化学驱避剂预防牦牛牛皮蝇蛆病的效果观察

试验筛选一种对牦牛牛皮蝇成蝇有较好驱避效果的化学驱避剂,以其散发的气味驱赶牛皮蝇离开牛体,从而阻断牛皮蝇在牛体上产卵,破坏其生活史,达到防治牛皮蝇蛆病的目的。每年夏季在牛皮蝇产蛆季节里,将其佩带在牦牛体上,让药力缓慢释放达2～3个月。牛皮蝇化学驱避剂的使用,提高了牦牛肉、乳和皮的产量和品质。     

一种牦牛蚊蝇驱避剂作用效果观察

[目的]为了观察蚊蝇驱避剂对牦牛体表蚊蝇的趋避效果。[方法]选择10头成年牦牛,分为实验组和对照区,实验组使用驱避剂之后,观察比较牦牛体表蚊蝇数目,实验结束时采集牦牛血清检测谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶水平。[结果]表明,实验组牦牛明显不良反应,体表蚊蝇明显少于对照组,蚊蝇趋避效果作用明显,两组牦牛血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶水平无显著差异。[结论]说明牦牛蚊蝇驱避剂能效趋避蚊蝇,可以推广使用。     

驱避剂驱蝇防腐试验

用驱避剂驱蝇药配制成２０％、１５％、１０％、５％的不同浓度，喷洒在市售的冷冻猪肉上，结果２０％、１５％、１０％３个组可在３８ｄ、５％组可在２０ｄ内有效的预防苍蝇的侵袭，肉质且保持新鲜，未见到腐烂和闻到异味。空白对照组，可见蝇卵，第２ｄ可看到大量的蝇蛆侵害，使肉呈蜂窝样，并有异味。结果表明，该药驱蝇防腐效果显著，能保护肉质不受损害     

依普菌素透皮剂驱杀牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫的效果观察

牦牛牛皮蝇是一种对牦牛生长具有较大危害的寄生虫,且其幼虫具有较高的感染率,对牦牛养殖产业的发展具有严重的影响.对此,做好该疫病的防控十分关键.在本文中,将就依普菌素透皮剂驱杀牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫的效果进行一定的研究.     

依普菌素透皮剂驱杀牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫的效果观察

本试验随机选择20头成年牦牛,分为试验组和对照组,每组10头,使用依普菌素透皮剂驱虫1个月后,观察对牦牛皮肤内牛皮蝇幼虫的驱杀效果。结果表明,试验组牦牛无明显不良反应,牛皮蝇包囊明显少于对照组,皮损面积显著减少,说明依普菌素透皮剂对牦牛皮肤内牛皮蝇幼虫能安全有效驱杀,可以推广使用。     

长效伊利多对牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫驱杀效果试验

本文对长效伊利多对牦牛皮蝇幼虫的驱杀效果进行了试验,结果表明,长效伊利多使用方便、安全、驱杂效果好。     

阿拉纳注射液对牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫驱杀效果试验

用不同剂量的阿拉纳注射液对牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫进行驱杀试验,结果表明,0.2mg/kg体重剂量的驱治效果最好。     

互助地区牦牛牛皮蝇感染情况调查

根据青海省畜牧兽医总站《青海省牛皮蝇感染情况调查及防治效果考核的通知》安排,笔者从2003—2006年4年内在互助县加定镇地区进行了牦牛牛皮蝇感染情况调查,现将结果报告如下。1材料和方法1.1调查对象2003—2006年共抽检互助县加定镇地区牦牛1600头,各年份的具体数据详见表1。     

伊维菌素驱治牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫的效果试验

[目的]牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫病是危害广大牧区牦牛的重要寄生虫之一,严重影响牦牛养殖业的发展。为了寻求一种对牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫驱治效果好的长效、低残留、使用方便的药物。[方法]2018年11月至2019年6月在天祝县毛藏、抓喜秀龙2个乡镇,应用伊维菌素注射液进行牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫驱杀效果试验。[结果]结果表明,长效伊利多使用方便、安全、驱虫效果好。     

