Alimet和DL-蛋氨酸对饲喂玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕日粮的肉仔鸡生产性能影响的比较研究

试验比较了在玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕日粮中添加等摩尔数的Alimet[含88%的蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMT鄄BA)]和DL-蛋氨酸[含99%DL-蛋氨酸(DLM)]对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。选用420只体重相近的10日龄健康爱拨益加肉雏鸡,公母各半,随机分成14个处理,公母各7个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复6只鸡。采用2×4×2因子设计,主因子包括:2个蛋氨酸源(DL-蛋氨酸和Alimet)、4个蛋氨酸添加水平(以等摩尔数为基础:10～21d:0%、0.08%、0.16%和0.24%;22～42d和43～49d:0%、0.07%、0.14%和0.21%)和2种性别。试验表明:1)以等摩尔有效成分为基础,Alimet的促生长效果与DL-蛋氨酸没有显著差异;2)日粮添加蛋氨酸可显著提高21d和42d的体重(P<0.10)、10～21d和22～42d的日增重(P<0.10)、10～21d的日采食量(P<0.01),降低10～49d的料重比(P<0.10);3)与母鸡相比,公鸡增重快、采食量高、饲料利用率高。     

Alimet和DL-蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡胴体品质影响的比较研究

通过两个试验比较了在玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕(试验一)和玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕(试验二)日粮中添加等摩尔数的Alimet(含88%的蛋氨酸羟基类似物)和DL-蛋氨酸(含99%的DL-蛋氨酸(DLM))对肉仔鸡肌肉沉积和肌肉颜色的影响.采用2×4×2因子设计:两个蛋氨酸源,四个蛋氨酸添加水平和性别.结果表明:以等摩尔有效成分为基础,Alimet在促进肉鸡肌肉沉积方面的效果与DLM相比没有显著差异(P＞0.05);与DLM相比,饲喂添加Alimet日粮的肉鸡的胸肌(P＜0.01)和腿肌(P＜0.01)色度比DLM处理明显提高.     

日粮蛋氨酸螯合锌和硫酸锌水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验探讨了日粮中不同硫酸锌和蛋氨酸螯合锌水平对肉用仔鸡生产性能、血液生化指标和胫骨锌及铁浓度的影响.选用1日龄岭南黄肉鸡720只,按体重和性别随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸡.在玉米豆粕型基础日粮中分别以硫酸锌和蛋氨酸螯合锌形式添加40、80和120mg/kg锌饲喂试验鸡,预饲10d,正式试验期为21 d.结果表明,日粮锌源和锌水平对肉仔鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量、血清碱性磷酸酶活性、血清葡萄糖和总蛋白浓度以及胫骨锌和铁含量无明显影响,在锌添加水平为40mg/kg时,蛋氨酸螯合锌处理组耗料增重比显著低于硫酸锌组(P<0.05).     

日粮蛋氨酸水平对肉仔鸡的影响

试验选取600只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成6组,研究了日粮6个水平的蛋氨酸对其生产性能和血液中甲状腺激素与尿酸含量的影响.结果表明日粮蛋氨酸低于0.28%或高于1.5%时,肉仔鸡生产性能显著下降,血清中尿酸含量显著提高;日粮蛋氨酸0.5%～1.0%时,肉仔鸡生产性能与血清中尿酸含量没有显著差异;血浆中甲状腺激素含量不受蛋氨酸水平的影响.     

无鱼粉日粮饲喂肉仔鸡研究

近代营养学的研究表明,蛋白质营养的实质是各种氨基酸的组成含量。特别是必需氨基酸的营养作用。因此,强调饲粮中氨基酸平衡是营养科学的重要环节。当前,我省肉仔鸡饲养业蓬勃发展。但无论国营单位或个体生产者肉仔鸡饲粮配方     

高蛋白玉米日粮对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

将180只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,分别比较不同营养水平条件下高蛋白玉米等比例替代普通玉米和等营养水平条件下高蛋白玉米替代普通玉米对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,试验期为7周。试验结果:在肉仔鸡日粮中分别添加相同比例的高蛋白玉米和普通玉米,与普通玉米组相比,高蛋白玉米组肉仔鸡的料肉比降低了4.19%,差异显著(P<0.05),日增重提高了2.29%(P>0.05);相同营养水平下在肉仔鸡日粮中用高蛋白玉米替代普通玉米,肉仔鸡的日增重有一定下降,但日增重、采食量、料肉比等差异均不显著(P>0.05)。本试验表明,在肉仔鸡日粮中使用高蛋白玉米替代普通玉米,具有降低肉仔鸡料肉比,提高日增重和减少日粮中豆粕使用量以降低饲料成本的潜力。     

