黄瓜未授粉子房离体培养获得胚囊再生植株

以7种F1代黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)未授粉子房为试材进行再生植株培养,通过石蜡切片观察、激素含量测定探究胚囊再生植株形成过程及相关生理变化。结果表明:在MS+0.06 mg·L^-1 TDZ培养基中有3个供体黄瓜材料未授粉子房获得再生植株,经流式细胞检测、染色体计数、SSR验证分别为单倍体、双单倍体和同源四倍体。MS+0.04 mg·L^-1 TDZ+1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA+12mg·L^-1 AgNO₃培养基中子房产生大量胚状结构,但分化培养后没有获得再生植株。石蜡切片观察到在MS和MS+0.06 mg·L^-1 TDZ培养基中培养5 d和17 d时胚囊已经发育。供体黄瓜子房切片中GA、IAA含量随培养天数增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势,在培养8 d时最低,17 d时GA含量比2 d时更高,IAA含量无明显变化。     

西瓜穴盘育苗播后灌溉施肥技术研究

以西瓜‘中选1号’品种为试材,研究了与播前启动肥配套的播后不同施肥种类、施肥浓度及施肥频率对西瓜幼苗生长发育及壮苗形成的影响,通过测定茎粗度、全株干质量等形态指标及叶绿素含量、根系活力等生理指标,筛选出西瓜穴盘育苗播后灌溉施肥较优处理为:子叶平展至2片真叶平展时12-2-14、20-10-20两种肥料交替使用,施肥浓度为100 mg·kg-1N;2片真叶平展至4片真叶平展时12-2-14、20-10-20两种肥料交替施用,施肥浓度为200 mg·kg-1N;4片真叶平展至6片真叶平展时12-2-14、20-20-20两种肥料交替施用,施肥浓度为300 mg·kg-1N,3个阶段施肥频率均为1次肥、2次水。西瓜幼苗表现为壮苗指数增加、叶绿素含量升高和根系活力增强,分别比其他处理提高了5.14%¹6.83%、2.71%16.83%、2.71%⁶.09%、5.41%6.09%、5.41%¹0.05%。     

气相色谱法测定平菇中16种有机磷农药残留量

建立了平菇中16种有机磷农药残留量的测定方法。平菇中16种有机磷农药残留用乙腈萃取后,采用石英毛细管柱DB-17分离、气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)进行测定。在平菇样品中添加农药浓度为0.1 mg.kg-1～0.2mg.kg-1时,平均回收率为75.2%～105%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～9.9%,检出限为0.004 mg.kg-1～0.03 mg.kg-1,方法具有操作简单、分析速度快、准确度和精密度高等优点。     

紫外可见分光光度法测定白喉乌头中总生物碱的含量

以白喉乌头不同部位为试材，采用无水乙醇超声波法提取乌头碱，利用分光光度计于231 nm波长条件下测定吸收度，计算总生物碱的含量，从而建立不同产地白喉乌头不同部位总生物碱的含量测定方法，以期为乌头的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明：乌头碱在0.000 4～0.002 0 mg·L^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好，回归方程Y=0.179 5X+0.511 72,r=0.999 4,精密度良好，RSD=3.2%（n=3）;样品溶液显色2 h内稳定，RSD=2.14%（n=3）,测定的重现性良好，RSD=1.49%（n=3）;平均加样回收率为99.886%,RSD=1.27%（n=3）,平均含量0.063 7 mg·g^-1,RSD=0.716%（n=3）。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定鲜香菇中25种有机磷类农药残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱测定香菇中25种有机磷农药残留的检测方法。样品用氯化钠、乙腈提取,C18分散固相萃取净化。采用EI源电离多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,基质标准溶液校正,外标法定性、定量。分别讨论了氯化钠加入先后顺序对提取效果的影响和C18的用量对净化效果的影响。结果表明,25种化合物色谱峰分离度高,在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.99),在3个添加水平下的平均回收率为70.7%～116.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.4%～14.0%,方法的定量限为0.002～0.010 mg·kg-1。该方法简单、快速,能保证批量样品连续检测的稳定性,适用于香菇样品中多种有机磷类农药残留的同时检测。     