倍硫磷浇泼剂驱杀牛皮蝇效果试验及推广报告

试验地位于青海湖东北部同宝牧场，平均海拔3250～3500m，年平均温度-1．05℃，年降水量350mm，全年日照时数2893．5h，属半干旱高原大陆性气候，草场植被以针矛、扁穗冰草、早熟禾、芨芨草、冷蒿草为主。全场共饲养牦牛3961头。     

Efficacy of different dosages of ivermectin injectable against the Hypoderma spp. in yaks

A chemotherapy trial was conducted to determine the lowest dosage of injectable preparation of ivermectin against Hypoderma spp. infestation in yaks in Tibetan areas in Tianzhu county, Gansu province, in northwest of China. One hundred and sixty yaks were randomly divided into four groups of 40 yaks for the trial. The first three groups were treated by subcutaneous injection in the neck with 0.1% ivermectin (respectively, 1, 5, 10 microg/kg body weight). The fourth group was not treated and considered as control group. All the experiments were performed in November 2000 and the animals were examined for the presence of warbles in the next March and May. The results indicated that there was no warbles found on the back of treated animal while third stage larvae were palpated on back of some of the yaks in control group. It is concluded that dosage of 1 microg/kg ivermectin injectable was sufficient to kill or stop development of larvae of Hypoderma spp. in naturally infected yaks if administrated in November.     

Plasma kinetics,excretion in milk of eprinomectin,and its efficacy against Hypoderma spp. following topical administration in yaks

The plasma pharmacokinetics and mammary excretion of eprinomectin were determined in dairy yaks following topical administration at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. The kinetics of plasma and milk concentrations were analyzed using a noncompartmental model. Plasma and milk concentrations of eprinomectin increased to reach maximal concentrations of 5.45 ± 2.84 and 2.29 ± 0.90 ng/mL at a T_max of 1.79 ± 0.57 and 2.00 ± 0.82 days, respectively. The concentration of eprinomectin in plasma was remained >0.5 ng/mL for more than 30 days after administration. The mean residence times of eprinomectin in plasma and milk were 14.73 ± 6.22 and 9.37 ± 2.81 days, respectively. The AUC value in plasma (55.89 ± 18.16 ng day/mL) was threefold greater than that in milk (18.02 ± 6.48 ng day/mL). The AUC milk/plasma ratio was 0.33 ± 0.08. The systemic availability of eprinomectin in yaks was lower than that observed value in other domestic bovines. The low level of eprinomectin excretion in milk suggests that eprinomectin can be used in yaks with zero milk‐withdrawal time. The efficacy of eprinomectin against naturally acquired larvae of Hypoderma spp. was also determined in yaks. Topically administrated eprinomectin at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg was 100% efficacious against larvae of Hypoderma bovis, H. lineatum, and H. sinense.     

Field efficacy of minidosed eprinomectin against Hypoderma spp. in dairy cattle

A chemoprophylactic field trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of pour-on eprinomectin applied at the approximate dose of 50 mcg/kg to dairy cattle with naturally occurring hypodermosis. Two-hundred-eleven cattle, selected from two herds with a high prevalence of Hypoderma spp. infestation, were divided in three groups: Group A (N = 71) was treated with pour-on eprinomectin at the recommended dosage of 500 mcg/kg, Group B (N = 64) at the lower dose of 50 mcg/kg, a third group (Group C, N = 76) served as untreated control group. Treatments were performed in November-December 2002 and the animals were examined for the presence of warbles in the following April and June. No larvae emerged in the treated groups, whereas a variable number of warbles (ranging from 1 to 28) were found in control animals. Adverse reactions were not observed in any animal, and only minor side effects were observed. A larger field trial carried out in the following year (1064 treated and 131 untreated control cattle) confirmed the chemoprophylactic efficacy of minidosed eprinomectin against Hypoderma spp. Administration of eprinomectin minidoses in dairy cattle is interesting because of the low costs involved and no need for milk withdrawal.     

