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几种不同的杀菌剂和植物生长调节剂对棉花黄萎病的防治效果在田间进行了试验,结果表明,40%抗枯威可湿性粉剂400倍液防治效果最好,达71.3%;0.5%藜芦碱水剂400倍液次之,防效为62.2%;绿风95600倍液、抗枯威800倍液、黄腐酸盐600倍液和缩节安60mg·kg-1也有一定的防治效果,分别为59.7%、48.5%、47.0%和45.9%,而50%多菌灵600倍液和高锰酸钾1000倍液防效较差。此外,几种供试药剂还有不同程度的增产作用,以40%抗枯威400倍液增产幅度最大,其次为缩节安60mg·kg-1和黄腐酸盐600倍液。 相似文献
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棉萎克对棉花黄萎病的防控效果及使用技术 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
2015年于河南安阳黄萎病人工病圃和新疆黄萎病重病田研究了棉萎克对棉花黄萎病的防治效果。结果表明:在人工病圃黄萎病发生的中期,连续喷施600倍棉萎克2次后,处理区的病情指数下降14.3%,标记病株的平均病级由4.0下降到2.8;而对照区病情指数增长92.6%,标记病株的平均病级由4.2上升到5.9,对黄萎病的防治效果为55.4%。在新疆阿拉尔和石河子重病田黄萎病发生初期,连续喷施棉萎克3次后,对黄萎病的防治效果分别为66.1%和73.1%。本研究表明,在棉花黄萎病发生初期喷施棉萎克对棉花黄萎病具有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
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棉花喷施不同药剂对黄萎病的预防效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
试验结果表明:在棉花生育期间喷施几次不同的药剂对黄萎病都有一定的防效,但预防效果各不相同,预防效果在5.35%~49.55%.防效最好的是甲基托布津(49.55%),其次是多菌灵(44.24%);预防效果最差的是棉花保苗王(5.35%),其次是白糖 大蒜(14.17%).因此,在棉花生育期间喷施几次甲基托布津或多菌灵等杀菌剂对预防黄萎病仍是一项切实有效的重要措施. 相似文献
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为探讨枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花黄萎病的防治效果,加快内生拮抗细菌-枯草芽孢杆菌Jaased1菌剂防治棉花黄萎病试验示范进程,利用Jaas ed1菌剂在苗期对棉花进行灌根处理,以及现蕾初期对棉花进行灌根处理。结果表明:新型内生拮抗细菌枯草芽孢杆菌Jaas ed1能抑制棉花黄萎病的发生,特别是苗期以及现蕾初期进行药剂灌根,对预防棉花黄萎病的发生具有较好的效果,防治效果达到53.2%;同时可以促进棉花的生长,提高棉花的产量,籽棉产量、皮棉产量分别比清水对照高7.95%、8.19%。 相似文献
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2009~2010年从安徽省三大棉区采集病秸秆并分离得到30株棉花黄萎病菌株,通过对其培养性状的测定发现,多数菌株为菌核型,占80.0%,少数为中间型,占16.7%,而菌丝型仅占3.3%。对感病棉花品种苗期致病程度测定结果表明,安徽省黄萎病菌株可划分为强、中、弱3种致病类型,其中致病性强的菌株有7株,占参试菌株的23.3%,中等致病性的菌株有14株,占46.7%,致病性弱的菌株有9株,占30%。研究结果还表明,不同地区棉花黄萎病菌株间的致病程度存在较大差异,同一地区的不同菌株间致病程度也有一定差异。 相似文献
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Verticillium wilt (VW), caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is a destructive disease of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The use of resistant cultivars has long been considered the most practical and effective mean of control. The aim of this work was to study the quantitative genetic basis of Verticillium wilt resistance in Upland cotton by using five genotypes and their possible crosses without reciprocals selecting simultaneously for resistance and desirable agronomic characteristics. Five cotton cultivars and 10 F1s from half-diallel crosses were analyzed for VW resistance. The seed cotton yield, the number of bolls/ plant, and boll weight were measured and Verticillium wilt index (VWI) was estimated during two crop seasons in two different sites each year always on plots with naturally infested soil. Genetic components of variance were analyzed using the Hayman model. Analysis of variance for all characters showed significant differences between genotypes, without genotype-site interaction in most cases. Both, additive genetic variance component (D) and dominance genetic variance components (H1 and H2) were presented in all characters, except for VWI. D was the most important component for boll weight and VWI. Boll weight was the most correlated character with seed cotton yield and VWI. Broad sense heritability was high for boll weight and VWI, moderate for seed cotton yield and low for bolls per plant. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for boll weight, and high for VWI. 相似文献
