～574 %, respectively, for the low and high doses. Similarly, the OHB increased soil microbial activity by ～68 and ～72 %, respectively, for the low and high doses. AMF root colonization, spore number, and total glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) production increased by ～3, ～2, and ～3 times, respectively, in soils treated with 1 % OHB. Despite being a metalophyte, O. picensis could not uptake Cu efficiently. Root and shoot Cu concentrations decreased or changed insignificantly in most BC treatments.

Conclusions

The results show that the BCs decreased bioavailable Cu, decreased Cu uptake by O. picensis, improved habitat for microorganisms, and enhanced plant growth in Cu-contaminated soil. This suggests that biochars may be utilized to remediate Cu-contaminated soils.

     

Adsorption of mercury compounds by tropical soils

Mercury adsorption of HgCl₂ and 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride (Aretan) (100 mg Hg L^?1) was measured for three soil profiles from Morogoro, Arusha, and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The adsorption was investigated for the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of the soils. All soil samples showed greater capacity for adsorption of Aretan than for HgCl₂. In the Morogoro profile Hg adsorption decreased with depth but in the other two soils, the minimum adsorption occurred in the third horizon and increased both upwards and downwards. In the Morogoro profile, Aretan adsorption correlated well with pH. Adsorption of both Aretan and HgCl₂ correlated well with the distribution of organic C and with the cation exchange capacity of the soils. In the Arusha and Dar es Salaam profiles Hg adsorption was not significantly correlated with any of the soil properties tested.     

二甲基二硫熏蒸对保护地连作土壤微生物群落的影响

随着保护地高附加值经济作物的连年栽培, 土传病害问题愈发突出, 熏蒸剂也因此得以更广泛的应用。但鉴于熏蒸剂的广谱性, 在杀死有害生物的同时, 不可避免地对非靶标生物产生一定的影响。为明确溴甲烷替代药剂二甲基二硫(dimethyl disulfide, 简称DMDS)熏蒸对土壤微生物群落的影响, 本研究在室内条件下采用BIOLOG 方法, 测定不同浓度DMDS 熏蒸对保护地连作土壤微生物群落的影响。研究结果表明: 不同浓度DMDS(170.00 mg·kg^-1、85.20 mg·kg^-1、42.50 mg·kg^-1、21.30 mg·kg^-1 和10.62 mg·kg^-1)熏蒸处理对镰孢菌属(Fusarium spp.)和疫霉菌属(Phytophthora spp.)的LC₅₀(抑制中浓度)分别为42.08 mg·kg^-1 和115.15 mg·kg^-1。DMDS 熏蒸后恢复培养0 d 取样, 温育120 h 时, 170.00 mg·kg^-1、42.50 mg·kg^-1 和10.62 mg·kg^-1 的DMDS 处理土壤的AWCD 值(平均每孔颜色变化率, average well-color development, AWCD)分别比空白对照升高8.46%、6.02%、19.31%, 表明DMDS 促进了土壤微生物的生长。恢复培养14 d 后, 各处理土壤微生物的AWCD 值恢复至对照水平。多样性指数分析显示, DMDS 熏蒸后恢复培养0 d 时, 土壤微生物群落的Shannon 指数、Simpson指数均高于空白对照, McIntosh 指数与对照无显著性差异; 恢复培养7 d 后, Shannon 指数与Simpson 指数恢复至对照水平。主成分分析结果显示, DMDS 熏蒸后恢复培养0 d 时, 各处理间微生物对碳源的利用方式差异显著, 恢复培养14 d 后, DMDS 对微生物碳源利用方式的影响逐渐减弱, 恢复至对照水平。结果表明, DMDS 熏蒸处理对土壤微生物的生长具有促进作用, 影响了微生物对碳源的利用方式, 但在恢复培养14 d 后, 被干扰的土壤微生物逐渐恢复至对照水平。DMDS 熏蒸处理在有效防控土传病原真菌的同时, 不会对土壤微生物群落产生明显的扰动影响, 对环境较安全。     

Interactions between nematodes and microbial communities in a tropical soil following manipulation of the soil food web

