禽流感病毒NS2蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

为制备禽流感病毒(AIV)NS2蛋白的多克隆抗体,本研究将人工合成的NS2基因克隆至表达载体pET-28a中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达His-NS2重组蛋白。SDS-PAGE和western blot试验表明,该重组蛋白获得大量表达,可溶性高,并且具有较好的反应原性。将纯化后的重组蛋白免疫新西兰白兔制备多克隆抗体,并通过间接ELISA检测其效价达1∶20 000以上。Western blot和间接免疫荧光试验显示,多克隆抗体能够与NS2蛋白特异性结合。     

鸡毒支原体黏附因子MGC2的克隆及原核表达

为表达鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)黏附基因MGC2蛋白,探索其作为诊断抗原的可能性,参考Gen Bank登录的鸡毒支原体F株MGC2基因序列,利用Primer 5.0软件设计合成引物,通过重叠延伸PCR(SOE-PCR)对鸡毒支原体MGC2基因的1个位点进行定点突变,将此突变基因克隆到表达载体p ET-30a(+)中,具有正确阅读框架的重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导后采用SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测。结果表明,PCR扩增的目的基因大小约为918 bp;SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白相对分子质量约为39.6 ku;Western blot检测表明重组蛋白具有鸡毒支原体反应原性。该研究结果为鸡毒支原体抗体ELISA检测方法的建立奠定基础。     

牛γ干扰素在CHO细胞中的表达和鉴定

为获得高活性的牛γ干扰素(BoIFN-γ),依据GenBank中已发表的BoIFN-γ基因序列(M29867)进行人工合成,应用PCR方法扩增该基因,将其插入pIRESneo构建真核表达质粒,转染到CHO细胞中,用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定目的蛋白的表达,并用牛γ干扰素检测试剂盒鉴定其反应原性.结果:成功的构建了pIRES-BoIFN-γ真核表达载体,实现了其在CHO细胞上的表达.表达产物经γ-干扰素检测试剂盒检测具有良好的反应原性,为研究BoIFN-γ结构与生物学功能以及建立牛结核BoIFN-γ检测法奠定了基础.     

猪圆环病毒2型CC株ORF3基因的克隆与原核表达

为原核表达猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的ORF3编码蛋白,本研究采用PCR方法以PCV2的CC株的基因组DNA为模板扩增ORF3基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3),经IPTG诱导表达.SDS-PAGE结果显示,表达的重组蛋白约为31ku,并且以包涵体形式存在;western blot分析表明,ORF3重组蛋白能够与鼠抗His标签单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,表明原核表达的ORF3重组蛋白具有良好的反应原性.     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白在毕赤酵母GS115中的表达及产物特性研究

本试验旨在利用毕赤酵母系统表达狂犬病病毒(RV)糖蛋白(GP)基因,并对重组蛋白进行反应原性研究。构建重组表达质粒pPiczαA-G,线性化后电转入酵母GS115中,经平板初筛及PCR鉴定正确后命名为pPiczαA-G-GS115。重组菌经1.0%甲醇诱导表达,对目的蛋白进行双抗体夹心ELISA检测、SDS-PAGE电泳、Western blot分析。结果表明,ELISA检测诱导72 h重组蛋白表达量最高;SDS-PAGE分析显示目的蛋白相对分子量约为65 kD,与理论值相符。Western blot结果表明,重组蛋白可与RV阳性血清发生特异性反应。本试验为进一步研制狂犬病病毒ELISA抗体诊断试剂盒奠定基础。     

弓形虫GT1虫株GRA15蛋白的表达及其反应原性分析

为了分析弓形虫GT1虫株GRA15(GRA15_GT1)蛋白的反应原性,通过PCR扩增编码GRA15_GT152～635氨基酸肽段的基因片段,构建pGEX-6P-1-GRA15_GT1载体,转化BL21菌诱导表达;通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法进行表达验证及反应原性分析。结果显示:SDS-PAGE及以GST标签抗体为一抗进行Western blot,均有目的条带,比理论值稍大;以猪弓形虫阳性血清为一抗的Western blot条带与GST抗体孵育后的条带大小一致。上述结果表明,GRA15_GT1蛋白具有较好的反应原性,这为下一步分段表达GRA15_GT1蛋白,研究其在弓形虫血清学分型中的应用奠定了基础。     

猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型US3基因的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

为制备猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(FHV-1)US3蛋白的多克隆抗体,本研究通过PCR方法扩增US3基因,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a中,构建重组质粒pET-US3;然后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经1mmol/L IPTG诱导表达His-US3重组蛋白。SDS-PAGE和Western blot试验表明,该重组蛋白为可溶性表达,并且具有较好的反应原性。将切胶纯化后的重组蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,并通过间接ELISA检测其效价达1:10,000以上。Western blot和间接免疫荧光试验显示,多克隆抗体能够与US3蛋白特异性结合。US3多克隆抗体的制备为US3缺失株的检测及进一步研究US3蛋白的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒S1蛋白表达及反应原性分析

为了获得反应原性较好的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)S1蛋白,利用原核表达系统对S1基因(60~845 bp)进行扩增并构建原核表达质粒,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),以1 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达4 h,进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。结果显示:成功构建了pET-30A-S1质粒,重组蛋白得到了表达且具有良好的反应原性,能够被兔PEDV多抗血清识别。本研究为进一步建立ELISA检测方法和亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了物质基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5a蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的表达

构建高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,HP-PRRSV)HuN4株GP5a蛋白基因的原核表达载体,并将其在宿主菌BL21(DE3)感受细胞中进行表达。以HP-PRRSV HuN4株GP5a蛋白的基因序列为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增获得GP5a蛋白全长基因片段,将其定向克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,构建含有GP5a蛋白基因的重组表达载体pGEX-GP5a;将构建的重组质粒转化宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,表达出目的蛋白;表达蛋白采用Western blot方法检测其反应原性。结果显示,成功克隆出了HP-PRRSV HuN4株GP5a蛋白基因全长,片段序列为156bp;构建的pGEX-GP5a载体经PCR、双酶切、测序鉴定均正确,转化表达宿主菌后经SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白以包涵体的形式表达,用包涵体纯化法获得该蛋白;Western blot检测表达蛋白的反应原性,结果显示表达蛋白具有良好的反应原性。本试验成功构建了含有HP-PRRSV HuN4株GP5a蛋白基因的原核表达载体,成功表达、纯化得到了GP5a蛋白,为进一步研究GP5a蛋白的功能提供材料。     

禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒env蛋白的表达及其在ELISA方法中的应用

以pb101质粒为模板,PCR扩增禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)囊膜糖蛋白env基因片段.构建原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-3-env后,转化入宿主菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达env蛋白,对表达的蛋白进行SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析.结果表明,表达的重组蛋白具有良好的反应原性,相对分子质量约66.4 ku.将表达产物纯化后作为包被抗原,建立了检测REV抗体的间接ELISA方法(Ienv-ELISA).经应用表明该方法具有良好的特异性、可重复性和敏感性,与IFA及iREV-ELISA结果相比其准确率均超过90%.该方法为检测REV抗体提供了一种快速、准确、简便的技术手段.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.