Comparison of the performance, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters of broiler chicks reared in cage and floor

This study was conducted to determine the effect of housing systems on the performance, carcass characteristics and the haematology of 150 four-week old Anak titan strains of broiler chicks in a completely randomized design. The birds were allocated randomly into two treatment (cage and floor) groups of three replications containing 25 birds per replicate. They were maintained for a period of 4 weeks and data were collected on; final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed:gain and mortality. At the 56th week, carcass yield, cut-up parts and organs weights as well as some parameters were measured. The results showed that feed intake and feed:gain were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the cage system. Dressing percentage and breast weight were higher (p < 0.05) in the floor housing system while drumstick and lung weight were higher in the cage system. No significant (p > 0.05) difference was obtained in the haematology. It was then concluded that an improvement in the floor system could result into a better performance and an increased carcass yield.     

Effect of dietary garlic on immune response of broiler chicks to live Newcastle Disease vaccine

This study was designed to determine the effect of garlic powder on humoral immune response of broilers against NDV (Newcastle Disease Virus) vaccine. Two hundred and forty, two-day-old, Ross chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 60 birds each. Chicks in groups 1 and 2 were given control mash diet during the experiment (6 week), but those in groups 3 and 4 were fed on control diet supplemented with 1 and 3% garlic powder, respectively. All groups except number 1 were vaccinated by eye-drop with B1 strain (Pestikal, Croatia) at 9 and 18 days of age. Ten blood samples were taken from each group on days 0, 14, 24 and 34 after first vaccination. The serum antibody level against NDV was measured by both HI and ELISA tests. The EDTA-mixed blood samples were examined for total and differential leukocyte count. The results showed that antibody titers in vaccinated chicks were significantly more than in non-vaccinated chicks (p < 0.05), but not influenced by the diet (p > 0.05). A significant increase of total leukocyte and percentage of lymphocytes was observed in vaccinated chicks 14 days after vaccination, but there were no difference (p > 0.05) among vaccinated groups. It is concluded that inclusion of garlic powder to the diet of broilers don't have any beneficial effect on humoral immune response to live NDV vaccine.     

遮荫对暑季乌龙茶生产影响试验初报

安溪县是乌龙茶的主产区，现有茶同面积2万hm^2，年产乌龙茶总量30万t，其中夏暑季乌龙茶产量约占全年乌龙茶总量的30％。随着全球气温的上升，茶园旱害热害不断发生，茶叶的经济效益受到不同程度的影响。因此，2004年，在我所开展了本试验.     

南靖县汛期暴雨气候特征及其对农业的危害性分析

暴雨是最重要的灾害性天气之一,对农业生产造成严重影响。对1960—2005年南靖县汛期暴雨气候分析表明,前汛期暴雨主要集中在5月下旬-6月中旬,后汛期暴雨主要出现在8月上旬、8月下旬和9月上旬。汛期暴雨日数的年际变化呈现出3年周期,前汛期与后汛期暴雨日数存在反位相关系,大暴雨日数月际分布呈现双峰型,从20世纪90年代起出现大暴雨的几率明显增大。产生暴雨的天气系统,前汛期主要是低层切变线,后汛期主要是热带气旋。针对南靖县暴雨特征提出了减轻汛期暴雨对农业生产造成危害的具体措施。     

华南双季优质稻在张家界中稻区的气候生态适应性初步研究

2004年选用广东省水稻研究所提供的华南双季稻品种，通过比较广州早稻栽培与湘西北张家界中稻试种的产量与米质变化，以探索华南双季优质稻与广适性超级稻对不同气候生态条件的适应性。结果表明，各品种在两地生育期表现相近；张家界水稻生育前期和中期气温较高，因而有效穗数比广州增加，但每穗总粒数显著减少；由于张家界8月上旬水稻抽穗开花期常出现过高温时段，因而结实率下降，但水稻灌浆结实期气温比广州低，故千粒重比广州高；两地各品种产量水平相当，大多在7．50～8．25t／hm^2；在稻米品质方面，张家界稻区的糙米率和精米率下降而垩白粒率和垩白度增加，稻米直链淀粉含量大多高于广州。张家界低海拔地区引进华南双季稻品种作中熟中稻栽培。表现出良好的气候生态适应性。     

Effects of shift in growing season due to climate change on rice yield and crop water requirements

Paddy and Water Environment - According to recent climate projections for South Korea, increases in temperature and precipitation will affect water use and crop production associated with paddy...     

