兽药残留监控体系建设必要性的探讨

动物性食品中毒药残留问题越来越受到关注，它已对人们的健康及我国畜牧业的发展造成了危害。本文对兽药残留形成的原因、建立完善的兽药残留监控体系的必要性、可行性、和采取的措施等问题进行了探讨。     

影响畜产品质量安全的主要因素及监管对策

1影响畜产品质量安全的因素1.1滥用或非法使用兽药及违禁药品,使动物性食品中兽药残留超标。近十年来,随着畜牧业规模化、商业化的发展,兽药及饲料添加剂在畜牧业生产中得到了广泛运用,它能降低动物死亡率,缩短动物饲养周期,促进动物性产品产量的增长和动物性集约化养殖的发展。但由于不当或非法使用药物(如随便加大剂量、     

三峡库区消落带现状与对策研究

芦苇不但有很高的经济价值,在环境保护方面也具有广阔的应用前景.本文通过分析三峡库区消落带的生态环境问题,预测了芦苇在库区的应用前景,即可防止水土流失、水体富营养化、重金属污染、固体废弃物污染、垃圾渗漏液污染和藻类爆发等问题。同时,合理利用芦苇资源还可增加库区人们的经济收入,加快库区农村的经济建设步伐。     

我国食品企业推行HACCP体系的现状与对策

HACCP体系是一种世界上广泛认同的食品安全控制体系。介绍了HACCP体系在我国食品企业中推行的现状,并对其中存在的主要问题进行了分析,提出在企业中推广HACCP体系的有效对策。     

动物性食品中兽药残留的危害与防治措施

动物性食品中的兽药残留不但影响动物性食品的安全性,而且还危害人体健康。分析了引起动物性食品中兽药残留的原因及其危害,提出了控制动物性食品中兽药残留的措施与建议。     

微流控芯片在农产品安全检测中的应用

近年来,随着食品工业的迅猛发展,国内外食品安全事故也频繁发生。开发安全可靠、便携有效的检测方法对食品安全至关重要。微流控芯片集样品前处理、分离和检测等过程为一体,实现了样品前处理和检测分析的自动化、集成化、小型化、低消耗、高效率和便携化,满足了现场、实时检测的需求。本研究对微流控芯片在食品成分、农药残留、兽药残留、食品添加剂和重金属检测中的应用进行归纳总结,为农产品安全检测提供参考。     

非点源污染河流水环境容量研究

为探索适合非点源污染河流水环境容量计算的模型,为水环境容量的合理利用提供科学依据,针对中国东部地区典型河流-曹娥江的污染情况,选其上游以非点源污染为主的支流进行了水环境容量研究。根据该河段的水流特性和水文、污染源的调查资料及水质实测资料,选用适当的数学模型,研究了该河段各月的水环境容量。结果表明这种方法简单、实用,适用于非点源情形下河流氨氮、总磷及CODcr的容量问题研究。     

干旱灌溉农区蔬菜农药残留特点与控制对策

采用随机抽样的方法,于2008年每季度采集武威市蔬菜生产基地蔬菜,共150份样本,采用气相色谱法测定其中18种有机磷、13种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留。结果表明,禁用、限用农药甲胺磷、甲拌磷、六六六、DDT是影响本地区蔬菜质量安全的主要因素,辛硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷等允许使用农药在露地蔬菜上风险较大,毒死蜱在茎类和叶菜类蔬菜中存在潜在风险。     

乌鲁木齐市土壤污染现状与防治对策

乌鲁木齐市土壤环境状况总体不容乐观,针对乌鲁木齐市土壤污染日益严重的状况,提出了土壤污染的防治措施,对已经污染的土壤采取有效措施加以修复、改良,同时进一步加强土壤污染综合防治与环境管理。     

农药残留对农产品的污染及控制对策

农药的大量使用提高了农业生产水平,但是过多使用会造成农药污染。分析了农药残留的现状和检测技术,并提出了控制农药残留的对策。     

Study on Adsorption of Suspended Sediments to Phosphate in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Suspended sediments play an important role in the transformation process of pollutants in rivers.The adsorption characteristic of suspended sediments in Three Gorges Reservoir Area to phosphate was studied in this paper.Based on the indoor adsorption balancing experiment and kinetic modeling experiment,the main factors for adsorption process of sediments(particle size of sediment,initial concentration etc.) were discussed.The major results of the experiment were as follows:(1) Three kinds of suspended sediments with different particle sizes were used for the study of adsorption characteristic with different sediment concentration.The amount of phosphate adsorption increased with the increase of the sediment concentration and sediment particle size.(2) With the help of Langmuir isotherm theory,the related parameters in kinetic model were estimated,the experiment results indicated that the adsorption isotherm of phosphate in Three Gorges Reservoir Area fitted with the fifth type of Langmuir adsorption isotherm,the maximum amount of phosphate adsorption would emerge when the phosphate concentration was relatively high,but it would move down when the phosphate concentration increased afterwards.(3) Phosphate adsorption increased with the increase of initial phosphate concentration,the average time for adsorption balance was 2-4 hours.     