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由大丽轮枝孢菌侵染引起的向日葵黄萎病是一种重要的土传病害,微菌核是该病害主要的初侵染来源。目前,土壤中大丽轮枝孢菌微菌核的定量检测方法多操作步骤复杂繁琐,如利用PCR方法进行检测,对仪器设备和操作人员的素质都有较高的要求,而常规的土壤梯度稀释湿筛法的实验周期长且检测效率低,因此,建立一种快速定量检测土壤中大丽轮枝孢菌微菌核的方法,对于向日葵黄萎病的预报预测和防控非常重要。为了能够快速的定量检测土壤中微菌核的数量,以期探明不同耕作方式地块中土壤微菌核数量的差异,本实验建立了一套操作相对简单,实验周期较短的微菌核快速分离和定量检测的方法,即采样器—干筛法。该方法将微生物采样器和选择性培养基相结合,基于微生物采样器的撞击法原理,使土壤微生物粒子加速撞击到选择性培养基的培养皿表面,经培养后可见单菌落形成。利用该方法对内蒙古巴彦淖尔市不同的向日葵黄萎病发病地块中采集到的土壤样本中微菌核进行了定量检测,结果表明:两年向日葵连作地(样地1)土壤中微菌核的数量最多,平均每克土样中含有微菌核32.80个;与非寄主作物玉米轮作地块(样地2)土样中微菌核的数量最少,平均每克土样中含有微菌核11.80个,与寄主作物打籽葫芦轮作地块(样地3)微菌核数量介于二者之间。利用该方法能够明显区分不同地块土壤中微菌核的数量。通过和荧光定量PCR检测的结果进行相关性分析发现,该方法能够准确检测土壤中大丽轮枝孢菌微菌核的数量。 相似文献
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通过对棉花不同种质材料的棉铃在不同发育时期重量和长宽比的研究。结果表明,不同发育阶段的棉铃在重量和长宽比存在较大的差异;陆地棉和海岛棉的棉铃重量第5天和第10天变化趋势基本相同,但长宽比存在差异;两者的关系是长宽比越大,其铃重越轻;不同类型品种棉铃的长宽比是海岛棉〉圆锥形铃陆地棉〉卵圆形铃陆地棉〉圆形铃陆地棉,而重量恰好相反,为圆形铃陆地棉〉卵圆形铃陆地棉〉圆锥形铃陆地棉〉海岛棉;杂交棉相对于其亲本变化不明显。由此可见,棉花品种类型不同,棉铃形状的差异都是影响棉铃发育的重要因素。 相似文献
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Irrigation water disinfestation is an unexplored option for reducing Verticillium dahliae inoculum in water and consequently for more efficiently managing Verticillium wilts in Andalusia. We assessed Suppressive Efficacy (SE; water was infested and subsequently treated) and Preventive Efficacy (PE; previously treated water was subsequently inoculated) of OX-VIRIN®, OX-AGUA AL 25® and Deccoklor® in reducing water infestations by V. dahliae conidia. Five concentrations of each disinfestant, the lowest three being recommended by the manufacturer, were tested in vitro against six V. dahliae isolates. Validation assays were carried out in experiments under natural environmental conditions in spring. The four highest concentrations of OX-VIRIN® (0.8–51.2 mL L−1), the three highest of OX-AGUA AL 25® (46.4–417.5 μL L−1) and the two highest of Deccoklor® (0.375 and 3.75 mL L−1), showed an in vitro-efficacy (SE and PE) of 96.2, 80.0 and 100.0% after 30, 5 to 30 and 15 days respectively. Therefore, recommended concentrations for OX-VIRIN® and OX-AGUA AL 25® showed a greater in vitro-effectiveness than those recommended for Deccoklor®. Assays in natural environmental conditions proved that OX-VIRIN® at the recommended concentration of 3.2-mL L−1, applied every 28 days to water, was the most effective treatment (SE and PE), with a 100% reduction of the average relative viability after 56 days. Other chemical treatments showing high in vitro-efficacy, such as OX-VIRIN® at 0.8 mL L−1 and OX-AGUA AL 25® at 46.4 μL L−1 showed an SE of 99.9% after 14 and 28 days when applied every 28 and 14 days, respectively. However, PE of OX-AGUA AL 25® at 46.4 μL L−1 was only 59 and 38% after 28 and 14 days respectively, depending on the experiment. 相似文献