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草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源,在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。党的十八大以来,我国将生态文明建设纳入“五位一体”总体布局之中,在草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策,对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义。本研究以甘肃省天祝藏族自治县为例,通过历年统计数据和查阅年鉴等方式获得相关资料,对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行梳理,从补奖政策资金、草地生产力及载畜量、生态效益、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析了政策实施前后变化情况。结果表明:1)两轮补奖政策实施后,天祝县草原生态环境逐步恢复,草地生产力达到2 162.28 kg·hm–2,相比补奖政策实施前提高了45.4%;2)畜牧业生产方式不断转变,理论载畜量增长了42.98万个羊单位,相比补奖政策实施前提高了54.3%;3)农牧民人均收入从补奖政策实施前的4 012元增加到8 265元。遵从“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态发展理念,为进一步加强草地生态恢复,建议:1)在平衡禁牧下农户收入水平和生态补偿资金投入的基础上确定草原补奖补偿标准;2)加快培育现代农业产业,加大产业扶持力度,积极发展特色农牧业;3)建立健全放牧禁牧制度,科学制定草原合理利用计划。 相似文献
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草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源,在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位.党的十八大以来,我国将生态文明建设纳入"五位一体"总体布局之中,在草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策,对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义.本研究以甘肃省天祝藏族自治县为例,通过历年统计数据和查阅年鉴等方式获得相关资料,对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行梳理,从补奖政策资金、草地生产力及载畜量、生态效益、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析了政策实施前后变化情况.结果表明:1)两轮补奖政策实施后,天祝县草原生态环境逐步恢复,草地生产力达到2162.28 kg·hm–2,相比补奖政策实施前提高了45.4%;2)畜牧业生产方式不断转变,理论载畜量增长了42.98万个羊单位,相比补奖政策实施前提高了54.3%;3)农牧民人均收入从补奖政策实施前的4012元增加到8265元.遵从"绿水青山就是金山银山"的生态发展理念,为进一步加强草地生态恢复,建议:1)在平衡禁牧下农户收入水平和生态补偿资金投入的基础上确定草原补奖补偿标准;2)加快培育现代农业产业,加大产业扶持力度,积极发展特色农牧业;3)建立健全放牧禁牧制度,科学制定草原合理利用计划. 相似文献
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两轮草原补奖政策对主要草原牧区省 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(5):90-97
[目的] 解析草原补奖政策对6个主要草原牧区省(区)畜牧业全要素生产率(TFP)的影响,比较分析第一轮与第二轮草原补奖政策的实施效果。[方法] 采用6个主要草原牧区省(区)2007—2018年的畜牧业数据计算其TFP,分析两轮草原补奖政策对6个主要草原牧区省(区)畜牧业TFP的影响;采取双重差分模型评估比较两轮草原补奖政策实施效果。[结果] 草原补奖政策对畜牧业TFP有促进作用,且第一轮草原补奖政策使畜牧业TFP增加了0.101,第二轮草原补奖政策使畜牧业TFP增加了0.137。[结论] 尽管草原补奖政策是通过限制放牧、减少养畜规模实施的,但并没有阻碍畜牧业的发展;第二轮草原补奖政策效果优于第一轮。 相似文献
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在中国政府致力于完善草原生态补奖机制的背景下,如何权衡牧民禁牧减畜与收入减少之间的矛盾,提高牧民对政策的满意度,是完善草原生态补奖政策亟须解决的关键科学问题。第一轮草原生态补偿政策实施期(2011-2015年)已结束,第二期(2016-2020年)已经开始,评估牧民对第一期补偿政策的满意度,对完善第二期草原生态补偿机制具有重要的借鉴意义。本研究以甘南、肃南和天祝500户牧户为调查对象,采用探索性因子分析,选取牧民社会经济特征、牧民对草原生态补奖政策的感知质量和感知价值3个潜变量,构建牧民对草原生态补偿政策满意度结构方程模型。结果显示,牧民受教育水平越高,获得的草原生态补奖额度越高,其对草原生态补奖政策的满意度也越高。牧民生活与放牧地区自然灾害发生情况,以及水质和水量的下降情况从侧面反映该地区草原生态环境情况。因此,本研究从完善牧区教育机制,强化草原生态补奖政策配套措施建设,鼓励牧民对草场进行科学管理等方面提出增强牧民对草原生态补奖政策满意度的建议。 相似文献
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在中国政府致力于完善草原生态补奖机制的背景下,如何权衡牧民禁牧减畜与收入减少之间的矛盾,提高牧民对政策的满意度,是完善草原生态补奖政策亟须解决的关键科学问题。第一轮草原生态补偿政策实施期(2011-2015年)已结束,第二期(2016-2020年)已经开始,评估牧民对第一期补偿政策的满意度,对完善第二期草原生态补偿机制具有重要的借鉴意义。本研究以甘南、肃南和天祝500户牧户为调查对象,采用探索性因子分析,选取牧民社会经济特征、牧民对草原生态补奖政策的感知质量和感知价值3个潜变量,构建牧民对草原生态补偿政策满意度结构方程模型。结果显示,牧民受教育水平越高,获得的草原生态补奖额度越高,其对草原生态补奖政策的满意度也越高。牧民生活与放牧地区自然灾害发生情况,以及水质和水量的下降情况从侧面反映该地区草原生态环境情况。因此,本研究从完善牧区教育机制,强化草原生态补奖政策配套措施建设,鼓励牧民对草场进行科学管理等方面提出增强牧民对草原生态补奖政策满意度的建议。 相似文献
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2010年10月,国家决定在乌兰察布市草原牧区实施草原生态保护补助奖励机制项目政策,主要用于对草原禁牧补助、草畜平衡奖励、牧草良种补助和牧户生产性补助等。这是国家做出的又一保护草原生态的重大战略决策,也是广大农牧民期盼已久的惠民工程。本文就草原生态补奖机制在乌兰察布市实施后的效果进行阐述。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献