大白菜根肿病发生规律与防治

根据室内生测及大田试验结果得知,百菌清是控制大白菜根肿病发生的有效药剂。直播大白菜:用60％百菌清可湿性粉剂500g/667m2,与200kg细沙拌匀,毒土法穴施, 之后用60％百菌清可湿性粉剂750倍液(800mg／kg)药液100mL灌根2次,连续3次施药, 间隔期10d,对大白菜根肿病的防效可达70％以上。     

百菌清防治大白菜根肿病应用技术研究

直播大白菜于播种后即用百菌清1000倍液每穴300mL药液淋施．移栽大白菜于移栽时即用百菌清1000倍液每株300mL药液灌根1次．2种防治技术均对根肿病有显著的控病保产效果，对大白菜根肿病根瘤的抑制率分别达86．2％和71．7％。     

十字花科作物根肿病发生规律及防治

根据楚雄州十字花科根肿病的发生规律,从农业防治与药剂防治两方面进行阐述,提出了十字花科根肿病的防治措施与方法。     

冬种潮州芥菜根肿病发生与防治

对近年来五华县冬种潮州芥菜根肿病发生和传播的原因进行剖析并提出防治措施。     

纳雍县夏秋反季节大白菜主要病虫及防治

夏秋反季节大白菜是近年来纳雍县蔬菜种植中一种新的栽培方式,其投入产出比大致在1:1.5～1.8左右。夏秋反季节大白菜对于调整农业产业结构,增加农民收入有重大现实意义,但夏秋生产的反季节大白菜处于高温高湿季节,易发生病虫害,致使大白菜商品价值降低,直接影响菜农的经济收入。     

扎佐萝卜基地病虫害的发生与防治

修文县扎佐镇由于土壤、气候等特点很适宜萝卜的生长,且个大、肉质细嫩而脆、品质好,加工出的萝卜干香脆可口、营养丰富.现扎佐萝卜的种植已达 67 hm2.然而近年来由于气候、施药等原因,萝卜受到病虫害的严重威胁,给生产带来较大困难.为搞好萝卜基地示范样板建设,抓好无公害农产品生产, 2003年 6～ 9月笔者到扎佐萝卜基地 (核心示范区 33 hm2)蹲点工作,具体抓基地萝卜生产和病虫害防治工作.通过蹲点工作,对扎佐萝卜主要发生的病虫作了系统调查并通过实际指导得出一定经验.现针对当地生产实际,对萝卜病虫害的发生情况及防治方法介绍如下:     

天峨县反季节大白菜病虫害发生特点及综合防治技术

反季节大白菜是指在每年3~10月种植供应的大白菜,2000年以来,天峨县实施种植业结构调整,反季节大白菜种植面积逐年增加,2005年种植面积达571·33ha,病害发生面积102·84ha,占种植面积的18%,造成损失达23·2万kg,虫害发生面积179·4ha,占种植面积31·4%,损失达67·3万kg,严重影响反季节大白菜生产的发展和效益的提高。反季节大白菜由于种植季节气温偏高,雨水频繁,病虫害常大面积发生,危害程度偏重。根据笔者几年来的调查及防治技术摸索,现将主要病虫害的发生特点及综合防治技术介绍如下。1主要病虫发生特点1·1猝倒病Pythium aphanider-matu…     

油菜根肿病的发生与防治

油菜根肿病自苗期开始发生 ,严重时可导致油菜苗死亡以至全田毁株。成株受害则根部肿大 ,腐烂 ,甚至使植株枯萎死亡。近年来 ,该病的发病率在川南一带有上升趋势 ,一般植株的发病率达 10 %～30 % ,严重的高达 5 0 %以上。对油菜生产造成较大影响。现就该病的症状、病原与侵染循环、发病条件和防治方法介绍如下 :1　症状在发病初期 ,病株地上部份有萎蔫现象 ,早晚可恢复 ,叶片无光泽 ,主根呈纺锤形或不规则畸形 ,大小不等的肿瘤 ,初期表面光滑、白色 ,以后颜色变褐 ,表面粗糙、龟裂 ,易为土中杂菌感染而腐烂 ,主要特征是根部肿大 ,因此有“萝…     

