小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉技术研究

为了完善小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉技术,解决蜜蜂授粉坐果率低的问题,对北京地区小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉技术展开研究。结果表明,小果型西瓜立架栽培授粉时温度达到15℃以上,采用每667 m2两箱6脾蜜蜂授粉效果最佳;改善栽培方式,用增加授粉行、授粉株,种植花朵密、花粉多的品种提高花粉量的方法,可使小果型西瓜坐果率提高27%~31%,667m~2产量增加1 318.19 kg,经济效益提高3 251.93元。采用蜜蜂授粉降低瓜农的劳动强度,降低生产成本,提高坐果率,每667 m~2节省人工授粉费高达840元。填补了北京地区小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉坐果率低的技术空白。     

北京市早春大棚西瓜蜜蜂授粉技术规程要点

为了完善西瓜蜜蜂授粉技术,规范有籽中果型西瓜、地爬小果型西瓜和立架栽培小果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉技术,解决长期以来小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉坐果率低及西瓜在蜜蜂授粉中出现的问题,制定了北京地区西瓜蜜蜂授粉技术规程。规程中对授粉蜂管理者、西瓜蜜蜂授粉使用者提出了详细的要求。从授粉蜜蜂蜂箱的制作、授粉蜂群蜂量标准、蜂箱的摆放、入棚的时间以及瓜农在授粉前的准备、西瓜授粉温湿度的管理、西瓜授粉时间,特别是对小果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉技术作了详细的说明。此操作规程适用于北京地区早春大棚大、中、小果型有籽西瓜蜜蜂授粉,弥补了北京地区西瓜蜜蜂授粉及立架栽培小果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉坐果率低的技术空白。     

北京地区中果型西瓜抗裂品种筛选试验

为了筛选出适宜北京地区种植且不易裂果、耐贮运的中果型西瓜品种,对‘京欣3号’、‘大果抗裂京欣3号’、‘抗裂京欣3号’和‘改良抗裂京欣3号’4个中果型西瓜品种在北京市大兴区庞各庄春大棚进行抗裂性和品质比较试验。结果表明:4个品种的抗病性和坐果率均表现良好,其中‘抗裂京欣3号’综合性状最好,属中早熟脆肉类型品种,全生育和成熟采摘后及运输中均无裂果现象发生,果皮硬度为11.10 kg·cm-2,且中心可溶性固形物含量最高为11.78%,果实发育期最短为为38 d,全生育期最短为123 d,单瓜质量和小区产量均表现较好。其他品种虽各具特色但是抗裂性较差,会对农户造成经济损失,所以向瓜农推荐抗裂性好的品种‘抗裂京欣3号’。     

北京地区小果型西瓜春季大棚栽培品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜北京地区种植的小果型西瓜品种,针对北京地区春大棚小果型西瓜种植现状,对‘传奇’、‘传奇4号’、‘超越梦想’、‘梦想2号’、‘梦想4号’和‘梦想6号’6个小果型西瓜品种进行比较试验。结果表明：6个品种的抗病性和抗逆性均表现良好。‘超越梦想’和‘传奇4号’综合性状表现良好,适宜在北京地区春大棚设施类型种植推广。其中‘超越梦想’属于中晚熟脆肉类型品种,中心可溶性固形物含量最高（12.6%）,果皮硬度最高（42.3 kg·cm-2）,单果质量、小区产量均居第2位;‘传奇4号’属于早熟细肉类型品种,单果质量2.32 kg、小区产量208.8 kg最高,中心可溶性固形物含量居第2位。其次是‘传奇’,该品种属中晚熟脆肉类型品种,品质性状突出,瓤质细脆,汁液含量最多,味甜爽口。其余品种虽各具特色,但因果实生育期偏长,耐裂性差,中心可溶性固形物含量低等原因,不太适宜北京地区春大棚种植。     