日粮内山梨醇对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

１．研究了日粮内山梨醇对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响，向２９－５７日龄肉仔鸡不限量喂给对照组日粮或含山梨醇日粮（１００ｇ／ｋｇ日粮）。２．体增重、采食量、饲料报酬和日粮代谢值没有显著的差异，饲喂含山梨醇日粮的鸡腹脂相对和绝对重显著下降。３．和对照组日粮比较，含山梨醇日粮降低了血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇、极低密度脂蛋白的浓度。     

小黑麦日粮饲喂肉仔鸡效果的研究

本试验以常规日粮为基础，按１５％、２５％两个梯度添加小黑麦配制日粮饲喂肉仔鸡，对其饲养效果进行了比较试验，结果表明：２５％组与常规日粮组具有相同的饲养效果，１５％组虽稍差于常规日粮组，但无显著差异。因此，小黑麦用作肉仔鸡饲料原料是可行的。     

日粮中添加蛋氨酸对肉种鸡生产性能的影响

日粮中添加蛋氨酸对肉种鸡生产性能的影响　姜通理，王秀芝，陈万民（黑龙江省农垦科学院红兴隆科研所１５５８１１）目前，国内外养鸡生产场家普遍采用在日粮中添加蛋氨酸的方法来提高肉鸡的生产性能，但是有关不同类型日粮蛋氨酸的添加剂量以及使用效果的报道却很少，本...     

Growth performance of broilers fed on diets containing processed poultry wastes

1. Broilers were grown on diets containing processed poultry wastes: dehydrated broiler litter, with (DBLA) or without (DBLN) arsenical residues, “in‐house” dried waste (IHDW) and dehydrated layer waste (DLW), all from commercial poultry houses.

2. Wastes were included at 100 g/kg in starter and finisher diets given, in most cases, from 0 to 8 weeks. In formulation the contents of true protein and of experimentally‐determined metabolisable energy values were used to ensure nutritional balance.

3. Body weight at 8 weeks with inclusion of wastes was equivalent to control (DLW) or increased (DBLA, DBLN). The gain: food ratio was reduced by the two layer wastes because of increased food consumption. Litter moisture was increased by the feeding of wastes.     

酶制剂可提高饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮肉鸡的生产性能

本研究用营养充足的玉米－豆粕型日粮添加0．1％酶制剂（爱维生1500，含有木聚糖酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性，丹尼斯科动物营养公司提供）与不添加酶组进行对比试验。每种日粮喂给48个笼子的肉鸡（每笼65只公肉仔鸡）。在16、35、42和49日龄测定鸡体重和饲料转化率。在35、42和49日龄，从每笼中选5只鸡屠宰以确定屠宰率和不同部位的产肉量。研究结果表明，日粮中添加酶制剂的鸡组在16、35和40日龄体重显著高于未添加组；而饲料转化率的结果则不同。添加爱维生的鸡在16、35和42日龄的死亡率明显降低，但对屠宰率、胸肉产量、大腿肉及鸡翅产量没有影响；而腹指、胴体百分比增加，且在42和49天时统计学上差异显著。这个结果表明肉鸡饲喂添加爱维生的日粮可以获得更多的可利用能量。     

Subsequent growth performance and digestive physiology of broilers fed on starter diets containing spray-dried porcine plasma as a substitute for meat meal

1. A 4 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), in lieu of meat meal, in the starter diet on performance and digestive physiology of broiler chickens between hatch and 35 d of age. Four levels of SDPP (0, 5, 10 or 20 g/kg) were included in the starter diets in lieu of meat meal on either wheat- or maize-based diets.

2. Over the first 10 d, and throughout the 35-d experimental period, birds gained more body weight with increasing concentrations of SDPP regardless to the type of grain used. Inclusion of SDPP in the starter diet markedly improved feed per gain in the starter phase and across the 35-d study. There was no significant effect of the type of grain and its interaction with SDPP on the body weight gain and feed per gain for the two assessed periods.

3. At d 10, the relative weight of the gizzard+proventriculus, spleen and liver increased with increasing concentrations of SDPP.

4. At 24 d of age, the grain and SDPP inclusion significantly interacted, depressing the weight of bursa and spleen in birds that received the highest concentration of SDPP in the maize-based diet. Birds fed on the maize-based diets had higher relative weight of pancreas than those on the wheat-based diets.

5. Increasing concentrations of SDPP in the starter diet improved the activities of maltase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase at 24 d of age. The interaction of grain and SDPP concentration was significant for sucrase activity in birds on the wheat-based diets. Chickens on maize-based diets had higher alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities than those on wheat-based diets.

