北京地区中果型西瓜嫁接砧木筛选试验

中果型西瓜嫁接多采用南瓜砧木,为了比较筛选优良的南瓜砧木品种,提高中果型西瓜嫁接果实综合品质,以常用‘京欣砧2’为对照,对‘新京欣砧8’、‘新京欣砧9’、‘京欣砧8’和‘京欣砧3’4个西瓜砧木嫁接中果型西瓜品种‘改良华欣1号’后的效果进行了对比分析。结果表明,各砧木品种抗病性均较好,‘新京欣砧8’和‘新京欣砧9’综合品质表现突出,能保持接穗品种优良特性。‘新京欣砧8’植株长势稳健,易坐瓜,667 m2产量达到4 922.5kg,高于对照5%,果实纤维细,口感好无异味;‘新京欣砧9’长势中等,果实综合品质仅次于‘新京欣砧8’,坐果性好,667 m2产量达到4 896.7 kg,高于对照4%;其余砧木品种综合表现一般,果实具有异味。因此,推荐瓜农种植中果型西瓜选用‘新京欣砧8’和‘新京欣砧9’。     

不同葫芦嫁接砧木对中果型西瓜品质及产量的影响

为筛选出适合本地区中果型西瓜的葫芦嫁接砧木品种,综合分析了不同嫁接砧木对中果型西瓜品质及产量的影响,本试验以‘航兴6号’西瓜为接穗,选取市场上常见的9个葫芦砧木品种嫁接,考察嫁接后植株成活率、田间长势、抗病性、果实品质、产量及经济效益等指标,结果表明:‘湖北杂4’‘京欣砧1’‘日本PEPO’‘湖北杂3’‘国产PEPO’‘瓠瓜’和‘南砧1号’嫁接亲和力好,抗病性强,嫁接的西瓜中心及边部可溶性固形物含量高,梯度小,纤维少,口感好,经济效益高。‘湖北杂3’嫁接的每667 m2产量5 640.61 kg、经济效益6 523.73元,‘南砧1号’嫁接的中心可溶性固形物含量11.86%,边部可溶性固形物含量8.74%,在9个葫芦砧木中表现较好,适合作为北京地区西瓜葫芦嫁接砧木。     

野生西瓜嫁接对大果型西瓜生长及品质的影响

以野生西瓜1号(绿籽)、野生西瓜2号(红籽)、野生西瓜3号(红籽)为砧木,‘西嫁强生’和‘超丰抗生王’为砧木对照,接穗为‘中科1号’和‘特大新抗9号’,研究野生西瓜对‘中科1号’和‘特大新抗9号’生长及品质的影响。结果表明,‘西嫁强生’砧木增产效果最显著,3个野生西瓜砧木次之,但2者之间差异不显著;3个野生西瓜的中心可溶性固形物含量较高,最高达到11.40%,品质较佳,高出‘西嫁强生’1.00%。‘西嫁强生’、野生西瓜1号、野生西瓜2号和野生西瓜3号均可以作为大果型西瓜的优良砧木。     

基于转录组测序的西瓜果肉硬度相关基因表达分析

以脆肉型‘京欣3号’西瓜和硬肉型‘甜王’西瓜为样品,评价果肉硬度表型差异,并利用转录组测序技术检测2个品种间差异表达基因。结果发现‘,甜王’西瓜品种果肉硬度是‘京欣3号’西瓜的1.9倍,表型与‘京欣3号’西瓜具有显著性差异。转录组测序结果显示,与‘京欣3号’西瓜相比‘,甜王’西瓜样品有5 342个基因差异表达,其中2 360个基因上调表达,2 982个基因下调表达。差异基因主要注释在碳水化合物代谢、信号转导、脂质代谢等途径,其中与果肉硬度变化的候选基因主要包括果胶酯酶、果胶裂合酶、聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶、纤维素合酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、酸性几丁质酶、几丁质酶、木葡聚糖内转葡糖基酶/水解酶和脂氧合酶基因。钙调蛋白、乙烯反应转录因子、乙烯不敏感样蛋白、WRKY转录因子、MYC2转录因子、过氧化氢酶、呼吸爆发氧化酶和脱落酸受体PYR1参与果肉细胞活动信号转导,可能与果肉硬度相关。     

烟台地区大樱桃抗裂品种筛选

对烟台地区的8个樱桃品种进行抗裂果筛选试验,根据成熟期筛选出‘早大果“先锋“拉宾斯’3个抗裂品种.     