害获灭驱杀牛纹皮蝇幼虫的效果观察

害获灭 (Ivomec)是美国默沙东药厂于 80年代初推出的一种新型的防治家畜寄生虫药物 ,其有效成份是伊维菌素 (Ivermectin)早在国外已多次证明对危害家畜的多种内外寄生虫有着良好的驱杀效果。本次试验的目的是探讨害获灭药物对寄生于牛的皮蝇科的幼虫的杀灭效果。皮蜱科的两种皮蝇 (牛皮蝇和纹皮蝇 )在我区有着程度不同的分布 ,特别我市邵伯、昭关、绿洋、中闸、嘶马、张纲、双沟等沿长江和沿大运河、邵伯河、荇丝河有草滩地区 ,农民习惯放牧地区有着程度不同的分布。所以我们选择了流行广、感染率高、危害严重的邵伯镇作为试点。经鉴定该镇…     

Cytochrome oxidase I gene sequence of Hypoderma sinense infecting yaks in the Qinghai-Tibet high plateau of China

The previous scanning electron microscopy study of the Hypoderma species suggested that Hypoderma sinense Pleske (H. sinense) was different from Hypoderma bovis (H. bovis) and Hypoderma lineatum (H. lineatum). In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequence of H. sinense was compared with those of the other two species. The H. sinense sequence showed only 88.3% homology to H. bovis and 88.5% to H. lineatum. The results of the sequencing analysis confirm that H. sinense is a different species from H. bovis and H. lineatum.     

多拉菌素注射剂对牦牛皮蝇幼虫的驱杀效果试验

多拉菌素(doramectin)又称都林霉素,是一种新型的阿佛曼菌素类药物一阿维菌素(avermectins)的第3代衍生物,其驱虫机理与伊维菌素相同,但抗虫作用强大而持久[1].     

In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic profiles of four polyether ionophores against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp.

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and pharmacodynamic profiles of four ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) against staphylococcal isolates from clinical cases of human and veterinary staphylococcal infections, and to determine the effect of methicillin resistance on the antimicrobial activity of ionophores. Broth microdilution MIC testing was used to determine antimicrobial activity against 156 staphylococcal isolates of human and veterinary origin. Pharmacodynamic profiles were examined using time-kill kinetics profiles against an ATCC type strain of Staphylococcus aureus and a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. All tests were performed in accordance with CLSI guidelines. All four ionophores demonstrated antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci at concentrations similar to those observed for methicillin-susceptible isolates of the same species. Testing of human and veterinary MRSA isolates also showed that MIC values were not influenced by the host origin of the isolates. Pharmacodynamic profiles were similar for both isolates tested across all four ionophores, with similar reductions in viable cell counts being observed over an 18- to 24-hr period. Lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin all demonstrated antimicrobial activity against staphylococcal isolates of human and veterinary origins, with activity being unaffected by methicillin resistance status, although some Staphylococcus species-specific effects were observed that require further investigation.     

In vitro entomopathogenic activity of Beauveria bassiana against Psoroptes spp. (Acari: Psoroptidae)

An indigenous strain (IHEM 18747) of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycetes) was evaluated for its in vitro entomopathogenic activity against the parasitic mite Psoroptes ovis Hering (Acari: Psoroptidae) from rabbits. The following aspects were evaluated: (1) effects of conidial concentration on the viability of adult females; (2) influence of the infection on the fertility, and on the hatchability of eggs; (3) and transmission of infection between mites, and from contaminated surface. Adult females immersed into increasing concentrations of conidia (10(4)-10(9)conidia ml(-1)) showed a dose-related susceptibility. At the highest concentration of conidia, LT50 was 1.6 days while LT50 of the controls reached 5.8 days. The fungus was able to sporulate on the body surface and 100% of the mites were covered with mycelium after immersion in solutions containing 10(7)-10(9)conidia ml(-1). One hundred percent of healthy mites exposed to infected cadavers or surfaces acquired the infection (LT50 reached 1.9 and 1.73 days, respectively, versus 6.1 and 5.1 days in controls, respectively). Egg laying was not reduced by the fungal infection but both the hatchability of the eggs and the life span of the emerging larvae were significantly reduced. Eggs directly infected with the fungus did not show reduced hatchability but the life span of the larvae was shortened. It is concluded that B. bassiana has a high entomopathogenic activity against Psoroptes spp. The in vivo use of this biocontrol agent against Psoroptes spp. in rabbit, sheep and cattle deserves further attention.