6. Chicks that were offered SDPP-containing starter diets had longer villi, deeper crypts and lower villi/crypt than the control at 24 d of age regardless of the grain type used. Furthermore, longer villi and larger villi/crypt were found in chicken groups fed on wheat-based diets than those on maize-based diets.

7. Chickens on maize-based diets had higher dressing percentage and relative breast weight than those on wheat-based diets at 35 d of age.

8. It can be concluded that supplementation of starter diets with SDPP would be beneficial to the long-term growth of broiler chickens. The effect of the basal grain used in the diet is minimal.

     

Influence of dietary enzyme complex on the performance of broilers fed on diets with and without antibiotic supplementation

1. The aim of the experiment was to test the possible interactions of an enzyme complex and a food antibiotic on the growth and metabolism, carcase yield, whole body composition and nutrient deposition in broilers. The basal diet contained 400 g/kg barley. The four treatments were as follows: O—without supplements (control), E—enzyme complex Roxazyme® G, 200 mg/kg, A—antibiotic avoparcin, 10 mg/kg, EA—Roxazyme G, 200 mg/kg plus avoparcin, 10 mg/kg.

2. Roxazyme G positively influenced weight gain, food conversion efficiency, energy metabolisability, fat and nitrogen utilisation and the dry matter content of droppings. Fat and energy deposition in the whole body were also increased, whereas protein deposition and carcase yield were not influenced.

3. Avoparcin increased energy metabolisability and fat utilisation, but had no influence on nitrogen utilisation. No significant improvements from avoparcin were seen in growth or in nutrient deposition in the body. The fibre degradability (NDF and ADF fraction) was significantly depressed by antibiotic supplementation.

4. The inclusion of both supplements to the diet did not have a fully additive effect on growth, energy metabolisability, or fat and nitrogen utilisation. The interaction between enzyme and antibiotic for food conversion efficiency during the first experimental period (7 to 21 d) was nearly significant (P= 0.053). Except for fibre degradability (P ≤ 0.01), no other significant interactions between enzyme and antibiotic were found.     

蛋氨酸添加剂对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

蛋氨酸是家禽玉米 -豆粕型日粮的第一限制性氨基酸 ,在家禽特别是肉鸡日粮中添加工业合成蛋氨酸才能满足其需要。市售蛋氨酸添加剂有固体蛋氨酸 (纯度为 99% )和液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物 (纯度为 88% )两种。有关液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物的生物学效价目前还存在争议 :一种意见认为在等摩尔含量的基础上 ,液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物可以代替固体蛋氨酸 ;另一种意见则认为液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物本身不是蛋氨酸 ,当进入动物体后需经化学转化才可形成蛋氨酸 ,进而参与代谢。许多试验结果亦表明 ,液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物的相对生物学效价较低 ,只有固体蛋氨酸的…     

The effect of genotype,choice feeding,and season on organically reared broilers fed diets devoid of synthetic methionine

In response to the impending ban on synthetic methionine in organic poultry diets, researchers have focused on finding alternative strategies to supply this amino acid. The objectives of this study were to assess performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed diets devoid of synthetic methionine by using 1) a slow-growing and a fast-growing genotype, 2) choice-feeding management (supplying grain and a complementary premix in 2 separate feeders), and 3) pasture access and seasonal variation. Inclusion of fish meal and high percentages of soybean meal enabled the specific genotype methionine requirement to be met. All diets were certified organic. The experiment was conducted during the grower and finisher phases in 4 different seasons: late fall, spring, summer, and early fall. Pasture access was assessed either by housing broilers on the West Virginia University Organic farm and giving them outdoor access, or by housing broilers on the West Virginia University Animal Sciences farm and giving them no outdoor access. Fast-growing genotypes were superior in performance and carcass characteristics compared with slow-growing genotypes, and choice-feeding management did not improve performance or carcass characteristics. Pasture access tended to have no effect on slow-growing broilers and decreased the performance of fast-growing broilers. Performance was decreased in late fall, likely because of cold ambient temperatures.     

Performance of broilers fed on diets containing cooked potato flake

The chemical analysis of dried cooked potato flake suggests that the material might be used in diets for broilers. Starter and finisher diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 40% potato flake in place of maize meal were formulated, and fed ad libitum in pellet form to broilers. Performance of the birds and characteristics of the pellets were measured.

The performances of birds given diets containing 0, 10 and 20% potato were similar. Birds given the diet containing 40% potato grew at a slower rate, ate less food but converted food as efficiently as birds receiving other diets.

Wetness of the litter and hardness of the pellets both increased as the proportion of potato in the diet increased, and these are suggested as the main factors limiting the proportion of potato used in the diet. It is proposed that these factors may be overcome by attention to the litter and by feeding diets containing potato in smaller sized particles.