茶与健康专题(四) 饮茶与人体免疫

人体具有其自身的免疫机能,以保持机体的健康,这种免疫防御系统是通过免疫蛋白体的形成用以识别入侵人体的病原,然后由人体的白血球和淋巴细胞行使"围歼"任务.     

不同施肥水平对佛手秋茶产量的影响

为探讨不同施肥水平对茶叶生长及产量效果,为大面积推广提供科学依据。为此,我站于2006年进行秋季佛手茶不同施肥水平肥效小区试验。     

气候因子对棉花衣分的影响

本文通过对聊城市1999年至2001年棉花衣分的变化同与其相对应的气候因子进行灰色关联分析，可知：8月中旬，9月下旬的光照时数；8月上中旬，9月中旬的降水量能够较大的影响棉花衣分，8月上旬的光照时数，9月上旬的降水量对棉花衣分也有一定的影响，生产上可通过尽可能地改善或充分利用这些气候因子以提高棉花的衣分。     

Effect of stocking rate in early season on dairy cow performance and sward characteristics

A comparison was made of stocking rates of 4·7, 5·6 and 6·4 cows ha^-1 during the first 7 weeks (period 1) of the grazing season. Each group of British Friesian cows was continuously stocked on a day and a night field. In the subsequent periods 2 and 3 (each lasting 7 weeks) the three groups were maintained at the same stocking rate within periods (4·2 and 31 cows ha^-1, respectively). The differential stocking rates were achieved by the addition and removal of cows.
The stocking rates applied in period I had no significant effects on milk yield, milk composition, liveweight change or condition score, in any period. Milk production ha^-1 over the three periods totalled 12390,13 978 and 14986 kg, and the estimated utilized metabolizable energy totalled 773, 81·5 and 86·6 GJ ha^-1 for low, medium and high stocking rates, respectively.
Increased stocking rate in period I was associated with a decrease in sward height in periods 1 and 2. This led to an increase in herbage metabolizable energy, and crude protein contents, and to an increase in tiller population density. The lowest stocking rate gave greater live individual tiller weights throughout the experiment and a longer interval between defoliation of individual tillers in period 1.
The results indicate that high stocking rates in the spring are not necessarily detrimental to overall summer performance of spring calving dairy cows. However, high stocking rates in the early season ensure a high level of herbage utilization and milk output ha^-1 in that period. Although this practice leads to a reduced sward height in mid season, the sward has less rejected area, a higher tiller population density and a higher digestibility than swards stocked at a lower level.     

覆盖遮荫及生产季节对蒸青绿茶滋味和香气物质的影响

本论文研究了覆盖遮荫处理和生产季节对蒸青绿茶主要滋味和香气成分的影响。结果表明,覆盖遮荫能有效提高深度蒸青绿茶的游离氨基酸总含量,但对茶多酚含量影响不明显,酚氨比值显著下降,挥发性香气物质总含量有所提高,明显增加的挥发性物质有(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛,正己醛,β-紫罗酮,吲哚和芳樟醇。生产季节对覆盖遮荫蒸青绿茶品质成分有明显影响,主要体现在夏秋季所制蒸青绿茶的游离氨基酸总含量较春季所制蒸青绿茶低,而茶多酚含量则略有提高,酚氨比值明显提高;春、秋季所制遮荫蒸青绿茶的挥发性物质总含量较夏季高。可见,春季(4月、5月)生产的覆盖遮荫蒸青绿茶的滋味和香气俱佳,而秋季(8月)生产的覆盖遮荫蒸青绿茶的香气较高。     

收获期籽粒田间霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响

为明确收获期籽粒田间霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响,采用人工降雨室内模拟连阴雨天气,对18个大豆材料进行高湿诱导霉变处理,通过籽粒霉变程度分级,比较不同材料间的霉变敏感性差异,同时考察霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同大豆材料对籽粒田间霉变的敏感性存在显著差异,黑色和棕色种皮大豆较黄色种皮大豆的霉变抗性更强。霉变使各大豆材料产量显著下降,产量损失在23.14%~96.55%之间,产量损失率与霉变指数呈极显著正相关(P0.01),产量损失率(Y)与霉变指数(X)的回归拟合方程为Y=1.34X+24.51,R=0.98。霉变还影响大豆品质,籽粒蛋白质、脂肪的相对含量随霉变程度的增加先降低后升高,可溶性糖的相对含量随霉变程度的增加而降低,而蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖的绝对含量均随霉变程度的增加而降低。此外,霉变使籽粒百粒重降低,并随霉变程度的增加而逐步降低。大豆收获期籽粒田间霉变会对大豆产量和品质产生不利影响,不同抗性的大豆种质资源为抗霉变大豆品种的选育提供了物质基础。     

