造血干细胞研究进展

造血干细胞是具有自我更新、高度增殖和多向分化潜能的细胞群体,在人体造血系统中起着至关重要的作用。本文介绍了造血干细胞的生物学特征、表面标志以及造血干细胞在干细胞移植、细胞治疗和基因治疗等方面的临床应用和前景。     

Classification and grading of canine mammary tumors

Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. Two histologic classification systems for canine mammary tumors and dysplasias have been published: the first in 1974 and a modification in 1999. This article provides a brief overview of the two histologic classification systems. Since the publication of the second system, several new histologic subtypes of canine mammary neoplasms have been described. These have been incorporated into the proposed new classification system. This article also compares the grading systems for canine mammary carcinomas and their use for prognosis, along with the histologic classification.     

抗菌肽的作用特点及应用前景

抗菌肽是生物体抵御外源性病原微生物的入侵而产生的一类小分子多肽,与传统的抗生素相比具有分子量小、抗菌谱广、热稳定性好、抗菌机理独特等优点。利用抗菌肽替代传统抗生素,对提高畜产品品质,推动绿色畜牧业的发展有着非常重要的意义。文章对抗菌肽的分类与特性、结构与活性、作用机理等方面进行了系统的分析,并阐述了目前在抗菌肽研究和应用领域中存在的问题及应用前景,以期为抗菌肽的更深层次的研究提供参考。     

Melanoma in horses: Current perspectives

Debate surrounding the nature of equine melanoma has resulted in an underestimation of its life‐threatening potential. Contrary to popular dogma, the variable, often slow, rate of growth commonly associated with equine melanoma does not warrant benign classification. Equine melanoma is a malignant neoplasm with the capacity for local invasion and metastasis. A classification scheme was proposed in 1995, but this does not address the progressive nature of equine malignant melanoma (EMM). Additionally, frustration with conflicting therapeutic recommendations has led many practitioners to inappropriately advocate benign neglect. This article addresses the need for a clinically applicable, standardised classification system, provides a review of current therapies and recommendations for equine practitioners, and comments on the future directions of EMM research.     

紫外—可见分光光度法在兽药分析中的应用

笔者概述了紫外-可见分光光度法在兽药分析中的应用现状,根据其分析原理的不同进行了分类,阐述了其在实际应用中的注意事项.     

基于ASP的期刊分类发送系统的设计与实现

介绍了数字化期刊分类发送系统的功能与结构,该系统实现了通过电子邮件按订阅读者的学科专业兴趣,有选择地发送期刊文章。可供科技期刊编辑部向读者有针对性地自动发送带论文附件的邮件。     

蚕业网络信息资源导航系统的研究

论述了网络蚕业信息资源的分类、元数据标准,以及网络蚕业信息资源导航系统的信息组织方式与主要实现技术,结合实例介绍了基于动态页面技术的蚕业网络信息资源导航系统的实现方法。     

噬菌体最新分类与命名

《病毒分类一国际病毒分类委员会第9次报告》介绍了病毒的最新分类与命名,与2005年发布的《病毒分类一国际病毒分类委员会第8次报告》相比,分类体系更趋完善,病毒种类与数量大幅增加。本文重点介绍细菌病毒一噬菌体的最新分类体系,力求对所涉及的重要噬菌体给出准确而简明的中文名称,期望对中国噬茵体研究与应用领域的科学工作者有所帮助。     

犬造血干细胞移植的作用机制及应用研究进展

造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell, HSC)位于造血系统的顶端, 是造血系统中唯一具有多能性和自我更新能力的细胞, 可以分化为各种功能的血细胞, 维持血液系统的建立和动态平衡, 是目前研究最为透彻、临床应用最为成熟的成体干细胞。造血干细胞的这些重要特性, 使得基于造血干细胞在治病机制研究和临床应用中的研究取得了很大进展。以造血干细胞为基础的再生医学治疗是目前治疗恶性血液病和遗传病的首选方法, 如造血干细胞治疗犬白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、犬遗传性贫血、犬淋巴瘤、犬白细胞减少症、犬X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病等, 但由于白细胞抗原匹配的供体稀缺、可获得的造血干细胞数量有限等原因, 无法满足临床需求, 因此, 如何通过体外培养获得满足临床需要的造血干细胞成为近年来学者们研究的热点问题。作者参照现有研究成果对造血干细胞的来源和体外分离培养、治病机制进行系统的描述, 并对造血干细胞移植治疗遗传性溶血性贫血、白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、淋巴瘤、白细胞减少症、X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病的临床研究进行综述, 以期为今后将造血干细胞广泛应用于临床治疗提供参考依据。     

Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow in rats: indications, methods, and normal morphology

Bone marrow examination is an important part of the evaluation of the hematopoietic system. In pharmaceutical and toxicological research, bone marrow evaluation can help determine the potential hematotoxicity or effects of new compounds on hematopoietic cells. The rat is a common research animal, and bone marrow evaluation often is performed in this species. The goal of this review is to provide clinical pathologists and researchers with an updated overview of bone marrow evaluation in rats as well as practical guidelines for methods and microscopic evaluation. Indications for bone marrow collection in a research setting, methods of collection and smear preparation, and unique morphologic features of rat bone marrow cells are discussed. A summary of published cell differential percentages for bone marrow from healthy rats and possible explanations for discrepancies in these values also are provided.     

