Centrifugal arousal in the olfactory bulb

The electrical activity of the olfactory bulb was recorded in awake, unrestrained cats with electrodes permanently implanted. It was found that any kind of sensory stimulation producing alertness or arousal brought about the appearance of bursts of rhythmic activity, the magnitude of which was related to the degree of alertness of the cat.     

雄激素对大鼠嗅球中AR和NGF蛋白表达的影响

利用免疫组化SP法,检测了去势及去势后补充雄激素大鼠嗅球中雄激素受体(A ndrogen recep-tors,AR)和神经生长因子(N erve grow th factor,NGF)蛋白的表达情况,探讨了雄激素对嗅球的作用机制。结果表明,睾丸摘除组大鼠嗅球内AR与NGF蛋白的表达显著减少;睾丸摘除并用睾酮替代组大鼠嗅球内2种蛋白的表达接近正常水平。说明去睾丸大鼠由于缺乏内源性雄激素,会引起嗅球内AR和NGF蛋白表达减少,而补充外源性雄激素可缓解或抑制这一变化。     

Encoding pheromonal signals in the accessory olfactory bulb of behaving mice

Many mammalian species rely on pheromones-semiochemicals produced by other members of the same species-to communicate social status and reproductive readiness. To assess how the central nervous system integrates the complex repertoire of pheromones, we recorded from single neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb, a nucleus that processes pheromonal signals, of male mice engaged in natural behaviors. Neuronal firing was robustly modulated by physical contact with male and female conspecifics, with individual neurons activated selectively by specific combinations of the sex and strain of conspecifics. We infer that mammals encode social and reproductive information by integrating vomeronasal sensory activity specific to sex and genetic makeup.     

Human neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb via a lateral ventricular extension

The rostral migratory stream (RMS) is the main pathway by which newly born subventricular zone cells reach the olfactory bulb (OB) in rodents. However, the RMS in the adult human brain has been elusive. We demonstrate the presence of a human RMS, which is unexpectedly organized around a lateral ventricular extension reaching the OB, and illustrate the neuroblasts in it. The RMS ensheathing the lateral olfactory ventricular extension, as seen by magnetic resonance imaging, cell-specific markers, and electron microscopy, contains progenitor cells with migratory characteristics and cells that incorporate 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and become mature neurons in the OB.     

Response of olfactory bulb neurons to x-rays as a function of nasal oxygen concentration

Responses of single olfactory bulb neurons in rats to x-irradiation of the head were examined during the perfusion through the nasal cavities of gas containing various concentrations of oxygen. Response to x-ray was unchanged with oxygen concentrations of from 100 percent down to about 5 percent. Progressively larger response decrements were observed with oxygen concentrations of 2 percent and less.     

Comment on "Human neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb via a lateral ventricular extension"

Curtis et al. (Research Articles, 2 March 2007, p. 1243) claimed discovery of a human neuronal migratory stream to the olfactory bulb along a putative lateral ventricular extension. However, high levels of proliferation reported with proliferating cell nuclear antigen were not confirmed using different markers, neuronal chain migration was not demonstrated, and no serial reconstruction shows a true ventricular extension.     

The role of Drosophila mushroom body signaling in olfactory memory

The mushroom bodies of the Drosophila brain are important for olfactory learning and memory. To investigate the requirement for mushroom body signaling during the different phases of memory processing, we transiently inactivated neurotransmission through this region of the brain by expressing a temperature-sensitive allele of the shibire dynamin guanosine triphosphatase, which is required for synaptic transmission. Inactivation of mushroom body signaling through alpha/beta neurons during different phases of memory processing revealed a requirement for mushroom body signaling during memory retrieval, but not during acquisition or consolidation.     