北京地区中果型西瓜嫁接砧木筛选试验

中果型西瓜嫁接多采用南瓜砧木,为了比较筛选优良的南瓜砧木品种,提高中果型西瓜嫁接果实综合品质,以常用‘京欣砧2’为对照,对‘新京欣砧8’、‘新京欣砧9’、‘京欣砧8’和‘京欣砧3’4个西瓜砧木嫁接中果型西瓜品种‘改良华欣1号’后的效果进行了对比分析。结果表明,各砧木品种抗病性均较好,‘新京欣砧8’和‘新京欣砧9’综合品质表现突出,能保持接穗品种优良特性。‘新京欣砧8’植株长势稳健,易坐瓜,667 m2产量达到4 922.5kg,高于对照5%,果实纤维细,口感好无异味;‘新京欣砧9’长势中等,果实综合品质仅次于‘新京欣砧8’,坐果性好,667 m2产量达到4 896.7 kg,高于对照4%;其余砧木品种综合表现一般,果实具有异味。因此,推荐瓜农种植中果型西瓜选用‘新京欣砧8’和‘新京欣砧9’。     

河南地区中、小果型西瓜品种比较试验

为了筛选出适合河南地区种植的优良西瓜品种,笔者调查了参试西瓜品种在嫁接成活率、生长势、抗性、果实成熟期、果实形态、产量及果实品质性状等方面的差异。结果显示,小果型西瓜品种‘小玲’‘众天玉’‘早春翠玉’和中果型西瓜品种‘黑美人’综合性状表现突出,品质优,可在河南地区大面积推广种植。中果型西瓜品种‘金美人’‘早春黄冠’‘惠玲’‘丽玲’‘早春艳玉’5个品种和小果型西瓜品种‘众天红’和‘朝霞’2个西瓜品种综合性状较好,生产上具有推广前景。‘宝凤’嫁接成活率较高、瓜皮较薄,但品质一般。     

大棚西瓜蜜蜂授粉效果分析

为推广西瓜蜜蜂授粉技术,降低西瓜生产用工量及成本,本文探讨了在不同类型塑料大棚不同西瓜品种的蜜蜂授粉效果。采用中华蜜蜂对中果型西瓜8424和小果型西瓜小兰进行授粉,以人工授粉和氯吡苯脲(CPPU)处理为对照,分析8424、小兰在不同类型大棚的坐果率、单果重、果皮厚度、可溶性固形物含量等品质指标,并对不同处理成本进行统计。试验结果显示,蜜蜂授粉与CPPU处理相比西瓜产量和品质显著提高,与人工授粉相比用工量显著降低,蜜蜂授粉成本最低。     

中果型西瓜不同授粉方式的效果

为了降低瓜农的劳动强度,研究西瓜不同授粉方式,对地爬中果型西瓜京欣3号蜜蜂授粉、激素授粉和人工对花授粉方式的效果进行比较.结果表明：3种授粉方式的植株长势在整个生育期无明显影响,植株长势良好.蜜蜂授粉的植株坐果率最高为100％;人工授粉方式的植株单瓜质量最高为5.89 kg,但经统计分析在5％水平上无显著差异.在3种不同的授粉方式中,蜜蜂授粉处理西瓜中心可溶性固形物含量最高,达到11.24％;667 m2产量和经济效益也最高,分别为4 231 kg和13 409元,显著高于激素授粉和人工授粉,且蜜蜂授粉西瓜果形周正品质好.综合考虑产量、坐果率和品质等指标,中果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉表现最为优异,蜜蜂授粉绿色环保,大大降低了农户的劳动强度.     

四川西瓜产业发展现状及趋势

<正>1四川西瓜生产情况及主要特点2013年四川省西瓜总体面积稳定保持在4万hm2左右,在瓜类蔬菜中,是仅次于黄瓜的第二大作物,是全省农民增收的重要作物之一。露地栽培中‘京欣’、‘金蜜1号’、‘黑蜜无籽’西瓜是全省主要栽培品种,大棚栽培中‘早佳’(84-24)、‘早春红玉’小果型西瓜仍是全省的主要栽培品种。     

小果型西瓜专用砧木品种‘甬砧5号’的选育

‘甬砧5号’是以自交系‘Z0612-1-1-1-3-2-1’为母本、‘T2002-1-1-1-1-5-4-5’为父本配制而成的葫芦类型西瓜专用砧木一代杂种。该砧木生长势强,根系发达,吸肥力强,茎秆粗壮,不易徒长,与‘拿比特’等小果型西瓜嫁接亲和力好,共生亲和性强,生长势稳健,嫁接西瓜果实品质不变,高抗西瓜枯萎病。‘甬砧5号’适宜小果型西瓜设施嫁接栽培。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.