滴灌条件下不同肥料对西瓜品质及产量的影响

在日光温室栽培条件下,以京阑西瓜为试材,利用3种不同滴灌肥和1种冲施肥进行了等值田间对比试验。结果表明,3种滴灌肥处理西瓜平均生长速率、叶面积、可溶性固形物含量和平均产量均高于传统冲施肥处理,且差异显著,但3种滴灌肥之间差异不显著;4种肥料处理667m2西瓜产量分别为3580.2、3846.0、3560.2、2953.5kg。综合考虑西瓜产量和品质,3种专用滴灌肥均比传统冲施肥表现出良好的施肥效果,建议在生产中使用滴灌冲施肥。     

不同新型肥料对设施小果型西瓜产量及品质的影响

为研究适合小果型西瓜生产的新型冲施肥料,应用水肥一体化微喷灌溉,以海藻酸、腐植酸、氨基酸3种冲施肥料与目前西瓜生产上表现较好的圣诞树冲施肥料作对照,综合比较其对小果型西瓜品质及产量的影响,在成本及销售价格相同的条件下进行对比分析,结果表明:腐植酸冲施肥、氨基酸冲施肥与对照圣诞树冲施肥差异不显著;腐植酸冲施肥中心、边缘可溶性固形物分别为12.03%、10.5%,667 m2产量为4 218.08 kg;氨基酸冲施肥中心、边缘可溶性固形物分别为11.47%、10.17%,667 m2产量为3 887.86 kg;2种冲施肥经济效益分别为9 359.241元和8 278.58元;海藻酸冲施肥价格较高,与对照圣诞树冲施肥差异显著。综合分析西瓜长势、抗病性、坐瓜率、中心与边缘可溶性固形物含量、667 m2产量、成本等因素影响,建议广大瓜农应用腐植酸冲施肥和氨基酸冲施肥。     

有机无机肥料对大棚西瓜生长、养分含量及品质的影响

采用等量的氮、磷、钾施用量,研究施用有机肥、无机肥和配施有机无机肥对大棚西瓜生长、叶片养分含量、西瓜产量、果实成分和品质的影响。结果表明,植株生长,功能叶养分含量,西瓜产量,果实性状、各种糖分、有机酸含量及糖酸比在3种施肥处理间均无显著差异,但纯施有机肥的西瓜口感更好。施用有机肥的西瓜肥料成本比常规栽培高,但经济效益好。667m2施用商品有机肥1000kg可以满足西瓜生长发育对矿质养分的需求。     

“3414”肥效试验对西瓜产量的影响及推荐施肥量分析

为了给西瓜生产提供施肥理论依据,采用"3414"肥效试验研究了配方施肥对西瓜产量的影响,以及施用氮磷钾肥的肥料效应。结果表明:与对照相比,各配方施肥处理西瓜的产量均有所提高;其中以N2P2K2处理肥料配施最佳;本试验条件下西瓜667m2最佳经济施肥量为氮(N)18.25kg、磷(P2O5)10.14kg、钾(K2O)13.81kg,667m2最高产量施肥量为氮(N)20.26kg、磷(P2O5)10.86kg、钾(K2O)14.29kg。     

优化施肥配施蚯蚓粪有机肥对嫁接西瓜产量和品质的影响

为探究优化施肥配施蚯蚓粪有机肥替代常规施肥对嫁接西瓜生长的影响,在优化施肥基础上设置4个不同用量蚯蚓粪有机肥处理:Q400、Q500、Q600、Q700(每667 m2施用蚯蚓粪400、500、600、700 kg),以不施肥(CK)和常规施肥(CF)为对照,研究不同施肥处理对嫁接西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与CF相比,优化施肥配施500 kg·667 m-2蚯蚓粪有机肥,可以在不降低西瓜产量的基础上显著改善果实品质,西瓜维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量、糖酸比、中心可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量均显著提升,并显著提高了肥料偏生产力与肥料农学利用率。综合分析认为,Q500处理可代替常规施肥在陕西地区西瓜生产中推广施用。     

环绕滴灌施肥对苹果产量、品质和水分利用的影响

通过2年对果树环绕滴灌施肥与畦田灌冲施肥的效果研究表明,苹果采用环绕滴灌施肥技术具有很大的节水增产潜力,在比畦灌对照节约灌水37%、节约纯养分7%～15%的条件下,产量增加34.1%～45.1%,水分利用效率增加1.2～1.5kg/m3,滴施"圣诞树"水溶肥处理的果实品质明显提高。因此,在果树生产中推荐采用环绕滴灌施肥,萌芽期滴施水溶肥(20-20-20)11kg/667m2、果实膨大前期滴施(19-8-27)20kg/667m2、膨大后期滴施(16-8-34)20kg/667m2,每次灌水30～35m3/667m2,可获较高的产量和水分利用效率。     

不同施肥配方对西瓜产量和品质的影响(摘要)

西瓜产量和品质的形成受多种因素的影响,其中以施肥水平的影响尤为明显。我国南部沿海地区受海洋气候影响,雨季频繁,雨量大,降雨时间长,土壤受淋溶严重,肥料流失快,养分含量少,土壤较贫瘠。瓜农为了提高西瓜产量,盲目追施、滥施化学肥料,加速土壤严重酸化和板结,对西瓜生产的可持续发展带来不良影响。为了解决西瓜生产施肥不当而导致产量和品质下降等问题,设计6种施肥配方,通过田间栽培对比试验,分析比较6种施肥配方对西瓜生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,以每667 m2施120 kg生物有机肥+50 kg复合肥(50%生物有机肥+50%复合肥)混合施肥处理综合效果最好,可作为我国高温多雨的华南地区提高露地西瓜栽培产量和品质的肥料配施方法。     

有机无机肥混施对设施栽培西瓜产量和品质的影响

试验以当地主栽西瓜品种庆发特早红和京欣2号为试材,分析比较了5种施肥方式对西瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,667m2施用正光生态有机肥50kg+硫酸钾型复合肥25kg的处理4西瓜产量最高,667m2产量分别为4517、4620kg,667m2施用正光生态有机肥100kg的处理2中心可溶性固形物含量最高,分别为13.5%和13.8%。     

芭田水溶肥在露地茄子上的应用研究

在露地茄子滴灌条件下,通过对芭田和金土地2种不同水溶肥对茄子生长、产量以及投入产出比情况的影响的研究,提出全生育期追肥7次、苗期每次滴灌施芭田肥3kg/667m2、结果期每次滴灌施芭田肥4kg/667m2的处理适合茄子生长,比常规沟灌冲施尿素对照节水27.4%,增产23.0%,节约纯养分21.9%,水分利用效率提高4.9kg/m3,每667m2节本增收1420元。     

滴灌频率对温室小西瓜生长势、产量及品质的影响

在日光温室栽培条件下研究不同滴灌频率对西瓜长势、产量及品质的影响,以确定温室西瓜种植最佳的滴灌频率和灌溉量。结果表明:不同灌溉频率对西瓜生长过程中叶面积和长势的影响较小。其中在整个果实发育期以每7d灌水1次,共浇灌3次,总灌溉量为65m3的处理效果最佳,667m2西瓜产量3564.6kg,中心可溶性固形物13.62%,是本试验条件下温室栽培小西瓜最优的灌溉频率和灌溉量,不仅小西瓜高产优质,同时又省工省时节水。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.