家兔氟乙酰胺中毒后血、尿指标的变化

为探讨动物氟乙酰胺中毒后血液和尿液指标的变化规律,将20只健康家兔随机分成4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,正常饲喂,Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ组作为中毒组,分别经口灌服1.5、2.0、10.0 mg/kg体重的氟乙酰胺溶液(5.68×10-2 mg/L);各中毒组家兔死亡前从心脏采集血样,未死亡家兔和对照组家兔在试验第3天从心脏采集血样,进行红细胞、白细胞计数、白细胞分类计数和血红蛋白含量测定;通过膀胱穿刺采集尿液,用半自动生化仪测定亚硝酸盐、pH、葡萄糖、蛋白质、潜血、酮体、胆红素及尿胆素原等指标.结果显示,各中毒组家兔血红蛋白含量及红细胞总数较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05),白细胞总数显著增加(P＜0.05),其中淋巴细胞增加较为明显,中性粒细胞相对减少;各中毒组尿液中葡萄糖、蛋白质和尿胆素原含量较对照组都有所升高,pH显著降低(P＜0.05),尿中血红蛋白含量显著增加(P＜0.05).这些指标的测定可为动物氟乙酰胺中毒临床诊断提供参考.     

高锌对肉鸡血液生化指标的影响

1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏 2 0 0只随机分为 4组。 组 :基础日粮 (Zn10 0 mg/ kg) ; 组 :基础日粮 Zn14 0 0 m g/kg; 组 :基础日粮 Zn 190 0 mg/ kg; 组 :基础日粮 Zn 2 4 0 0 mg/ kg,试验期 7周。结果表明 : 组血清碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)活性显著升高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,AKP的同工酶亦受到不同程度的影响。谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)、淀粉酶(AMY)活性各试验组均显著升高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;肌酸激酶 (CK)活性在试验初期升高 ,中期不同程度的降低(P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,试验结束时与对照组无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。血清总蛋白 (TP)、球蛋白 (GL B)含量随锌水平的升高而升高 ,白蛋白 (AL B)含量下降 ,但均与对照组比较差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。血清锌含量随饲料锌水平增高而显著升高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,血清中钙磷含量则与饲料锌水平成负相关     

二丁酰环腺苷酸(dbcAMP)对猪脂肪和蛋白质代谢的调控

通过皮下注射和饲料添加不同剂量二丁酰环腺苷酸 (dbc AMP)进行饲养试验 ,研究了其对生长肥育猪脂肪和蛋白质代谢调控的效果。结果表明 :皮下注射 1.0 mg/ kg和饲料添加 2 0 mg/ kg为最佳调控剂量 ,生长猪血清脂肪酶活性分别提高 37.6 2 %和 37.2 9% (P<0 .0 5 ) ,血脂含量分别提高 14 .77%和 15 .6 6 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;肥育猪血清脂肪酶活性分别提高 33.0 1%和 32 .35 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,血脂含量分别提高 12 .36 %和 15 .97% (P<0 .0 5 ) ;生长猪和肥育猪血清TG、HDL、VL DL 含量明显提高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;肥育猪背膘厚度明显下降 ,瘦肉率明显提高 (P<0 .0 5 )。生长猪和肥育猪血清 TP、AL B和 GL OB含量增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,AL T、AST和 AL P活性提高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;肌肉中干物质和粗蛋白含量明显提高 (P<0 .0 5 )。由此证明 ,dbc AMP对生长肥育猪脂肪和蛋白质代谢有明显调控作用     

高铜对雏鸡脑组织一氧化氦含量和一氧化氮合酶活性的影响

1日龄艾维菌肉鸡健雏360羽,随机分为6组,分别喂以对照组日粮(10.89 mg/kg Cu)和高铜日粮(100 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅰ组;200 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅱ组;400 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅲ组;600 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅳ组;800 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅴ组)6周,观察高铜对雏鸡脑组织和血清一氧化氮(N0)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性变化的影响,探讨高铜对雏鸡脑组织的损伤机理.高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组脑组织和血清NO的含量较对照组显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).NOS的活性随日粮铜含量的升高而升高,各高铜组脑组织NOS的活性较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01);高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组血清NOS的活性较对照组显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).日粮铜水平在200 mg/kg及以上时,脑组织和血清NO的含量和NOS的活性随日粮铜的含量升高而升高,脑组织因氧化而受损.     

苦马豆素抗血清治疗家兔小花棘豆中毒

通过检测苦马豆素（swainsonine,SW）抗血清治疗小花棘豆中毒家兔血清免疫和生化指标变化,评价SW抗血清对家兔小花棘豆中毒的治疗效果。将18只家兔随机分为对照组（6只）、攻毒组（6只）和攻毒治疗组（6只）,攻毒试验兔按干重拌料饲喂10g／（kg·d）小花棘豆草粉,攻毒组试验兔出现死亡时（第70天）停止攻毒。攻毒第21天,攻毒治疗组试验兔注射SW抗血清,每只兔每天0．5mL,连续注射4d。以攻毒试验开始进行首次采血,试验开始后每7d采血1次,进行血清免疫和生化指标测定。结果显示,攻毒第7天时攻毒家兔血清AKP活性和SW含量显著高于对照家兔（P〈0．05）;第14天时攻毒家兔血清AST和LDH活性显著高于对照家兔（P〈0．05）,血清AMA活性和E-玫瑰花环率均显著低于对照家兔（P〈0．05）;第21天时攻毒家兔血清BUN、CRE和GLU含量显著高于对照家兔（P〈0．05）。攻毒治疗组家免注射SW抗血清后血清AKP、LDH、AST、ALT活性及BuN、CRE、GLU、SW含量较攻毒家兔显著下降,AMA活性和E～玫瑰花环率显著上升。结果表明,SW抗血清可有效治疗家兔小花棘豆中毒。     