洋葱鳞茎紧实度遗传分析

以7个品种(系)为材料,按Griffing(Ⅳ)方法双列杂交配制组合21个,对洋葱鳞茎紧实度的杂种优势和遗传参数进行分析估算。试验结果表明,鳞茎紧实度大多表现为负向的杂种优势,其遗传符合加性——显性模型,但显性作用更重要,显性方向指向减效,由寡基因控制,狭义遗传力为15％。     

Olfactory bulb response of rabbit

An approach to understanding the properties of dendrites is to record the response of the olfactory bulb where the dendrites of mitral cells form the glomeruli. After the stimulations of the bulb and nasal mucosa, the responses appear different, but they are fundamentally composed of three successive potentials, suggesting that the last one is the action potential of glomerular dendrites.     

不同类型复合肥对郁金香种球复壮的影响

为研究均肥、高氮肥、高磷肥、高钾肥对郁金香种球生长的影响,选择4个郁金香品种Ad Rem、World Favourite、Parade、Golden Parade在连云港进行了复壮栽培试验.结果表明,不同类型复合肥延长了郁金香叶片生长时间,以高氮肥效果最好;提高了种球成球率,表现为高磷肥>均肥>高钾肥>高氮肥.高磷肥对郁金香种球复壮生长的促进作用极显著高于对照和其他3个处理.4个品种在试验中表现不尽相同,高磷肥处理下,商品种球(周径≥10 cm)成球率较高,Ad Rem、World Favourite、Parade、Golden Parade的成球率分别为78%、82%、88%、87%.因此,试验所选4个品种均适合在连云港进行复壮栽培,栽培时建议在叶芽萌动期追施高磷肥,提高种球成球率和种球品质.     

Temperature Dependence of the Superconducting Gap Anisotropy in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x

Detailed data on the momentum-resolved temperature dependence of the superconducting gap of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+x) are presented, complemented by similar data on the intensity of the photoemission superconducting condensate spectral area. The gap anisotropy between the Gamma-Mand Gamma-X directions increases markedly with increasing temperature, contrary to what happens for conventional anisotropic-gap superconductors, such as lead. Specifically, the size of the superconducting gap along the Gamma-X direction decreases to values indistinguishable from zero at temperatures for which the gap retains virtually full value along the Gamma-M direction. These data rule out the simplest type of d-wave order parameter.     

秦岭百合繁育基地的选择研究

在秦岭的五个地区,对亚洲百合种球繁育表现进行了试验比较研究。对不同地区的种球膨大系数、子球增殖率、根系质量等特性进行了综合比较。结果表明,亚洲百合在秦岭进行繁育必须对具体地区进行严格的筛选。研究认为,位于汉中市的桑园坝产区可以作为亚洲百合在秦岭山区的理想繁育基地之一     

大蒜联合收获机田间作业性能测试

针对自行开发研制的自走式大蒜联合收获机进行田间作业性能试验,测试在不同作业条件下其扶禾装置及对齐切秧装置的作业效果。并通过对不同作业速度时该机的损失率、伤蒜率、清土率、生产率等主要性能指标的测试,考核该机的田间作业性能,分析影响其作业性能的主要原因及解决办法,为机具的进一步优化设计与改进提供参考。     

百合试管鳞茎诱导技术研究

通过对百合试管鳞茎诱导的系统研究,建立高效稳定的百合鳞茎诱导体系。以百合鳞片为外植体,分析不同因素对百合鳞茎诱导的难易及快慢程度。结果表明,MS,1/2MS,B5和N6作为基本培养基均能诱导形成小鳞茎,但MS较其他3种更适合诱导鳞茎的形成,且数量多。试验还表明,以不同部位鳞片作外植体,其内层鳞片诱导率最高;NAA浓度为0.5 mg·L-1且6-BA 浓度为1.0 mg·L-1时鳞茎诱导率最高,达78%;同时,百合鳞茎诱导率还受培养时间、不同糖源种类和浓度的影响,培养时间越长诱导率越高,添加30 g·L-1蔗糖诱导效果佳。     