Analytical and Calculative Method of Stability of MingShan Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

After the dam of the Three Gorges is built, the raising water will inevitably cause the revival of the part of ancient landslide and the generation of new landslide ,which will influence the town development and traffic safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In the light of the specific conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, this paper, taking Fengdu's MingShan landslide in Chongqing for an example, has considered ten typical calculative projects, offered the correspondent load systems acting on the sliding mass and put forward the analytical and calculative method to evaluate the stability of a landslide. The ten typical calculative projects include dry season(natural state), raining season (rainstorm or rain for a long period of time), dry season and water level (175m ) of the reservoir, raining season and water level (175 m) of the reservoir, dry season and earthquake, raining season and earthquake, dry season and water level (175 m ) of the reservoir and earthquake, raining season and water level (175 m) of the reservoir and earthquake, dry season and water level lowered from 175 m to 145 m, raining seasons and water level lowered from 175 m to 145 m, and so on.     

三峡库区农业资源持续高效利用模式研究

针对三峡库区资源环境和农业生产现状及存在问题,探讨了农业资源持续高效利用的主要生产模式,即:种—养—加—销一体化模式、农林牧复合模式、农林复合模式、种—养立体农业模式和庭院高效生态农业模式等,并结合典型案例进行分析。此外,提出了实现农业资源持续高效利用的建议和对策。     

Nonlinear Science and Control about the Geological Hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Such the geological hazards as landslide, rockfall, debris-flow and so on frequently occur in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, so it is a very practical and immediate job to explore the mechanism caused the geological hazards and how to forecast and control the geological hazards. For this reason, this paper introduces the situation of the geological hazards occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the major type and feature of the geological hazards occurred in Chongqing, and discusses the basic principle about the modern nonlinear science applied to the geological hazards and the creep-slip, stick-slip occurred on the joints of rock mass and the monitoring technology of the geological hazards.The basic thinking is put forward which can be applied the modern nonlinear science to the geological hazards occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.     

三峡库区肉羊屠宰加工企业HACCP管理模式的建立

作为控制食品安全的一种手段,很多国家和地区已经实施了HACCP体系,对羊肉生产过程中的各个环节可能存在的潜在危害进行了生物的、化学的、物理的分析,根据HACCP原理确定相应的关键控制点(CCP)和关键限值,并制定了相应的预防措施,建立了监控方法,将生产过程中的危害因素降低到最低程度,从而最大限度提高羊肉的食用安全性,旨在促进库区肉羊屠宰加工产业的发展。     

Geological Disasters and Their Damage in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

In this paper, the possible geological disasters in Three Gorges Reservoir Area are reviewed. Firstly, the types of geological disasters are classified and their influencing factors and growth characteristics are analyzed, then the damages, which have happened in this area up to now, are listed. On this basis, five aspects of dangers brought by geological disasters to society and economic environment are analyzed. Finally, a conclusion was drawn that the geological disasters in Three Gorges Reservoir Area have done some harms to this area and the situation becomes worse than before. So some reasonable measures should be taken quickly.     

区域城市化阶段划分与粮食播种面积变化

为了明确三峡库区（重庆段）各区（县）城市化阶段与粮食播种面积变化驱动力分区,并明确对应城市化阶段与粮食播种面积变化驱动力分区之间的关系,笔者运用了统计分析法、层次分析法、模糊综合评价法进行研究。研究结果表明：（1）研究区城市化率增长速度快,根据城市化率确定了不同时期各区（县）所处的城市化阶段;（2）粮食播种面积总体上呈现下降趋势与“适度增加—急剧减少—小幅增加—小幅减少”的状态,并且区（县）差异明显;（3）粮食播种面积驱动力空间分区可分为最优型经济福利—生态安全驱动区、最优型经济福利—粮食安全驱动区、生存型经济福利—粮食安全驱动区;（4）确定了研究区城市化阶段与粮食播种面积变化驱动力分区的对应关系。此项研究有利于缓和粮食安全保障与经济发展的矛盾,也可为研究区制定差异化的粮食安全保障措施提供参考。     

Research on Development of Lateral Aviation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Yangtze River

There is a promising future for lateral aviation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Yangtze River because of the abundant natural and cultural tourism resources.The advantage of the lateral aviation is its low investment,convenience,speed,and wide service area.It is an important factor for the future development of tourism in cities in this area.This paper analyzes the realities and problems facing lateral aviation in this area and suggests some countermeasures and planning suggestions for lateral aviation development.     

Study on Treatment and Utilization of Industrial Solid Wastes after Completion of Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River

After completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River, protecting and improving the ecological environment of this area is becoming increasingly important factor in comprehensive progress of the economy and society of Chongqing City. The industrial solid wastes are one of the crucial factors influencing the environment quality of Three Gorges Area and they are also the hot and difficult problems influencing the development of economy and society of Chongqing City. At this point, firstly, the discharge, present situation, prospect and development of treatment and utilization of industrial wastes in Chongqing are summarized. Secondly, the experience at home and abroad are analyzed. Then, the way and foreground for recycling the wastes with new technology are also discussed. Finally, countermeasure for treatment and utilization of industrial solid wastes after completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River is brought up. The study on treatment and utilization technology of industrial solid wastes will be beneficial not only to the protection of ecological environment of Three Gorges Area, but to the development of new Chongqing City as well. In a word, it will have great environmental, social and economic benefits.     

基于参与性调查的农业结构调整中小农户种植行为的选择与调控

400715 重庆市北碚区西南农业大学资源环境学院,