The carrying capacity for microflora and nematofauna was manipulated (using a bactericide, a fungicide, manure or a growing millet plant) in a poor tropical soil, in order to identify relationships between the soil microbes and nematodes and to assess the influences of these organisms on nitrogen flux. The experiment was conducted for 4 months in containers under greenhouse conditions, with analyses of soil, nematofauna and microbial characteristics at regular intervals. Manure input and initial bactericide application led to a significant increase in bacterial-feeding and fungal-feeding nematodes of coloniser-persister classes 1 and 2, respectively, whereas high manure input stimulated omnivorous nematodes (i.e. Microdorylaimus rapsus) which became the dominant trophic group. Changes in abundance of the different bacterial-feeding nematode taxa between treatments seemed to be more related to changes in the structure of the microbial communities than to the total amount of micro-organisms, as suggested by the RISA fingerprint analysis of the bacterial communities. Canonical analysis of nematode feeding guilds, combined with soil microbial and mineral nitrogen parameters as well as multiple regression showed that the bacterial-feeding nematodes influenced the inorganic N content in the soil whereas microbial biomass was determined by total nematode abundance and not by any specific trophic group.     

Effects of genetically modified plants on microbial communities and processes in soil

The development and use of genetically modified plants (GMPs) has been a topic of considerable public debate in recent years. GMPs hold great promise for improving agricultural output, but the potential for unwanted effects of GMP use is still not fully understood. The majority of studies addressing potential risks of GMP cultivation have addressed only aboveground effects. However, recent methodological advances in soil microbial ecology have allowed research focus to move underground to try to gain knowledge of GMP-driven effects on the microbial communities and processes in soil that are essential to key terrestrial ecosystem functions. This review gives an overview of the research performed to date on this timely topic, highlighting a number of case studies. Although such research has advanced our understanding of this topic, a number of knowledge gaps still prevent full interpretation of results, as highlighted by the failure of most studies to assign a definitively negative, positive or neutral effect to GMP introduction. Based upon our accumulating, yet incomplete, understanding of soil microbes and processes, we propose a synthesis for the case-by-case study of GMP effects, incorporating assessment of the potential plant/ecosystem interactions, accessible and relevant indicators, and tests for unforeseen effects.     

Effects of straw amendment and moisture on microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil

Purpose

Returning crop straw into fields is a typical agricultural practice to resolve an oversupply of straw and improve soil fertility. Soil microorganisms, especially eukaryotic microorganisms, play a critical role in straw decomposition. To date, microbial communities in response to straw amendment at different moisture levels in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of straw amendment and moisture on microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil.

Materials and methods

Two soils (one was applied with organic manure, and the other was not applied with any fertilizer) from a long-term field experiment in the North China Plain were collected. Soils with and without straw amendment at 25 and 55 % of the average water-holding capacities of the two soils were incubated at 25 °C for 80 days. All treatments were sampled 20 and 80 days after the start of incubation. Microbial biomass and community structure were analyzed by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) assay, and the eukaryotic diversity and community composition were assessed via barcoded pyrosequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons.

Results and discussion

PLFA analysis showed that straw amendment increased the biomass of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi and shifted microbial community structure. The varied straw availability resulted in a large variation in microbial community structure. In the presence of straw, actinobacterial and fungal biomass both decreased under high moisture content. 18S rRNA gene pyrosequencing indicated that straw amendment decreased eukaryotic diversity and richness and probably restructured the eukaryotic community. Under identical moisture content, long-term organic manure-fertilized soil had higher eukaryotic diversity and richness than the unfertilized soil. In the amended soils under high moisture content, the relative abundance of dominant fungal taxa (Dikarya subkingdom, Ascomycota phylum, and Pezizomycotina subphylum) decreased.

Conclusions

Straw amendment increases microbial biomass, shifts microbial community structure, and decreases eukaryotic diversity and richness. High moisture content probably has a negative effect on fungal growth in the amended soils. In conclusion, microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil are significantly affected by straw amendment at different moisture levels.     

