Transgenic cereals: Current status and future prospects

This review summarises the history of transgenic (GM) cereals, principally maize, and then focuses on the scientific literature published in the last two years. It describes the production of GM cereals with modified traits, divided into input traits and output traits. The first category includes herbicide tolerance and insect resistance, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses; the second includes altered grains for starch, protein or nutrient quality, the use of cereals for the production of high value medical or other products, and the generation of plants with improved efficiency of biofuel production. Using data from field trial and patent databases the review considers the diversity of GM lines being tested for possible future development. It also summarises the dichotomy of response to GM products in various countries, describes the basis for the varied public acceptability of such products, and assesses the development of novel breeding techniques in the light of current GM regulatory procedures.     

Current research status, databases and application of single nucleotide polymorphism

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequent form of DNA variation in the genome. SNPs are genetic markers which are bi-allelic in nature and grow at a very fast rate. Current genomic databases contain information on several million SNPs. More than 6 million SNPs have been identified and the information is publicly available through the efforts of the SNP Consortium and others data bases. The NCBI plays a major role in facillating the identification and cataloging of SNPs through creation and maintenance of the public SNP database (dbSNP) by the biomedical community worldwide and stimulate many areas of biological research including the identification of the genetic components of disease. In this review article, we are compiling the existing SNP databases, research status and their application.     

Current status of IPM in apple orchards

Apple integrated pest management (IPM) research and the development of apple IPM programs through transfer technology activities of Extension and Advisory personnel and Crop Consultants has been intense and continuous for over 20 years, and current apple IPM programs vary largely from one country to another and even in different regions within a country. Factors that account for these differences include the number of major and minor pests, available technology, commitment to IPM approach, and financial and personnel support for IPM research, demonstration, and implementation. This short review discusses the basic approaches for managing arthropod pests and pathogens included in current apple IPM programs.     

汉寿县油菜生产现状及其对策

指出了目前汉寿县油菜生产中存在的问题,剖析了问题的症结,提出了"行政引导、推广良种、规范栽培和产业化开发"的振兴油菜生产的对策.     

旱稻生产现状分析及发展策略

论述了发展旱稻生产的意义,从种植分布、种植方式、品种资源等方面分析了旱稻生产的现状,从根系特征特性、产量及构成因素、抗旱形态特征等方面分析了旱稻的抗旱机理,综述了旱稻栽培技术的发展情况,在此基础上提出了发展旱稻生产的策略.     

植物虚拟研究现状及展望

在阐述虚拟植物研究意义的基础上。介绍了生成植物图形的方法．概述了国内外虚拟植物模型研究情况，提出了虚拟研究存在的问题，并对此领域的发展进行了展望。     

种业的现状与营销策略

在论述我国种业市场特性、现状与发展趋势的基础上，提出了种业市场营销的六大策略，即：树立企业形象，提升企业品牌价值；开展市场调研和行业分析，把握营销机会；确定明确的营销发展战略方向；实施差异化营销策略；加强对区域市场的规划和建设；强化客户的管理和培训。     

Dakota Jewel: An attractive, new, bright red-skinned, fresh market potato cultivar with improved storage characteristics

‘Dakota Jewel’ is a medium- to late-maturing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar; however, tuber maturity is early. Tubers are smooth, round to oblong in shape, with bright red skin and white flesh. Dakota Jewel is suitable for the fresh tablestock market, both directly from the field and following storage. Yield potential is medium, with total yield, U.S. No. 1s and percentage U.S. No. 1s of Dakota Jewel equal to those of Red Norland; size distribution is similar. Dakota Jewel sizes early, retains its color in storage, and has strong dormancy. It is susceptible to hollow heart. A mean specific gravity of 1.077 across non-irrigated and irrigated sites in North Dakota is much higher than Red Norland and Red Pontiac, standard red tablestock cultivars. Sensory evaluation scores of baked, boiled, and microwaved tubers are similar to Red Norland and Red Pontiac. Dakota Jewel was released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station on 26 March 2004.     