不同西瓜品种幼苗期抗旱特性

为了明确参试西瓜材料的抗旱性强弱及抗旱机制,采用盆栽控水试验模拟干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对4个西瓜品种幼苗期的形态、生理特性的影响,利用隶属函数法比较参试材料的抗旱性强弱。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,除‘金城5号’外其他3个品种的MDA含量显著上升。水分亏缺时可溶性糖含量在4个品种中显著增加,其中‘金城5号’的绝对值显著高于其他3个品种;可溶性蛋白在‘甜籽1号‘’金城5号’和‘sweet crimson’中显著上升,在‘京欣二号’中变化不显著。分析渗透调节物的结果表明,在‘甜籽1号’和‘sweet crimson’中,可溶性蛋白是应对干旱胁迫的主要渗透物质‘;京欣二号’中可溶性糖较可溶性蛋白的渗透调节作用要强‘;金城5号’中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白均在渗透调节过程中起作用。水分胁迫下4个品种的光合速率显著下降,胞间CO_2浓度显著上升;除‘金城5号’外,其他3个品种的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和整株生物量显著下降,表明‘甜籽一号‘’京欣二号’和‘sweet crimson’的光合速率随水分亏缺下降的内在原因为非气孔限制‘;金城5号’胞间CO_2浓度的升高和光合速率的下降,是叶肉细胞的光合活性减弱的结果。利用隶属函数法综合比较发现‘,金城5号’的抗旱性强于其他3个品种。     

冷害胁迫对西瓜幼苗生理和结构的影响

以西瓜品种‘京欣一号’和‘特大懒汉王’为试验材料,3叶1心时5℃低温处理0、3、6、9 d,计算西瓜幼苗冷害指数,测定根的干鲜质量和根系活力、叶片的干鲜质量、组织含水量、相对含水量、水分饱和亏及光合色素含量,同时,利用石蜡切片观察叶片的超微结构。结果表明,5℃冷胁迫0~6 d‘特大懒汉王’的冷害耐受性优于‘京欣一号’,9 d时二者的冷害耐受性无明显差别。冷胁迫过程中,‘京欣一号’和‘特大懒汉王’的叶片和根的干鲜质量比均减小,叶片饱和水分亏波动变化,光合色素含量积累减少。‘特大懒汉王’的根总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和根活跃吸收百分比变化都较‘京欣一号’更活跃。冷胁迫使叶片的上表皮和下表皮厚度减小,栅栏组织/海绵组织的值不断减小。     

北京地区小果型西瓜春季大棚栽培品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜北京地区种植的小果型西瓜品种,针对北京地区春大棚小果型西瓜种植现状,对‘传奇’、‘传奇4号’、‘超越梦想’、‘梦想2号’、‘梦想4号’和‘梦想6号’6个小果型西瓜品种进行比较试验。结果表明：6个品种的抗病性和抗逆性均表现良好。‘超越梦想’和‘传奇4号’综合性状表现良好,适宜在北京地区春大棚设施类型种植推广。其中‘超越梦想’属于中晚熟脆肉类型品种,中心可溶性固形物含量最高（12.6%）,果皮硬度最高（42.3 kg·cm-2）,单果质量、小区产量均居第2位;‘传奇4号’属于早熟细肉类型品种,单果质量2.32 kg、小区产量208.8 kg最高,中心可溶性固形物含量居第2位。其次是‘传奇’,该品种属中晚熟脆肉类型品种,品质性状突出,瓤质细脆,汁液含量最多,味甜爽口。其余品种虽各具特色,但因果实生育期偏长,耐裂性差,中心可溶性固形物含量低等原因,不太适宜北京地区春大棚种植。     

设施立架小果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉效果分析

为推广西瓜简约化栽培技术,降低瓜农的劳动强度和成本,探讨了设施立架小果型西瓜的蜜蜂授粉效果。利用意大利蜜蜂为冷棚立架小果型西瓜‘L600’进行授粉,以人工授粉为对照,同时在大棚两边行种植2行地爬中果型西瓜‘京欣3号’,弥补早春小果型西瓜花粉不足;对大棚内地表和植株坐瓜节位处的温、湿度记录观察,同时分析果实品质、投入和产出效果。结果表明,边行种植中果型西瓜‘京欣3号’对蜜蜂授粉具有良好效果;温度、湿度对蜜蜂的传粉活动影响较大,蜜蜂授粉果实品质较优,每667 m2节本增收990元。     

枣抗裂大果型新品种‘曙光5号’和‘曙光6号’的选育

‘曙光5号’和‘曙光6号’是从‘金丝小枣’园群体中选出的枣抗裂大果型新品种,均为大果型,深红色,有光泽,抗裂果。‘曙光5号’单果重12.64 g,可食率95.08%,鲜枣可溶性固形物含量37.7%,总糖含量24.6%,可滴定酸含量0.34%,维生素C含量3 270 mg/kg,制干率54.6%。‘曙光6号’单果重12.25 g,可食率95.13%,鲜枣可溶性固形物含量36.9%,总糖含量25.3%,可滴定酸含量0.32%,维生素C含量3 010 mg/kg,制干率55.1%。在河北省沧州市,这2个品种果实均在9月下旬进入白熟期,10月中旬成熟。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.