Effect of dietary rosemary extract on cell-mediated immunity of young rats

The impact of rosemary extract on splenic mononuclear cell proliferation was determined. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200 or 400 ppm rosemary extract or 400 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in combinatiion with 10 or 20% casein enriched diets for 8 weeks. Splenic mononuclear cells were isolated from these animals and mitogenic response to Concanavalin A (Con A), Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide was determined. Con A and PHA-stimulated proliferation of spleen cells from rats fed 10% casein and 200 ppm rosemary extract was significantly higher than that of cells from the corresponding control animals. However, other levels of rosemary at 10% dietary casein or rosemary at any concentration fed along with 20% dietary casein had no impact on the mitogenic stimulation of splenic mononuclear cells. Thus, these results suggest that the use of rosemary might not have a generalized immunoenhancing effect, and will probably be effective in some stressed conditions, such as protein or antioxidant deficiency.     

Effect of dietary rosemary extract on cell-mediated immunity of young rats.

The impact of rosemary extract on splenic mononuclear cell proliferation was determined. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200 or 400 ppm rosemary extract or 400 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in combination with 10 or 20% casein enriched diets for 8 weeks. Splenic mononuclear cells were isolated from these animals and mitogenic response to Concanavalin A (Con A), Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide was determined. Con A and PHA-stimulated proliferation of spleen cells from rats fed 10% casein and 200 ppm rosemary extract was significantly higher than that of cells from the corresponding control animals. However, other levels of rosemary at 10% dietary casein or rosemary at any concentration fed along with 20% dietary casein had no impact on the mitogenic stimulation of splenic mononuclear cells. Thus, these results suggest that the use of rosemary might not have a generalized immunoenhancing effect, and will probably be effective in some stressed conditions, such as protein or antioxidant deficiency.     

优质再生稻新组合对比试验效应分析

汕优６３作再生稻栽培,在我省已种植多年,农艺性状有所下降,加上生育期偏长,影响了再生稻向中高海拔地区发展;汕优６６９又因米质偏差而不被接受。为适应粮食结构调整的要求,进一步提高再生稻的产量和米质,２０００年我们在永泰、武夷山、尤溪等地进行优质再生稻新组合筛选试验,比较了米质较好的福两优２１６３、Ｄ７０２优多系１号、Ｄ优６８等新组合作再生稻栽培的产量、再生力等表现,结果如下： 一、试验设计与管理 １．参试组合 参试组合有：Ｄ７０２优多系１号、Ｄ７０２优５２７、Ｄ宝优６号、Ⅱ优６号、Ｄ优６８、Ｄ优５２…     

Effect of transplant container volume and growing season length on field performance of micropropagated potatoes

Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique adapted for the rapid multiplication of disease-free seed stocks. Procedures for propagating potatoes in the laboratory and acclimating plantlets in the greenhouse are available, but information on cultural practices for maximizing tuber yield of plantlets when transplanted to the field is lacking. Centennial Russet and Russet Burbank plantlets were transferred from culture jars to three sizes of transplant containers for establishment under greenhouse conditions before transplanting to the field. Length of field growing season was varied by using two transplant dates and two vine kill dates. Survival of field transplanted plantlets was above 95 percent in both 1983 and 1984. Cultural practices significantly affected the tuber yield of plantlets of both cultivars. Total yield and yield of tubers larger than 35 mm in diameter increased with increasing transplant container volume. Transplant container volume had no effect on the yield of tubers less than 35 mm in diameter. Highest total yields and tuber production per plantlet for both Centennial Russet and Russet Burbank were obtained from the longest growing season (early transplant date with late vine kill). Yield of Russet Burbank plantlets increased more in response to a longer growing season than did Centennial Russet.     

