A teratoma in a duck infected congenitally with duck hepatitis B virus

A teratoma was diagnosed in an 8-month-old pekin duck based on the presence of tissue derived from embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm in the neoplasm. The neoplasm was examined for the presence of duck hepatitis B virus, because the duck was congenitally infected with the virus, a member of the hepadnavirus family that is associated with hepatic neoplasms in hepadnavirus-infected mammals. Persistent infection occurred in the liver, but no evidence of viral infection was found in the neoplasm.     

应用鸭胚肝细胞扩增鸭肝炎病毒

鸭病毒性肝炎是由鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)引起的小鸭高度致死性、传播迅速的病毒性疾病,主要感染5周龄内的小鸭,以2周龄内雏鸭最易感.该病潜伏期短,死亡快,剖检病变主要表现为肝脏肿胀出血.     

蛋鸭瘫痪不容忽视

近年来，我市养鸭场常见部分蛋鸭群尤其初产期发生以腹泻、两腿瘫痪、输卵管阴道部宿蛋为特征的疾病，其中以瘫痪为主要症状的产蛋鸭病有逐年增加的趋势。这种产蛋鸭瘫痪综合症在临床上多为发病，发病鸭零星死亡，产蛋率徘徊不升，甚至下降，需要长期大量投药，增加养鸭成本，给鸭场的正常管理造成混乱，不少养殖户因此提前淘汰鸭群，经济损失严重。我市在2007年10月份就发生了一起产蛋鸭瘫痪综合症的病例，情况总结如下。     

鸭痛风的诊治

鸭痛风是一种以行动迟缓、消瘦、排稀白色或黏稠状含有多量尿酸盐稀粪便或关节肿大、跛行等为特征的营养代谢性疾病,其病因较为复杂。近年来,我县先后发现了多起鸭痛风的病例,经过治疗,取得了显著的效果。     

鸭保种群家系的组建

畜禽种质资源作为当代全球性生物资源问题的组成部分,涉及到人类未来的生存与发展,是当代社会面临的紧迫问题之一。建设国家水禽品种资源基因库是有效保护我国水禽品种资源的迫切要求。福建省石狮市水禽保种中心在农业部、福建省农业厅、石狮市人民政府等单位的大力支持下建立了国家水禽品种资源基因库,可同时保存我国地方鸭品种20个,目前已收集保存了我国地方水禽品种10个,部分鸭品种已采用“家系等量随机选配”方法进入家系保种阶段。本文详细叙述了国家水禽品种资源基因库保种群种鸭家系组建方法,为今后更有效的保护我国畜禽遗传资源提供参考。     

Minocycline prevents primary duck neurons from duck Tembusu virus-induced death

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a neurotropic flavivirus, is a causative agent of severe neurological diseases in different birds. No approved vaccines or antiviral therapeutic treatments are available to date. The poultry industry experiences significant economic losses due to DTMUV infections. Minocycline is a second-generation semi-synthetic tetracycline analogue that is commonly used as an antimicrobial treatment. Experimental studies have indicated the successful protective effects of minocycline against neuronal cell death from neurodegenerative diseases and viral encephalitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of minocycline on DTMUV infection in neurons. Primary duck neurons were treated with minocycline, which exhibited neuroprotective effects via anti-apoptotic function rather than through viral replication inhibition. Minocycline might serve as a potential effective drug in DTMUV infection.     

山东部分地区肉鸭群鸭圆环病毒血清学调查

为了解鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)在山东地区的流行情况,本研究采用已建立的间接ELISA(iELISA)方法对山东省潍坊和泰安两个地区的17个肉鸭场1 130份血清进行DuCV抗体检测。结果显示,肉鸭场的DuCV抗体个体阳性率为2%～78%,平均为29.91%(338/1130),群体阳性率为100%(17/17)。潍坊地区的抗体阳性率(42.81%)明显高于泰安地区(17.73%),显示DuCV在老养殖区鸭群中污染更加严重。     

Post-epizootic surveys of waterfowl for duck plague (duck virus enteritis)