A numerical classification system for cleft lip and palate in the dog

An easy‐to‐use classification that enables an accurate record of canine cleft lip and palate is fundamental for effective communication between professionals and researchers and optimal use of published information. Here we present how a classification system for human cleft lip and palate can be used to register spontaneous cases in dogs, highlighting its advantages. This system is based on four topographic areas with a numerical representation of the severity of the cleft in each area. The use of spontaneous cases has the advantage of providing clefts that are naturally similar to their human counterparts for surgical, genetic and genomic studies and, furthermore, will reduce the need for experimental models of this condition.     

Species-specific properties and translational aspects of canine dendritic cells

Dogs are affected by spontaneously occurring neoplastic and inflammatory diseases which often share many similarities with pathological conditions in humans and are thus appreciated as important translational animal models. Dendritic cells (DCs) represent the most potent antigen presenting cell population. Besides their physiological function in the initiation of primary T cell responses and B cell immunity, a deregulation of DC function is involved in immune-mediated tissue damage, immunosuppression and transplantation complication in human and veterinary medicine. DCs represent a promising new target for cancer immunotherapy in dogs. However, the therapeutic use of canine DCs is restricted because of a lack of standardized isolation techniques and limited information about dog-specific properties of this cell type. This article reviews current protocols for the isolation and in vitro generation of canine monocyte- and bone marrow-derived DCs. DCs of dogs are characterized by unique morphological features, such as the presence of cytoplasmic projections and periodic microstructures. Canine DCs can be discriminated from other hematopoietic cells also based on phenotypic properties and their high T cell stimulatory capability in mixed leukocyte reactions. Furthermore, the classification of canine DC-derived neoplasms and the role of DCs in the pathogeneses of selected infectious, allergic and autoimmune diseases, which share similarities with human disorders, are discussed. Future research is needed to expand the existing knowledge about DC function in canine diseases as a prerequisite for the development of future therapies interfering with the immune response.     

Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia in laboratory mice

Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia, characterized by an accumulation of characteristic crystalloid-laden alveolar macrophages, was seen in 30/7,500 NMRI, 7/600 T x HT, 2/100 C57BL and in no cases of 1,500 CBA and 1,100 BALB/c mice. Histologically, there was a focal accumulation of large numbers of eosinophilic macrophages, generally associated with granulocytes. Macrophages could be mononucleate or multinucleate and had a crystalline cytoplasm. Free-lying crystals were sometimes observed. Ultrastructurally, macrophages had a cytoplasmic accumulation of needle-shaped and rhomboidal crystals, often showing a clear lattice structure with a repeat of 3-5 nm. The crystalloid inclusions may be derived from the breakdown products of granulocytes and appear similar to inclusions in macrophages in other parts of the hematopoietic system. That these inclusions are probably derived from eosinophils is based on the appearance within macrophages of structures resembling eosinophil granules at various stages of degradation and the similarity between the lattice repeat of the crystalloids and that of the crystalline core of the eosinophil granule. The crystalloid inclusions may be related to the Charcot-Leyden crystals found in human beings.     

Canine lymphoma

This article presents an overview of the literature regarding canine malignant lymphoma. It includes a discussion of etiology, classification, systemic manifestations of disease, therapy, and supportive care for patient management.     

宠物与宠物保健品

介绍了宠物的定义与分类,宠物与人类健康的新理念,宠物福利与保健等与宠物相关的常识。重点阐述了宠物保健品特别是宠物生物制品的研发现状,并对宠物保健品的监管提出了几点建议。     

志贺菌耐药性研究进展

概述了致病性志贺菌的分类,对家畜及人类造成的危害,临床多重耐药性严重状况。从分子生物学角度介绍了志贺菌主要耐药性acrAB-tolC主动外排系统的作用特点及耐药性相关药物外输蛋白marA、acrA、acrB,基因hdeA、tolB、tol A、tol Q等研究进展,并阐述了克服志贺菌耐药性的对策。     

青海草地类型在中国草地分类系统中的归并初探

青海现行的草地类型分类系统,主要依据<青海草地资源>,建立于20世纪80年代.1988年,青海省在全省草地资源调查中,依据1984年厦门会议制定的草地分类系统,编写了<青海草地资源>,将青海全省天然草地划分为9个草地类、9个草地组、173个草地型.由于<青海草地资源>成文早于<中国草地资源>,分类方法和分类单位与<中国草地资源>不同,导致青海草地分类系统与全国草地分类系统差异很大.为了统一规范青海草地分类系统,与全国草地分类系统相一致,现将青海省原用的草地类型归并其中,形成包括10个草地类、8个草地组、167个草地型的青海草地分类系统,通过今后的草地资源调查实践,进一步得到补充和完善,最终形成一个科学的青海草地分类体系.     

犬白内障的诊断与治疗

白内障是人致盲的主要原因之一,犬白内障也一样,但我国兽医在这方面的研究还比较薄弱。主要综述了犬白内障的分类、诊断与治疗,为该病在兽医临床中的诊断和治疗提供一些参考依据。     

我国体育产业发展初探

随着社会经济的蓬勃发展，体育产业逐渐成为大多数人所关注的热点。通过对我国体育产业现状的分析，结合体育产业的分类，就体育产业在社会主义市场经济条件下的发展提出了自己的见解。     

乳清干酪产品加工现状

为了解决干酪副产物综合利用问题,丰富干酪市场,本文对乳清干酪的加工进行阐述.介绍乳清干酪来源,各国乳清干酪的分类、营养价值,生产工艺及加热、酸化pH值、乳清浓缩方法、添加奶(鲜奶、脱脂奶、半脱脂或奶酪等)、发酵剂、非乳品蛋白质等因素对产品质地的影响.