Effect of early season sward management on sward quality and lamb liveweight gain during autumn

In two experiments (1990 and 1991) perennial ryegrass (cv. Talbot) pasture was subjected to six different management treatments by adjusting stock numbers to achieve set sward heights for set periods between turn-out in early April and weaning in early July. The main objective of the experiments was to measure the effect of differences in sward management up to July on subsequent sward type, and the effect of sward type on the performance of weaned lambs between mid-July and early October when all swards were grazed at a sward height of 7 cm. In Experiment 1 swards were grazed at 7 cm initially and then reduced to 3 cm at various dates and maintained at 3 cm until early July. In Experiment 2 swards were grazed initially at 7 cm, and this was reduced to 3 cm and then allowed to return to 7 cm at various dates up to early July. Grazing at a sward height of 7 cm up to weaning, in early July, gave mean twin lamb growth rates of 310 g d^?1, while at a tower sward surface height of 3 cm lamb growth rate was reduced to 206 g d^?1 The density of seed heads produced from July was strongly influenced by earlier management. Grazing at 7 cm up to July gave a high density of seed heads (213m^?2), and this reduced (126 m^?2) by grazing to 3 cm. Seed heads were almost eliminated (17 m^?2) by grazing at 7 cm until late June followed by grazing down to 3 cm in early July. Reducing sward surface height from 7 cm to 3 cm at an earlier date tended to increase the development of seed heads from early July. Where swards were grazed from 7 cm to 3 cm and then allowed to return to 7 cm, the later in the pre-weaning period this took place the greater the reduction in seed head development. Greater seed head density was associated with a significant decrease in the nitrogen content of the herbage on offer in Experiment 2, but an increase in modified acid detergent (MAD) fibre content was not significant. Despite the differences in the sward type on offer, the effect on weaned lamb growth rate was small. Lamb liveweight gain during autumn was significantly reduced in Experiment 2 following earlier grazing at 7 cm compared with 3 cm, but liveweight gain differences in Experiment 1 were not significant.     

环翠楼高丽红参复方制剂抗氧化和提高免疫力研究

目的研究环翠楼高丽红参复方制剂抗氧化和提高免疫力活性。方法通过对羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除能力进行测定来检测环翠楼高丽红参复方制剂的体外抗氧化活性;对运动后小鼠肝脏中总抗氧化的能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量进行测定,检测其对运动后小鼠体内抗氧化的功能;进行胸腺指数和脾脏指数血清溶菌酶的测定,考察环翠楼红参复方制剂对提高机体非特异性免疫的作用。结果环翠楼高丽红参复方制剂具有较强的抗氧化作用,效果明显(p0.05),有清除自由基能力,体外抗氧化活性显著和提高免疫力活性。结论环翠楼高丽红参复方制剂具有显著的抗氧化和提高免疫力活性。     

辽宁省水稻新品种产量及产量结构与环境效应的方差分析

以辽宁省2004～2005年中晚熟水稻区试参试品种为试材,分析了水稻品种在不同试点的产量和产量结构的差异,方差分析表明:水稻品种产量的变化主要受环境效应影响,年份×地点互作效应是影响产量的主要随机因素。每穴穗数、每穗总粒数、成粒率、千粒重都与产量有显著线性效应,每穴穗数和每穗总粒数对产量的直接作用较大,每穗总粒数通过每穴穗数对产量表现为显著负向作用。     

Effect of breed of cattle and season on diet selection and defoliation of competitive plant species in semi-natural grasslands

To maintain biodiversity in semi‐natural grasslands, the choice of breed of livestock and season of grazing can be important. The objective was to determine the effects of breed and season on the composition of plant fragments in the faeces of cattle grazing a heterogeneous semi‐natural grassland. Twelve heifers of the traditional Swedish Väneko breed (live weight 309 kg) and twelve heifers of the Charolais breed (live weight 431 kg) were allocated to three pastures per breed. Faeces samples were collected in spring, summer and autumn for micro‐histological examination of plant fragments. On the same occasion, defoliation of four competitive plant species was recorded. Faecal plant fragments mainly consisted of grasses but also herbs, whereas Cyperaceae, despite their abundance on the pastures, only composed a small proportion of fragments. Season affected the composition of plant fragments in the faeces, with a higher proportion of Cyperaceae and herbs in spring than later in the grazing period (P < 0·001), and the heifers ingesting more grasses and woody plants in autumn. In spite of a clear difference in live weight between the two breeds, no effects of breed on the composition of plant fragments in faeces were observed, although Väneko heifers defoliated more Filipendula ulmaria in spring than the Charolais heifers (P < 0·01). In addition, defoliation of Alnus glutinosa increased later in the grazing period (P < 0·05), especially for the Väneko heifers, indicating control of pernicious brushwood by grazing may be more effective in autumn.