Surviving birds from nine duck plague outbreaks in urban and confined waterfowl were sampled for duck plague (DP) virus and DP antibody during 1979-86. Duck plague virus was found in combined oral and cloacal swabs of birds from three outbreaks, and DP-neutralizing antibody was demonstrated in some birds from all nine outbreaks. Greater prevalence of DP antibody and higher titers were found in survivors from confined populations than from free-flying urban populations. Free-flying waterfowl from within 52 km of four DP outbreak sites were also sampled; virus was not found in any birds, but DP antibody was found in urban waterfowl in the vicinity of an outbreak in Potterville, Michigan. No evidence of exposure to or shedding of DP virus in migratory waterfowl was found in two regions where DP appears enzootic in urban and confined waterfowl (Eastern Shore of Maryland and the vicinity of Sacramento, California).     

Zygomycosis in the duck

The fungal disease zygomycosis was diagnosed in the thoracic cavity of two 7-weeks-old ducks. In the first case, the diagnosis was based on examination of granulomas that were found to contain fungal hyphae characteristics of zygomycetes. The second case was diagnosed using similar criteria along with the subsequent culture of Mucor sp. from the lesion. To attain a definitive diagnosis of zygomycosis, the fungal hyphae found during histologic examination must be differentiated from Aspergillus sp. and Dactylaria gallopava.     

Characterisation of duck thromhocytes

Duck thrombocytes were initially identified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS) purified from whole blood on Ficoll-Paque density gradients by examining stained smears of these cells. These thrombocytes could be readily purified from lymphocytes on the FACStar cell sorter by their increased side-scatter. They were similar to chicken thrombocytes in both appearance and function; they had a diameter of 4.5–6 μm and contained large vacuoles and were able to phagocytose carbon and Staphylococcus aureus. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) BA3 was generated which binds specifically to duck thrombocytes and has facilitated the characterisation of these cells which comprise up to 50–60 per cent of cells in Ficoll-Paque purified duck PBMCS.     

鸭源副黏病毒的致病性试验

利用鸭源副黏病毒(DPMV)SDFC株分别人工感染21日龄健康非免疫樱桃谷肉鸭和SPF雏鸡,观察试验鸡、鸭的发病情况及临床症状,于感染后不同时间剖杀,观察各组织器官的病理变化,并进行病理组织学研究。结果显示,鸭感染DPMV后发病率为100%,死亡率为43.3%;而鸡感染后的发病率、死亡率均为100%。病理组织学研究结果显示,鸭感染DPMV后,以心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、法氏囊广泛性出血、变性为特征,消化道病变较轻微;而鸡感染DPMV后,各组织器官广泛性出血,脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、肝脏、胰腺、肾脏、心肌组织细胞出现不同程度的变性、坏死;食管、腺胃和各段肠管广泛性出血,并伴有黏膜脱落。结果表明,DPMV对鸡、鸭均有较强的致病性,而与鸡相比,对鸭的致病性较弱。     

何谓骡鸭

骡鸭又称半番鸭，是用栖鸭属的公番鸭与河鸭属的母家鸭杂交产生的后代（属间杂种）。由于骡鸭克服了纯番鸭公母体型悬殊大，生长周期长的特点，表现出较强的杂交优势，具有耐粗易养、生活力强、生长快、体型大、肉质好、营养价值高，适合于填肥生产肥肝等特点，近年来在羽色选育上，为适应不同市场需求，骡鸭已形成了花羽、白羽为主或纯白羽等各类型品种。骡鸭在国内外的市场已逐步呈现优势，骡鸭已成为世界普遍受到重视的优质肉用型鸭。据专家预测，骡鸭的生产很有发展潜力，是有希望占据市场主体的第三种肉鸭。我国台湾省的骡鸭生产起步最…     