不同流出率对黄瓜椰糠栽培的影响

为探索玻璃温室椰糠基质栽培条件下灌溉量对黄瓜生长和产量的影响,设置了15%(T1)、20%(T2)、25%(T3)和30%(T4)4个流出率进行试验。结果显示,随着流出率的增加,流出液的EC、p H更接近灌溉液的EC、p H,大量元素和中量元素的含量没有规律性的变化,但钠和氯的含量呈递减趋势;流出率从T1增至T3时,蔓长和叶片数随之增加,其中T3与T1相比分别增加0.45 m和3.0片叶,达5%显著差异水平。超过T3后,T4的蔓长和叶数反而减少;尽管T1的单株产量3.39 kg·株^-1最高,比最低T2和T4的3.16 kg·株^-1高出0.23 kg·株^-1,但没有达到显著差异水平;肥料生产力与流出率呈负相关,T1最高31.47 kg·kg^-1,比最低T4的21.29 kg·kg^-1显著高10.18 kg·kg^-1,超出47.82%。综上所述,当灌溉水中钠离子含量(ρ)不超过60 mg·L^-1时,15%流出率可作为黄瓜椰糠栽培的适宜灌溉...     

海南三七的组织培养和快速繁殖

以海南三七的芽和假茎基部为试材,采用组织培养的方法,研究了不同激素浓度的培养基对芽增殖以及愈伤组织的诱导、增殖和分化的影响,以期为直接和间接植株组培快繁体系的建立提供参考依据。结果表明：在“以芽繁芽”的直接再生体系中,芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1。在以愈伤组织诱导与植株再生的间接再生体系中,假茎基部作为外植体接种在MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L^-1的愈伤诱导培养基上愈伤诱导率最高,40 d后可达78.43%;愈伤增殖最适培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+2,4-D 2.0 mg·L^-1,愈伤分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.6 mg·L^-1,分化率可以达到66.67%;将组培苗移栽至基质中,成活率90%以上。海南三七直接和间接快繁体系的建立,为其工厂化生产、遗传育种及特定药用成...     

分光光度法测定苹果果实总黄酮含量的条件优化

以富士、红星、金冠、国光苹果果实为试材,对分光光度法测定苹果果实总黄酮含量的条件进行了优化。结果表明,标准品以儿茶素为宜;检测波长以500nm为宜;氯化铝、硝酸铝和硫酸铝均可作显色剂;与25℃和40℃相比,4℃下显色更加稳定;显色反应体系中乙醇浓度以8%为宜。在优化后的条件下测定苹果果实总黄酮含量,黄酮浓度在50～300mg·L-1内有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.999以上;儿茶素在果皮中的添加回收率为100.8%～104.9%(添加3804～6410mg·L-1),在果肉中的添加回收率为101.7%～105.0%(添加500mg·kg-1或1000mg·kg-1);方法RSD小于5.0%。     

低温胁迫下没食子酸丙酯对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响

为探究没食子酸丙酯(PG)对低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗抗冷性的影响,以黄瓜津优35为试材,在3叶1心时期,采用1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mmol·L^-1的PG溶液及去离子水(CK)叶面喷施后进行低温胁迫处理,测定黄瓜幼苗生理生化指标,利用平均隶属函数进行抗冷性强弱评价。结果表明,不同浓度外源PG处理均能提高黄瓜幼苗抗冷性,低温胁迫6 d后,2.0 mmol·L^-1PG溶液预处理效果最佳,与CK相比,相对电导率和丙二醛含量分别显著降低43.81%和42.53%,可溶性糖和叶绿素含量分别显著提高40.76%和57.29%,株高显著增高0.58 cm,其平均隶属函数值为0.93。说明2.0 mmol·L^-1的PG预处理对缓解黄瓜幼苗冷害最有效。     

卷丹转基因体系构建及岷江百合LrCCoAOMT的导入

以卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)无菌小鳞片为试材,通过切片处理、优化农杆菌侵染浓度与时间以及重悬液和共培养基成分,构建农杆菌介导的高效遗传转化体系。结果表明,MS+1.5 mg·L^-16-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖是切片芽分化的最佳培养基,添加100 mg·L^-1抗坏血酸能有效抑制褐化并促进不定芽增殖。MS+2.0 mg·L^-1 NAA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖是生根诱导的最佳培养基。抗生素敏感性测试发现,培养基中添加Kan 100 mg·L^-1或Hyg 75 mg·L^-1结合Cef 400 mg·L^-1适宜抗性筛选。GUS染色分析表明,以去除大量元素的改良MS+100μmol·L^-1AS和去除大量元素的改良MS+1.0mg·L^-16-BA+1.0mg·L^-1NAA+100...     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.