Geochemistry of mercury in pristine and flooded ferralitic soils of a tropical rain forest in French Guiana,South America

In ferralitic soils of the dense Guianese forest, mercury (Hg) concentrations of the surface horizons varied from 122 to 318 ng/g d.w. The behaviour and accumulation of Hg is not related to the accumulation of organic matter but to the penetration of humic substances and the progressive adsorption onto iron (Fe) oxy-hydroxydes in the mineral horizons. The flooding of such soils with the creation of a small reservoir has lead to a release of 20% of the Hg initially present. This observation is related to the reduction of the Fe oxy-hydroxydes and to the migration of the organo-metallic complexes to the water column. Although physico-chemical conditions are appropriate for bacterial methylation, methyl Hg (MeHg) levels of these soils are very low. The process regulating MeHg production and its possible loss from the soil are unknown.     

The effect of electrokinetics on soil microbial communities

There is growing interest in the potential of applying an electric field to soil to move and stimulate the degradation of contaminants, but we know little of the impact of this approach on exposed microbial communities. The effect of electrokinetics (3.14 A m⁻²) on soil bacterial and fungal communities was studied using soil cartridge microcosms (13 cm×5.4 cm×5.9 cm). After 27 days of electrokinetics, a zone of low pH (<4) was detected close to the anode. Soil exposed to electrokinetics and immediately adjacent to the anode demonstrated an increase in carbon substrate utilisation potential (≤290%) and microbial respiration rates. The diversity and structure of the bacterial community showed little response to electrokinetics, with the exception of soil close to the anode. Here, an increase in the percentage of Gram-positive species isolated was identified, most notably of Bacillus megaterium. Overall, the only detectable response of the microbial community was observed in soil immediately adjacent to the anode. The results of this study provide evidence that the application of electrokinetics has no serious negative effect on ‘soil microbial health’, thus endorsing its validity as a viable soil remediation technology.     

Effects of vegetational type and soil depth on soil microbial communities on the Loess Plateau of China

Soil microbial communities are very sensitive to changes in land use and are often used as indicators of soil fertility. We evaluated the microbial communities in the soils of four types of vegetation (cropland (CP), natural grassland (NG), broadleaf forest (BF) and coniferous forest (CF)) at depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm on the Loess Plateau in China using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of DNA amplicons from polymerase chain reactions. The soil microbial communities were affected more by vegetation type than by soil depth. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil-water content, pH, bulk density (BD) and C:N ratio were all significantly associated with the composition of the communities. Total PLFA, bacterial PLFA and fungal PLFA were significantly higher in the BF than the CP. The DGGE analyses showed that NG had the most diverse bacterial and fungal communities. These results confirmed the significant effect of vegetation type on soil microbial communities. BFs and natural grass were better than the CFs for the restoration of vegetation on the Loess Plateau.     

Exploring soil microbial communities and soil organic matter: Variability and interactions in arable soils under minimum tillage practice

This study describes an integrated approach (1) to monitor the quantity and quality of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) and size, structure and function of microbial communities in space (depth) and time, and (2) to explore the relationships among the measured properties. The study site was an arable field in Southern Germany under integrated farming management including reduced tillage. Samples of this Eutric Cambisol soil were taken in July 2001, October 2001, April 2002 and July 2002 and separated into three depths according to the soil profile (0–10 cm, 10–28 cm and 28–40 cm). For each sample, the quantity and quality (humification index, HIX) of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) were measured concomitantly with soil enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, protease) and microbial community size (C_mic). Furthermore, microbial community structure was characterised based on the fingerprints of nucleic acids (DNA) as well as phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). We observed strong influences of sampling date and depth on the measured parameters, with depth accounting for more of the observed variability than date. Increasing depth resulted in decreases in all parameters, while seasonal effects differed among variants. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed that both DNA and PLFA fingerprints differentiated among microbial communities from different depths, and to a smaller extent, sampling dates. The majority of the 10 PLFAs contributing most to PC 1 were specific for anaerobes. Enzyme activities were strongly related to C_mic, which was depending on water extractable organic carbon and nitrogen (WEOC and WEON) but not to HIX. HIX and WEOM interact with the microbial community, illustrated by (1) the correlation with the number of PLFA peaks (community richness), and (2) the correlations with community PC analysis scores.     