高山大白菜主要病虫害的发生及综合防治技术

高山大白菜主要病虫害有根肿病、病毒病、软腐病、霜霉病、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾。介绍了高山大白菜主要病虫害的症状、病原传播途径、发病条件和生活习性,并提出综合防治措施。     

大白菜根肿病化学防治技术

在大白菜的不同生育期,采用多种杀菌剂和不同的防治方法防治大白菜根肿病,试验结果表明: 50%氟啶胺和10%氰霜唑能有效防治大白菜根肿病,其防治效果优于其他化学药剂。在播种前用10%氰霜唑悬浮剂2 000倍液浸种,再用50%氟啶胺悬浮剂300倍液对苗床土壤和大田土壤进行消毒处理,对大白菜根肿病的防治效果可达85.70%,比清水对照增产42.32%。     

新疆甜瓜根腐病发生危害及防治

甜瓜根腐病是20世纪90年代初在新疆喀什地区甜瓜上发现的一种新病害.该病蔓延迅速,发病率很高,重病田常造成绝产,严重影响喀什地区甜瓜生产的发展,以至1995年伽师县在《新疆日报》上发出谁来救救伽师瓜的呼声.为此,1992～2002年,对该病的病原菌、发病规律、危害程度等进行了调查研究,提出以轮作倒茬、种子处理等防治措施,取得了显著成效.     

辽宁省保护地蔬菜根结线虫发生规律及防治对策*

2008-2009年,对辽宁省蔬菜主产区保护地蔬菜根结线虫病的危害程度进行调查,以辽宁省的辽中、辽西、辽南、辽东4个地区的黄瓜大棚为对象,对棚内土壤中根结线虫的发生规律进行系统研究。结果表明：辽宁省保护地蔬菜根结线虫病为南方根结线虫危害。该病在辽宁省保护地蔬菜上发生已相当普遍,其中以连作7年以上的黄瓜、番茄、苦瓜易感寄主为主的老菜棚的发病率达到100%,病情指数达到80以上。4个地区大棚土壤中根结线虫数量普遍随土层的加深呈明显减少的趋势;并且根结线虫数量普遍随着大棚前边缘向内的距离加大呈明显增加的趋势。结合辽宁省根结线虫发病特点,提出相应的防治措施。     

Suppression of clubroot formation in Chinese cabbage by the root endophytic fungus, Heteroconium chaetospira

Root-colonizing fungi were isolated from a total of 663 root segments of Chinese cabbage plants grown in soils collected from wheat, rape, Chinese cabbage, and napier grass fields. Most of the 322 isolates were from the wheat field soil and comprised 18 genera and two septate fungal groups. Hyaline and dark septate fungi accounted for approximately half the isolates from the wheat field soil. Sixteen isolates almost completely suppressed clubroot in sterile soil. Amongst these 16 isolates, two from Heteroconium chaetospira were also effective in nonsterile soil. Chinese cabbage seedlings from seed treated with these two isolates appeared healthy, and inoculation with one isolate promoted growth. Hyphae of the fungus covered the root surface and extensively colonized the inner cortical tissues.     

Isolation and characterization of bacterial isolates for biological control of clubroot on Chinese cabbage

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is becoming an emerging threat to the production of crucifer vegetable crops in China. The aim of this study was to develop an effective biocontrol strategy against clubroot of Chinese cabbage. Results indicated that six out of fourteen bacterial strains that were isolated from vegetable rhizosphere soil reduced disease severity of Chinese cabbage by more than 50.% under greenhouse conditions.In greenhouse experiments, a soil-drench application of strain YFY 02, 13-1 and HY cell-free culture filtrate reduced the clubroot by 37.7-74.6 % relative to pathogen post-inoculation control on the highly susceptible Chinese cabbage cultivar. Seed treatment of strain YFY 02, 13-1 and HY cell-free culture filtrate reduced clubroot by 23.8-56.0 % in greenhouse experiments. In two field trials conducted at Tonghai and Lufeng sites, cell-free culture filtrates of three isolates reduced clubroot severity on Chinese cabbage by 62.4-76.8 % and 79.4 % -85.1 %, respectively. This efficacy was similar to fungicide Cyazofamid. Based on the sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA gene and identification of biochemical and physiologica criteria l(Biolog carbon source utilization analysis), the strains YFY 02 and HY were identified as Lysobacter antibioticus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. antibioticus strains being a promising candidate as a biological control agent against clubroot.     

