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《中国蜂业》2016,(3):51-53
本文总结了2015年国内外蜂产品质量安全研究的概况和进展,分析了本年度所有相关文献的数据库分布和研究领域分布情况。以实例的形式阐述了蜂产品中农兽药残留、重金属残留、环境激素分析、活性物质分析以及蜂蜜真实性分析的研究方法和思路。样品前处理方面,在传统的固相萃取、液相萃取和Qu ECh ERS方法的基础上拓展出的分散微固相萃取、分散液液微萃取、快速溶剂萃取等新方法,在提取效率和环境友好等方面表现出巨大的优势;仪器方法方面,液相色谱或气相色谱串联高分辨质谱法仍然是最主流的检测方法,但是在重金属残留分析中更多采用原子吸收光谱法或者电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法。采用新的样品前处理方法提高提取效率、节约分析时间,使用高分辨质谱检测仪器提高灵敏度、实现高通量是国内外的蜂产品质量安全研究的着重点。本文的研究拓展了今后蜂产品质量安全研究的思路,同时对提升蜂产品检测方法有效性和质量控制起着积极促进作用。 相似文献
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生物传感器技术及其在检测动物性产品中药物残留的应用前景 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在饲料中添加禁用的化学物质造成的动物性产品中有害物残留超标是一个世界性的难题 ,它严重地威胁着人类的健康 ,破坏生态环境 ,制约经济的发展。药残现象如此严重的原因之一是检测技术和手段不够有效和先进。目前 ,国内外检测食品中残留物的技术主要有 :(1)仪器分析法。 2 0世纪 90年代以来 ,仪器分析领域一些新技术被应用于激素、抗生素、农药残留的检测。主要包括现代光谱技术、现代色谱分析技术 (如超临界流体色谱、高效液相色谱、气相色谱、凝胶渗透色谱等 )、波谱与色谱联用技术 (如气相色谱 -质谱联用技术、液相色谱 -质谱联用技术 )… 相似文献
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高效液相色谱串联质谱技术在兽药残留检测中的应用进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
动物源性食品安全已经成为全球性的问题,食品中兽药残留的检测方法也成为国内外学者研究的热点。本文系统综述了近年来高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-LC/MS)在抗生素、抗球虫和激素类药物残留分析中的应用进展。 相似文献
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建立了同时测定蜂蜜和蜂王浆中20种喹诺酮类药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。以磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 3.0)溶液提取样品中的待测物,HLB固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。药物在1~50 ng/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。方法的检出限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,在蜂蜜和蜂王浆中添加浓度范围为1.0~5.0μg/kg,其平均回收率为69.0%~105.1%,相对标准偏差在1.4%~14.7%之间。方法抗干扰能力强、分析速度快、灵敏度高,适用于蜂产品中喹诺酮类药物残留量的测定。 相似文献
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蜂蜜品种的鉴别是确定蜂蜜独有特性、促进优质优价的有效手段,在前期已经建立特色蜂蜜鉴别和功能识别可靠模型的基础上,本文建立了同时鉴别荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜的方法。采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC/Q-Tof-MS)技术对荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜3种大宗蜂蜜进行了非靶向代谢组学分析,结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)对该3种蜂蜜进行差异比较,发现咖啡酸、4-羟基喹啉和刺槐苷对3种蜂蜜的鉴别起到关键作用。采用超高效液相色谱—三重四极杆质谱(UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS)技术建立了同时测定蜂蜜中咖啡酸、4-羟基喹啉和刺槐苷的方法,该方法简便快速、准确可靠。分析北京及周边地区荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜样品中的咖啡酸、4-羟基喹啉和刺槐苷的含量,确定咖啡酸、4-羟基喹啉和刺槐苷可分别作为荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜的标志性成分,其阈值分别为1.6mg/kg、1.0mg/kg和0.4mg/kg。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献