Functional resilience of soil microbial communities depends on both soil structure and microbial community composition

The effects of soil structure and microbial community composition on microbial resistance and resilience to stress were found to be interrelated in a series of experiments. The initial ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens to decompose added plant residues immediately after a copper or heat stress (resistance) depended significantly on which of 26 sterile soils it was inoculated into. Subsequent studies showed that both the resistance and subsequent recovery in the ability of P. fluorescens to decompose added plant residues over 28 days after stress (resilience) varied significantly between a sandy and a clay-loam soil. Sterile, sandy and clay-loam soil was then inoculated with a complex microbial community extracted from either of the soils. The resulting microbial community structure depended on soil type rather than the source of inoculum, whilst the resistance and resilience of decomposition was similarly governed by the soil and not the inoculum source. Resilience of the clay-loam soil to heat stress did not depend on the water content of the soil at the time of stress, although the physical condition of the soil when decomposition was measured did affect the outcome. We propose that soil functional resilience is governed by the physico-chemical structure of the soil through its effect on microbial community composition and microbial physiology.     

长期施肥对黑土农田土壤微生物群落的影响

基于中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站长期定位试验区,应用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术研究了无施肥(NF)、单施N、P化肥(NP)以及化肥配施有机猪粪肥(NPM)等3种长期施肥措施对黑土区玉米田土壤微生物群落密度和结构的影响.Real-time PCR方法定量NF、NP及NPM措施土壤细菌群落基因组DNA质量分别为381、1 351和1 773 ng g-1干土,真菌群落基因组DNA质量分别113.3、127.3和20.6 ng g-1干土,真菌与细菌的比率分别为0.31、0.09和0.01,NPM措施显著低于另两种施肥方式(p＜0.05).DGGE方法研究表明,NP和NPM措施不能改善土壤细菌和真菌群落的多样性、均匀性及优势菌优势程度;但主成分分析结果显示NP和NPM措施均可改变土壤细菌和真菌群落的构成,且真菌群落的变化更为显著;聚类分析结果显示NP和NPM措施下细菌群落结构较相近,其相似系数为0.89,真菌群落中NP措施与NF措施相近,相似系数为0.63,高于NP与NPM措施的相似系数0.51.上述结果表明有机猪粪肥的长期施用可以显著降低黑土农田土壤真菌与细菌的比率,且明显地改变土壤细菌和真菌群落的结构.     

黄顶菊入侵对土壤微生物、土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响

通过采样分析,研究了外来植物黄顶菊入侵对非耕地和耕地,以及对玉米根系土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤速效养分的影响,旨在揭示黄顶菊入侵农田和贫瘠荒地的机制。本试验比较了距根系不同距离土壤的微生态变化;分析了根系土壤3大微生物类群结构、5种土壤理化性质以及5种土壤酶活性之间的相关性。结果表明,非耕地黄顶菊根表速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别为对照的4.44、6.88、2.64倍,耕地中分别为对照的5.31、13.78、7.56倍;非耕地黄顶菊根表土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别为对照的13.23、6.67、21.40倍,耕地中分别为对照的9.27、2.15、2.24倍,可见黄顶菊对非耕地土壤中可培养的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量的影响更为明显;非耕地中黄顶菊根表土壤碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、脱氢酶、蔗糖酶的活性分别为对照的19.44、5.39、1.64、1.74、4.62倍,说明细菌非常活跃。耕地中分别为对照的2.26、3.45、1.53、0.95、4.89倍。另外在玉米与黄顶菊互作时,其根表土壤速效氮、磷、钾分别为非互作条件下的63.54%、64.70%、80.71%、,黄顶菊入侵明显降低了玉米根表速效养分。综上,黄顶菊入侵增加了其根系周围可培养土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性及土壤速效养分含量;降低了附近玉米根表土壤中可培养微生物数量、土壤酶活性和速效养分含量。