海洋青霉菌抗真菌活性物质高产菌株的诱变选育

采用紫外线(UV)、激光(Laser)、亚硝基胍(NTG)复合诱变HN89青霉菌后，再用HN89菌株的次生代谢产物(HN89A)对复合诱变菌株进行了自我抗性的选育．结果表明，与出发菌相比，菌株经诱变后相对效价显提高．自我抗性诱变结果表明：在67株经复合诱变的抗性菌株中，其抗真菌活性物质相对效价高于出发菌株的正变株有60株，正变率达到90％。其中相对效价提高50％以上的菌株为2l株，占所筛选菌株总数的31％；效价提高100％以上的菌株为9株，占13％，其中突变株HN89-68活性物质的相对效价可提高到286％。活性物质效价提高幅度与其自身产量提高幅度存在一定的正相关。诱变高产菌株遗传稳定性好．     

铜绿金龟子肠道链霉菌Streptomyces sp. BCa1 菌体的抗菌成分研究

为从昆虫来源的放线菌次级代谢产物中寻找药物先导分子,对铜绿金龟子幼虫肠道链霉菌Streptomyces sp. BCa1菌丝体化学成分进行了研究。通过活性跟踪,从其菌丝体的氯仿甲醇萃取物中分离得到主要成分1。利用高分辨质谱、一维和二维核磁波谱技术,将该主要成分1鉴定为具有双重旋转对称结构的不饱和大环内酯类抗生素阿扎霉素（elaiophylin）,具有显著的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性。该类化合物为首次从昆虫来源的放线菌中发现。     

海洋青霉HN89菌株次生代谢产物抗菌活性的研究

海洋青霉HN89菌株次生代谢产物的抗菌活性与发酵条件对抗生素产量影响的研究结果表明:海洋青霉HN89菌株的次生代谢产物对细菌、酵母、霉菌均有抑制作用;摇瓶发酵产生抗生素(HN89A)的最佳培养基成分为:玉米淀粉20g/L,黄豆粉2g/L,K2HPO41g/L,NaCl0.5g/L,MgSO4 0.5g/L,FeSO4·7H2O0.01g/L,蛋白胨1g/L,用海水配制的海带汁(W/V,2%)1L,最佳发酵条件为28℃下振荡培养(200r/min)96~108h。合适的温度刺激能促进HN89A的合成。      

New Capoamycin-Type Antibiotics and Polyene Acids from Marine Streptomyces fradiae PTZ0025

Capoamycin-type antibiotics (2–5) and polyene acids (6, 7) were isolated from marine Streptomyces fradiae strain PTZ0025. Their structures were established by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) analyses and chemical degradation. Compounds 3, 4, 6, 7 were found to be new and named as fradimycins A (3) and B (4), and fradic acids A (6) and B (7). Compounds 3–5 showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.0 to 6.0 μg/mL. Interestingly, Compounds 3–5 also significantly inhibited cell growth of colon cancer and glioma with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.13 to 6.46 μM. Fradimycin B (4), the most active compound, was further determined to arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis in tumor cells. The results indicated that fradimycin B (4) arrested the cell cycle at the G₀/G₁ phase and induced apoptosis and necrosis in colon cancer and glioma cells. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the marine natural products 3–5, particularly fradimycin B (4), possessed potent antimicrobial and antitumor activities.     

Hormaomycins B and C: New Antibiotic Cyclic Depsipeptides from a Marine Mudflat-Derived Streptomyces sp.

Alterations in microbial culture conditions may trigger the production of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. While applying various culture conditions and monitoring secondary metabolite profiles using LC/MS, hormaomycins B and C (1 and 2) were discovered from a marine mudflat-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp., collected in Mohang, Korea. The planar structures of the hormaomycins, which bear structurally-unique units, such as 4-(Z)-propenylproline, 3-(2-nitrocyclopropyl)alanine, 5-chloro-1-hydroxypyrrol-2-carboxylic acid and β-methylphenylalanine, were established as the first natural analogues belonging to the hormaomycin peptide class. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were deduced by comparing their CD spectra with that of hormaomycin. These hormaomycins exhibited significant inhibitory effects against various pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.     

New Ikarugamycin Derivatives with Antifungal and Antibacterial Properties from Streptomyces zhaozhouensis

A bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract from culture broths of the strain Streptomyces zhaozhouensis CA-185989 led to the isolation of three new polycyclic tetramic acid macrolactams (1–3) and four known compounds. All the new compounds were structurally related to the known Streptomyces metabolite ikarugamycin (4). Their structural elucidation was accomplished using a combination of electrospray-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF MS) and 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Compounds 1–3 showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).     

Antibacterial and Antifungal Compounds from Marine Fungi

This paper reviews 116 new compounds with antifungal or antibacterial activities as well as 169 other known antimicrobial compounds, with a specific focus on January 2010 through March 2015. Furthermore, the phylogeny of the fungi producing these antibacterial or antifungal compounds was analyzed. The new methods used to isolate marine fungi that possess antibacterial or antifungal activities as well as the relationship between structure and activity are shown in this review.     