活血疏肝健脾汤对犬实验性肝损伤血清学和组织学影响

观察活血疏肝健脾汤对 CCl4诱导的犬肝纤维化的血清学指标和病理组织学变化影响 ,以探讨中药复方防治犬肝纤维化的机制。采用皮下多点注射和口服 CCl4菜籽油的方法制作动物实验性肝损伤模型。对照组仅给予 CCl4,中药组在给予 CCl4的同时口服中药复方煎剂 ;西药组在给予 CCl4的同时口服秋水仙碱。每周采集血样测定犬血清中 AL B、AST、AL T与羟脯氨酸 ( HYP)含量 ;8周后处死动物 ,观察肝脏组织的病理学变化 :1从试验开始到第 8周结束 ,对照组犬血清中的 AL B降低 ,AL T、AST升高 ,而中药组犬在试验的前 5周 ,血清白蛋白含量明显降低 ,自第 6周开始回升 ,第 7周时升至试验前的水平 ,血清 ALT和 AST活性无明显变化 ;2中药组犬的血清 HYP含量从第 5周开始显著高于对照组 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,试验结束时其肝脏胶原含量显著低于对照组 ( P <0 .0 1) ;3对照组犬肝细胞变性、坏死 ,胶原纤维大量增生 ,中药组犬胶原纤维数量明显少于对照组。活血疏肝健脾汤具有减轻 CCl4对肝脏的损伤 ,保护肝细胞的功能和抗肝纤维化的作用     

高锌对艾维茵肉鸡血液病理学的系统研究

试验将1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏200只随机分为4组,分别喂以基础日粮(Zn 100 mg/kg,A组)、高锌日粮Ⅰ(Zn 1 500 mg/kg,B组)、高锌日粮Ⅱ(Zn 2 000 mg/kg,C组)和高锌日粮Ⅲ(Zn 2 500 mg/kg,D组),试验期为7周 .结果表明:B组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著升高(P<0.05),D组显著降低(P<0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶的同工酶亦受到不同程度的影响;谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、淀粉酶(AMY)活性各试验组显著升高(P<0.05);肌酸激酶(CK)活性在试验初期升高,中期不同程度降低(P<0.05),试验结束时与对照组无显著差异(P> 0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)含量随锌水平的升高而升高,白蛋白(ALB)含量下降,但均与对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05);血清锌含量随饲料锌水平增高而显著升高(P<0.05);血清中钙、磷含量则与饲料锌水平呈负相关.     

日粮中添加半胱胺对肉鸡生长性状的影响

选择 1日龄 AA肉鸡 6 30羽 ,随机分为 3组。 1组 (对照组 )饲喂基础日粮 ,2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加 2 0 0 mg/ kg、30 0 mg/ kg的半胱胺 (CS)。试验结果表明 :与对照组相比 ,肉鸡 0～ 3周龄时 2 0 0 mg/ kg CS组的平均日增重提高 5 .2 0 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,30 0 mg/ kg CS组提高 1 .90 % (P>0 .0 5 ) ;4～ 6周龄时 2 0 0 mg/ kg CS组的平均日增重提高 5 .2 7% (P<0 .0 5 ) ,30 0 mg/ kg CS组提高6 .31 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;全期 (0～ 6周龄 ) 2 0 0 mg/ kg CS组的日增重提高 5 .2 5 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,30 0 mg/ kgCS组提高 5 .0 3% (P<0 .0 5 )     

异育银鲫饵料中添加L-肉碱的养殖效果研究

为研究L-肉碱对异育银鲫的养殖效果,选取体况良好,体质量(178.22±4.65)g的120尾异育银鲫,随机分成6组,每组设2个重复,每重复放养10尾鱼.各组在基础日粮中分别添加0、50、100、150、200和250 mg/kg L-肉碱(0为对照组),饲养试验期40 d.结果表明,200 mg/kg组鱼体的尾均增质量高于对照组13.23%(P<0.05),饵料系数低12.82%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,200 mg/kg组肌肉水分含量显著降低,粗蛋白含量显著升高;200(P<0.05)和250 mg/kg组(P<0.01)粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组;L-肉碱提高异育银鲫血清中的生长激素(GH)含量,其中200 mg/kg组高于对照组8.49%(P<0.05).试验结果表明,L-肉碱可促进异育银鲫生长,提高饲料转化率,改善鱼体品质风味,添加量为200 mg/kg时效果最好.     

家兔血液F含量与有肌肉中微量元素相关性分析

给28只家兔分别灌服2mg/kg、5mg/kg、10mg/kg氟化钠溶液。2～3d实验家兔先后出现典型中毒症状 ,部分家兔在4d后开始死亡 ,用原子分光光度法连续测定不同剂量氟中毒家兔血液、肌肉中微量元素含量变化 ,结果表明 ,随家兔体内F含量的增加其血液、肌肉微量元素含量发生显著改变 ,其中血液中Zn和Fe均逐渐降低 (P<0.05,P<0.01) ,血Se、F则逐渐升高 (P<0.01) ,肌肉F含量显著高于对照组 ,并随着F含量的增加而增加 ,肌肉中Cu、Se、Zn含量与健康组织相比显著降低 (P<0.01,P<0.05) ,不同剂量差异不显著 ,而肌肉中Fe含量不显著。因此 ,家兔氟中毒时在一定程度上可影响血液和肌肉中微量元素的含量及其代谢机制 ,从而使机体出现一系列病理变化     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.