复方中药“禽康散”对鸭瘟病毒感染鸭胚及成纤维细胞的保护效应

将不同浓度复方中药“禽康散”和鸭瘟病毒(Duck plague virus,DPV)分别以不同方式接种到鸭胚尿囊膜后观察其对DPV感染的鸭胚保护率;用MTT法测定“禽康散”对鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)的安全质量浓度和增殖的影响,及安全质量浓度范围内的“禽康散”对DPV感染鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)能力的影响.结果显示,“禽康散”在10日龄鸭胚内对DPV具有显著的杀灭和阻断感染的作用.“禽康散”对DEF的最大安全质量浓度为2-4 g/mL,在2-4～2-8 g/mL质量浓度范围内对DEF有显著的增殖和抑制DPV感染DEF的能力,且与加药方式和药物质量浓度有一定关系.结果表明,一定质量浓度的“禽康散”对DEF具有增殖作用,并对DPV在鸭胚内和细胞水平上均有较好的杀灭和拮抗作用.     

我国自然发病鸭群中鸭圆环病毒的流行病学调查

为了解鸭圆环病毒(Duck circovirus,DuCV)在我国鸭群中的感染状态,从我国养鸭业比较集中的山东、江苏、四川、福建、广东5个省份36个鸭群采集临床有发病表现的343只病、死鸭的病理组织样品,以提取的组织DNA为模板通过特异性斑点杂交和PCR方法检测DuCV的感染情况.结果显示上述5个省份的鸭均检出了DuCV,病、死鸭中DuCV的个体阳性率为81.63%(280/343),群体阳性率为94.44%(34/36).结果表明我国鸭群中已普遍存在DuCV的感染.     

番鸭细小病毒的研究进展

番鸭细小病毒(MPV)引起的雏鸭发病称为雏番鸭细小病毒病,主要侵害1～3周龄的雏番鸭,俗称"三周病".其发病率为26%～62%,病死率为22%～43%,病愈鸭大部分成为僵鸭,给养鸭业带来一定损失.该病具有高度传染性,多以腹泻、喘气和进行性消瘦及脚发软为主要症状.     

樱桃谷种鸭旱养的应用与推广

樱桃谷鸭是经多年培育而得的优良品种，有蛋用、肉用型。成年母鸭体重3．5～4．0kg，公鸭4．0～4．5kg。母鸭140～150日龄开始产蛋，平均蛋重将近100g，产蛋高峰期长达5～6个月，年产蛋220枚左右，种蛋受精率可达90％左右。     

I型鸭肝炎病毒在鸭胚成纤维细胞系中的增殖特性研究

为研究I型鸭肝炎病毒(DHV-1)在鸭胚成纤维细胞系(DEF-h)中的增殖规律,本研究将DHV-1野毒株(ZJ-08株)接种DEF-h细胞,连续传代3次后,观察病毒对细胞的致病变效应(CPE),并对病毒核酸及其蛋白的表达和病毒增殖特性进行了鉴定。研究结果显示,DHV ZJ-08株能够在DEF-h中有效增殖,并产生典型的CPE,病毒蛋白在细胞中也获得了良好表达,并与DHV-1特异性抗体发生反应。一步生长曲线显示ZJ-08株病毒感染DEF-h 12 h开始增殖,36 h～60 h进入快速增殖期,72 h达到峰值,TCID50为10-4.3/mL。本实验为进一步的DHV-1的致病机理和细胞灭活疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

基于主成分分析法建立鸭肉质的评估模型

对金定鸭、樱桃谷鸭、苏牧麻鸭和番鸭的失水率(X1)、剪切力(X2)、pH值(X3)、肉色(X4)、粗脂肪((X5)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA,X6)、必需脂肪酸/(EFA,X7)、肌原纤维直径(X8)等8个肉质指标进行了测定,运用主成分分析对肉品质指标进行分析,并建立了主成分综合评价模型(y=-0.301zx1+0.367zx2-0.033zx3-0.223zx4-0.342zx5+0.250zx6+0.249zx7+0.267zx8).结果表明,选取前2个特征值作为2个主成分(累计贡献率达到85.15％),基本上反映了原所有肉质指标包含的全部信息;番鸭主成分综合得分最高,其次分别为金定鸭、苏牧麻鸭,樱桃谷鸭表现较低,结果与预期完全吻合.