桑蚕氟化物污染规律及防治方法

桑蚕氟化物污染规律及防治方法余杭市特产总站张锡范，吴旦仙，金启明关于桑蚕氟化物污染危害及其防治，我们曾于１９８８年总结了余杭市受污染损失的经验教训，提出了五条综合防治措施。经过七年再实践，由于较好地执行了农业技术防治，又不断总结完善具体措施，七年来均...     

家蚕氟化物中毒与防治

蚕桑生产是我省的一项传统产业,历史悠久.近年来,随着我省经济的快速发展,我省蚕桑生产基本上向经济欠发达的偏远农村转移.但这些蚕区多是发展砖瓦厂的好地方,砖瓦窑排放大量氟化物气体和尘氟,日益污染着大气环境,家蚕氟化物中毒日趋严重,在砖瓦窑密集蚕区,区域性氟化物中毒时有发生,给蚕农造成了严重的经济损失,极大地挫伤了蚕农种桑养蚕的积极性.针对我省家蚕氟化物中毒现状,笔者认为,了解中毒途径和氟化物对家蚕的毒性,掌握中毒症状和中毒机理,总结分析影响中毒的主要因素,制定相应的防治措施,可以有效地防止和减轻家蚕氟化物中毒的发生.     

蚕桑氟化物中毒研究及防治进展综述

本综述了蚕桑氟化物中毒的危害、研究及防治概况。     

浅谈厂矿区家蚕氟化物中毒及预防

我场地处城郊 ,主要桑园邻近县城 ,随着近几年来广丰经济的快速发展 ,城市建设日益扩大 ,各类厂矿如雨后春笋 ,仅我场桑园周围 1公里以内就有 :广丰卷烟厂 ,四个大型砖窑厂 ,二个塑料厂和几十个家庭小厂。晴朗的日子 ,整片桑园被工厂排出的废气笼罩 ,污染一目了然。1 995年、1 998年我场二次送桑叶样本到浙农大蚕学系进行电极检测 ,氟化物含量高达 60～ 1 4 0ｍｇ ｋｇ,大大超出了蚕体中毒临界度 30ｍｇ ｋｇ,可见这些年来 ,我场养蚕一直受氟污染围绕 ,失败居多 ,但也从中吸取了部分经验教训。现根据我场多年生产实践 ,并结合笔者的一些体会…     

家蚕细菌性中毒对茧质的影响及其发病规律的再探讨

家蚕细菌性中毒病即卒倒病,从发现至今已有近100年历史,由于以前国内发病很少,故缺乏对该病的深入研究。70年代中后期曾在广东珠江三角洲发生大流行,造成巨大损失,曾引起各级领导及科技人员重视,进行了不少研究报道,并初     

“蚕桑乐”对防治家蚕杀虫双、氟化物微量中毒的效果

淳安县汾口片集两乡两镇为一体,是淳安县蚕桑生产的老区,具有悠久的栽桑养蚕历史.年饲养量最高峰时曾达到25,830张,产茧量达907.8吨,其中汾口镇饲养量曾达15,162张,产茧量达522吨,荣获杭州市蚕茧产量超万担乡镇的光荣称号.     

中秋蚕不结茧发生的原因及防治对策

<正>中秋蚕不结茧发生率在海盐县居高不下,严重影响了蚕茧产量。全县中秋蚕受不结茧蚕的影响,从1999年的26.1kg/盒,到2003年的26.61kg/盒,产量一直较低。2004年中秋蚕饲养蚕种45798.25盒,收购蚕茧1350t,盒种收茧29.47kg,仍处于较低水平。从各乡镇生产情况看,5龄以前生长发育都较正常,但上蔟以后各乡镇不同程度地发生熟蚕上山后不结茧的现象,个别村发生面相当广,超过50%,严重的蚕农甚至颗粒无收,严重影响了当地蚕农的养蚕积极性。为此,笔者根据生产调查情况,对发生原因进行了分析,并对防治对策提出一些粗浅看法,与大家一起探讨。     

不结茧蚕发生原因及防治技术初探

1987年早秋蚕期,我县重点蚕区发生了较大面积不结茧蚕,受影响蚕种占该期饲养量的82.6％,全县盒种产茧仅16.4kg。在明确症状发生规律、致害原因的前提下,我们采取了“预防为主综合治理”技术,取得较好效果。1988年早秋期与上年同期对比不结茧蚕下降率92.5％,发生面缩小达95.5％,盒产和总产均比上年同期增3成以上。一、致害原因剖析 1.微量农药中毒不结茧蚕的症状与农药试验杀虫双中毒基本类同。随着柑桔、小水果等园艺作物的     