郁金香种球腐烂病的病原鉴定

1999—2001年连续3年从杭州市太子湾公园种植的腐烂郁金香种球上分离到木霉菌株(Trichoderma sp.)，经柯赫氏法则验证。确定为引起郁金香种球腐烂的病原菌。经形态特征观察。鉴定为Trichoderma virens。其菌丝生长的最适温度为25—30℃，最适pH值为5．0～6．0。适在PDA培养基上生长。农药咪鲜胺。绿亨2号，多菌灵和福星对该病原菌有较好的抑制作用。     

不同类型日粮对泌乳奶牛乳腺组织胰岛素通路及JAK2-STAT信号通路影响

研究不同类型日粮对奶牛血清激素、乳腺激素受体及其下游相关基因影响.试验选用10头健康泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成2组,分别饲喂不同类型粗饲料日粮,根据粗饲料来源不同,分为单一秸秆型(CS组)与苜蓿、青贮型(MF组).试验预饲期2周,正饲期4周.于正饲期最后1d清晨采集乳静脉血液以及乳腺组织样本.正饲期最后3d记录产奶量,并按早晚4:6比例采集奶样,使用乳成分分析仪测定乳蛋白.采用ELISA(酶联免疫吸附试验)方法和放射性免疫法(RIA)测定血清胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、生长激素、催乳素和雌二醇等激素含量,采用qRT-PCR方法测定乳腺相关激素受体及胰岛素下游通路相关基因mRNA表达丰度.结果表明,MF组奶牛血清中胰岛素和脂联素含量显著高于CS组(P＜o.05),其他激素含量并没有显著差异.MF组奶牛乳腺组织中INSR、PRLR、CSF2RB受体,IRS1、IRS4、S6K、JAK2基因mRNA表达量较CS组显著上调(P＜0.05).结果表明,饲喂苜蓿青贮粗饲料型日粮能提高血清中胰岛素和脂联素浓度,并能激活奶牛乳腺胰岛素信号通路与JAK2-STAT通路中部分重要基因表达,从而提高奶牛对饲料利用、促进脂代谢与蛋白质合成,对提高奶牛乳蛋白产量有重要意义.     

Detection of near-atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by an olfactory subsystem in the mouse

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important environmental cue for many organisms but is odorless to humans. It remains unclear whether the mammalian olfactory system can detect CO2 at concentrations around the average atmospheric level (0.038%). We demonstrated the expression of carbonic anhydrase type II (CAII), an enzyme that catabolizes CO2, in a subset of mouse olfactory neurons that express guanylyl cyclase D (GC-D+ neurons) and project axons to necklace glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Exposure to CO2 activated these GC-D+ neurons, and exposure of a mouse to CO2 activated bulbar neurons associated with necklace glomeruli. Behavioral tests revealed CO2 detection thresholds of approximately 0.066%, and this sensitive CO2 detection required CAII activity. We conclude that mice detect CO2 at near-atmospheric concentrations through the olfactory subsystem of GC-D+ neurons.     

垂花百合鳞片离体培养研究

以垂花百合鳞片为外植体进行离体培养研究。结果表明,垂花百合鳞片外植体的最佳消毒方法是用70%酒精处理30 s再用0.1%升汞浸泡12 min,污染率为13.3%,成活率为92.6%;鳞片不同部位诱导不定芽的能力依次为下部>中部>上部,下部、中部、上部鳞片诱导率分别为75.0%、68.3%、38.3%,平均每个外植体诱导不定芽数分别为2.7个、2.3个、1.5个,下部鳞片的诱导率和平均每鳞片诱导不定芽数均最高,显著高于上部鳞片;鳞片外植体最佳诱导培养基为MS+BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1和MS+BA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L-1,诱导率分别为67.5%和72.5%,平均每个外植体诱导不定芽分别为2.4个和2.2个;最佳增殖培养基为MS+BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA1.0 mg·L-1,增殖系数为2.9;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L-1,生根率99.4%,平均单株生根数9.6条;最适扦插基质为河沙,成活率可达94.0%。