大白菜软腐病拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效研究

为筛选对大白菜软腐病具有较好拮抗效果的生防菌株,采用对峙平板法分别从作物根际土、发酵池以及本实验室菌种库得到6株拮抗性较强的菌株ASR-12、ASR-23、ASR-31、ASR-54、ASR-55、ASR-150。在离体叶柄软腐防效试验中,采用注射接种法获得了拮抗性较强的3株拮抗菌ASR-12、ASR-23和ASR-150,48 h的防效分别达到了87.64%、80.90%和70.79%。温室防效试验的结果表明:菌株ASR-12、ASR-23和ASR-150防治效果分别为59.22%、59.21%和55.00%,显著高于72%农用链霉素可湿性粉剂的防效(39.15%),具有很好应用前景。依据形态、生理生化和分子鉴定,菌株ASR-12被鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。     

The seed-borne fungi of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), their pathogenicity and control

The pathogenicity and control of seed-borne fungi of Chinese cabbage ( Brassica pekinensis ) were studied to evaluate the quality of imported seed lots on the Finnish market and to develop practical methods for seed health testing. Amongst the numerous fungal species in the seed lots, nine were found to be pathogenic on B. pekinensis seedlings, Alternaria raphani and A. brassicicola being the most common and the most pathogenic. A. brassicicola was effectively controlled by dressing seed with thiram or powdered Streptomyces griseoviridis . unlike A. raphani which was mostly located in the inner parts of the seed. Water agar was successfully used as an incubation medium for seed health testing. Surface sterilization of the seeds with sodium hypochlorite was used to determine the internal infection of A. raphani . A linear relationship between the incidence of A. brassicicola and A. raphani was demonstrated. Ten per cent of the seed lots were excluded from seedling production because of high infection with A. raphani .     

荸荠枯萎病发生动态及防治技术

荸荠枯萎病在我国各个荸荠Eleocharis dulcis产区普遍发生,是影响荸荠产量的重要病害。为有效防治该病害,于2010—2012年调查了湖北省荸荠枯萎病的田间发生动态,并进行了荸荠品种抗病性评价、室内药剂筛选及药剂处理球茎盆栽和田间试验。3年田间病情调查结果表明,荸荠枯萎病于8月中旬开始发生,8下旬—9月上旬温度适宜,病害开始缓慢增长;9月下旬—10月中旬为该病发生的高峰期;病情指数均与温度呈显著负相关,但各年份的病情指数与相对湿度和降雨量均无显著相关性。沙洋荠、肇庆荠、韶关马坝荠、桂林荠-1品种对荸荠枯萎病有较强的抗性。10%苯醚甲环唑、25%多菌灵、40%氟硅唑和25%嘧菌酯4种药剂处理球茎均有利于荸荠出苗。经多菌灵和氟硅唑处理的球茎假植到大田2个月后对荸荠枯萎病仍有一定的防治效果,防治效果分别为22.3%和27.0%,而嘧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑对该病基本无防治效果。     

高寒地区大红袍花椒根腐病发生特点及防治对策

花椒是循化县主要经济林支柱产业之一.但是,花椒根腐病在本县发生严重,一直是生产上难以解决的问题.据调查.花椒根腐病常年发生面积占本县种植面积533 hm2的30%以上.且为害程度逐年上升.发病严重时全株枯死.为害轻的减产25%左右,重的减产达40%～60%,椒农损失巨大.为此,笔者对该病的发生特点、发生条件及综合防治技术进行了观察和研究.