宠物犬洋葱中毒病例的诊疗

2009年1月10日上午．江苏省扬州市动物门诊部接诊了1例狮子犬洋葱中毒病例，经及时治疗，获得良好效果，现报告如下。     

Feed preferences and habituation of sheep poisoned by locoweed

Livestock addiction to locoweed is commonly cited as a clinical sign of locoweed poisoning. However, there have been no physiological or pathological explanations for the reported addiction. Four hypotheses were tested to evaluate locoweed's (Astragalus lentiginosus) addictive nature: 1) animals become psychologically addicted to locoweed; 2) animals have an innate preference for locoweed; 3) animals become habituated to locoweed in the sense of acquiring an acceptance or liking for it; and 4) intoxicated animals lose the ability to discriminate between feeds and eat whatever is present. Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate these hypotheses. In 1987, 20 ewes were fed a pelleted basal feed consisting of alfalfa with 20% locoweed to induce locoweed poisoning. Five control ewes were fed pelleted alfalfa. In 1988, seven ewes were fed a basal feed consisting of alfalfa and 15% locoweed, and five control ewes were fed pelleted alfalfa. At 2- to 3-wk intervals, ewes from both trials were placed on cafeteria trials and offered a choice of four feeds (100% locoweed pellets, 15% or 20% locoweed pellets, mixed grain pellets and alfalfa pellets) to evaluate their preferences at increasing levels of intoxication. Sheep did not seek out locoweed, which would have indicated a psychological addiction. Locoweed was not innately palatable to sheep. One ewe habituated to 100% locoweed and two ewes habituated to the 15% locoweed diet. The rest of the ewes rejected the 100% locoweed pellets and the 15% or 20% locoweed basal feed when the choice of feeds was offered, even though they were severely intoxicated. Sheep show neither initial preference nor addiction to locoweed but may acquire preference (habituation).     

牛亚硝酸盐中毒

1、病因 在短时间内采食了大量含硝酸盐的饲料，在瘤胃内微生物的作用下，硝酸盐产生大量的亚硝酸盐，这些亚硝酸盐被胃壁吸收后，作用于红细胞的血红蛋白生成大量的高铁血红蛋白。由于高铁血红蛋白与氧气结合很牢固，血红蛋白失去了携氧运送的功能，导致组织急性缺氧，使病牛出现严重的呼吸困难症状，在短期内迅速死亡。     

马里努阿犬 伊维菌素和硫酸阿托品中毒的救治1例

伊维菌素注射液为高效驱虫药，是目前最优良、应用最广泛的一类新型广谱、高效、安全和用量小的理想抗内外寄生虫药，但对纯血统的马里努阿犬注射用药过量有很强的毒副作用。硫酸阿托品注射液，辅料为：氯化钠、注射液用水，适应治疗各种内脏绞痛等。我队曾有一头纯种马里努阿犬因体外螨虫被当地一兽医使用伊维菌素注射液和阿托品注射液皮下、肌肉注射中毒。     

高氟饲料引起鸭中毒

氟是动物机体生命活动所必需的微量元素。少量的氟在机体内可直接参与骨骼代谢 ,提高骨骼硬度 ,保证骨骼正常生长。此外 ,少量的氟对动物生长繁殖、脂肪代谢及多种酶的活性都有一定影响作用。但氟在机体内蓄积到一定程度即可引起中毒。磷酸盐矿石中含氟量较高 ,故用作饲料钙磷补充剂的磷酸氢钙必须有脱氟工艺 ,若不经脱氟工艺或加工过程脱氟不当 ,都会导致磷酸氢钙氟含量超标（２０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ） ,从而导致鸭中毒。１９９８年４月邢台某饲料厂 ,因购入不合格磷酸氢钙做饲料钙磷补充剂 ,导致周围２８户饲养的８７３０只鸭发生不同程度的氟…     

自由裁量权在动物防疫行政处罚中出现的问题及对策

自由裁量权是一个法理上的概念,是指行政主体在法律规定的范围和幅度内,基于法律规定的目的和宗旨,自主寻求判断事实与法律的最佳结合点,并据此做出或不做出具体行政行为的权力,它具有法定性、自主选择性、相对性等特点。自由裁量权是现代行政权的核心,是行政权力扩张的表现。行政处罚作为行政法中一种最严厉的制裁性行政行为,其自由裁量权若被滥用必将严重影响我国的法制建设。根据行政法治的要求,必须对行政自由裁量权加以一定的控制。     

The emergence of parvoviruses of carnivores

The emergence of canine parvovirus (CPV) represents a well-documented example highlighting the emergence of a new virus through cross-species transmission. CPV emerged in the mid-1970s as a new pathogen of dogs and has since become endemic in the global dog population. Despite widespread vaccination, CPV has remained a widespread disease of dogs, and new genetic and antigenic variants have arisen and sometimes reached high frequency in certain geographic regions or throughout the world. Here we review our understanding of this emergence event and contrast it to what is known about the emergence of a disease in mink caused by mink enteritis virus (MEV). In addition, we summarize the evolution of CPV over the past 30 years in the global dog population, and describe the epidemiology of contemporary parvovirus infections of dogs and cats. CPV represents a valuable model for understanding disease emergence through cross-species transmission, while MEV provides an interesting comparison.