Novel Macrolactams from a Deep-Sea-Derived Streptomyces Species

Four polyene macrolactams including the previously reported niizalactam C (4), and three new ones, streptolactams A–C (1–3) with a 26-membered monocyclic, [4,6,20]-fused tricyclic and 11,23-oxygen bridged [14,16]-bicyclic skeletons, respectively, were isolated from the fermentation broth of the deep-sea sediment-derived Streptomyces sp. OUCMDZ-3159. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and chemical methods. The abiotic formation of compounds 2 and 4 from compound 1 were confirmed by a series of chemical reactions under heat and light conditions. Compounds 1 and 3 showed a selective antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231.     

紫黑链霉菌进化枝菌株Streptomyces solisilvae HNM0141T的全基因组分析

链霉菌属放线菌是最重要的抗生素产生菌,也是包含放线菌种类最多的放线菌属.链霉菌属的有效发表种的模式菌株在16S rRNA基因序列系统发育树上分散归簇于不同的进化分枝.紫黑链霉菌16S rRNA基因进化枝(Streptomyces violaceusniger 16S rRNA gene clade)是其中的一个分枝.该...     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌HAB-7对18株植物病原真菌的抑制作用

HAB-7是一株分离自豇豆根际土壤、具有较强抑菌作用的解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。研究HAB-7对18株植物病原真菌及其发酵液粗提蛋白对植物病原的抑制作用,并测定其对番茄种子的促生作用。采用平板对峙法测定其对18株植物病原真菌的抑制活性,以橡胶树炭疽菌为指示菌,对其发酵上清液经60%、80%硫酸铵盐析获得的抗菌粗蛋白进行测试;并将HAB-7菌液稀释成6个浓度梯度,分别用来对番茄种子进行促生测试。结果显示：HAB-7对18株植物病原真菌的平均抑菌率为61.03%;     

Theonellamide G,a Potent Antifungal and Cytotoxic Bicyclic Glycopeptide from the Red Sea Marine Sponge Theonella swinhoei

In our search for bioactive metabolites from marine organisms, we have investigated the polar fraction of the organic extract of the Red Sea sponge Theonella swinhoei. Successive chromatographic separations and final HPLC purification of the potent antifungal fraction afforded a new bicyclic glycopeptide, theonellamide G (1). The structure of the peptide was determined using extensive 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectral determinations. The absolute configuration of theonellamide G was determined by chemical degradation and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Theonellamide G showed potent antifungal activity towards wild and amphotericin B-resistant strains of Candida albicans with IC₅₀ of 4.49 and 2.0 μM, respectively. Additionally, it displayed cytotoxic activity against the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HCT-16) with IC₅₀ of 6.0 μM. These findings provide further insight into the chemical diversity and biological activities of this class of compounds.     

13种苯丙烷代谢物对6种炭疽菌的抑菌活性研究

炭疽病是广泛影响热带、亚热带植物的真菌性病害。开发绿色农药是有效防治炭疽病的重要手段。热带牧草柱花草的转录组和代谢组研究表明,苯丙烷代谢通路在响应炭疽菌侵染过程中显著上调。为评价苯丙烷代谢物的抑菌活性,本研究采用体外抑菌试验,测定了13种苯丙烷代谢物对柱花草胶孢炭疽菌、橡胶胶孢炭疽菌、大薯胶孢炭疽菌、芒果胶孢炭疽菌、番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌和橡胶尖孢炭疽菌等6种炭疽菌的菌丝生长抑制作用;进一步测定了活性较好的代谢物及其两两组合对6种炭疽菌菌丝生长和5种炭疽菌孢子萌发的抑制作用。结果表明,13种代谢物对6种炭疽菌的抑制效果不同,在500 μmol/L和1000 μmol/L的浓度下,紫檀芪对6种炭疽菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,高浓度时平均抑制率可达47.47%~80.74%;在1000 μmol/L的浓度下,根皮素和香豆素对6种炭疽菌菌丝生长也有一定的抑制效果,而其他9种代谢物对6种炭疽菌抑制作用较弱或者无明显抑制作用。代谢物两两组合时,含紫檀芪的代谢物组合对6种炭疽菌菌丝生长有显著的抑制作用,平均抑制率为31.07%~89.05%;紫檀芪及含紫檀芪的代谢物组合对5种炭疽菌孢子萌发有显著的抑制作用,对柱花草胶孢炭疽菌、橡胶胶孢炭疽菌、橡胶尖孢炭疽菌、芒果胶孢炭疽菌和番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌毒力最强的代谢物或组合分别为紫檀芪+根皮素、紫檀芪+阿魏酸、紫檀芪+阿魏酸、紫檀芪+根皮素、紫檀芪,IC₅₀值分别为293.475、67.660、184.764、108.671、68.417 μmol/L。本文所发掘的代谢物及其组合可为进一步研究防治炭疽病的绿色农药提供理论基础。