国内外油桐发展现状与建阳市发展战略对策的探讨

油桐为我省乡土树种,种植历史悠久,木材主要作为食用菌栽培原料。油桐的干种仁含油率达60％-70％,桐油既可应用于工业、医药,还可开发生产生物能源,因此,油桐产业化开发前景广阔。在分析国内外油桐产业发展现状．发展油桐生物能源林的战略意义的基础上,阐述了建阳市发展油桐的优势与潜力,并提出了发展对策与建议,为区域油桐发展提供参考。     

Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter

Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.     

黑龙江省大豆生产特点与发展问题

在分析黑龙江省大豆基本特点和存在问题的基础上,针对国外大豆大量进口的现实情况,探讨了黑龙江省大豆发展方向。提出了以确保国内市场,兼顾国外市场,重点发展食用大豆和靠国家投入发展油用大豆的生产发展对策。     

糯稻品质研究现状与进展

从胚乳的组分与结构特性及其常规米质性状、淀粉的粘滞特性与酿造特性等方面初步介绍了糯稻的品质,并对国内外糯质基因遗传的研究成果和研究现状进行了概述.同时初步介绍了基因型和环境及其互作对糯稻品质的影响,即糯稻品质性状的变异主要受到基因型及基因型×环境互作效应的较大影响,环境的单独效应较小;而且温度对糯稻品质的影响不显著,这与粘稻明显不同.     

湖南优质稻米产业化发展现状及对策

论述了湖南优质稻米产业化发展的现状和面临的问题，讨论了发展优质稻米产业的必要性，提出了优质稻产业化的发展对策：紧紧抓住国内市场，积极开拓国际市场；切实保护水稻生产能力；加速推进优质稻米产业化进程。     

中国大豆食品产业发展的现状及技术创新

伴随着中国经济的高速增长,大豆的消费量也急速增加。大豆在改善人民生活和增进健康方面起着重要作用。没有大豆需求的增长也就没有今天大豆加工业的繁荣。但是,随着大豆的大量进口和加工厂的规模不断扩大,国产大豆在生产、环保、加工技术创新以及粮食安全等方面,正面临着许多迫切解决的问题。本文就中国大豆的消费、加工利用以及科学技术创新等问题作一介绍。     

我国油菜品种登记与推广现状分析

依据《中华人民共和国种子法》,从2017年5月起,我国对油菜品种由原来的审定管理改为登记管理。截至2021年7月,我国共登记油菜品种1212个。为掌握我国油菜品种选育水平,围绕产业需求指明育种创新方向,更好地发挥品种登记制度作用,本文分析了我国油菜登记品种现状,提出了有关建议。研究发现,登记品种中新选育品种占比近一半,几乎全部为国内自主选育品种（仅1个为境外引进）,主要由主产区省份登记,以甘蓝型杂交品种为主,抗寒性受到更多关注,抗病性增强,含油量提升明显,品质明显改良,但也存在多数品种未申请品种权保护、短生育期品种较少等问题。针对存在的问题,围绕产业发展需求,本文建议在完善品种登记制度的基础上,要尽快修订品种登记办法及指南,加强事后监管;在品种选育创新方向上,要加强生育期短、适宜机械化种植和菜用、肥用、饲用等多用途品种的选育,从而推动我国油菜产业高质量发展。     

Current status,opportunities, and challenges of cover cropping for sustainable dryland farming in the Southern Great Plains

Cropping systems that integrate cover crops into crop rotations, reduce tillage intensity and frequency, and maintain residue cover have the potential to improve agricultural sustainability in drylands. However, there is much yet to learn about the benefits of cover crops in sustainable dryland farming in the southern Great Plains (SGP). We reviewed the literature on the effects of cover crops on soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen, soil water conservation, and crop yields in dryland cropping systems of the US Great Plains (GP), and analyzed the opportunities and challenges for integrating cover crops into dryland crop-fallow systems of the SGP. Majority of the studies in the central Great Plains (CGP) and the northern Great Plains (NGP) of the United States suggest that cover cropping improves sustainability of cropping systems through their positive effects on SOC accumulation, nutrient cycling, soil erosion control, weed suppression, and soil health improvement. However, integrating cover crops into dryland cropping systems of the SGP faces challenges because of low quantity of soil-water availability. More research on the tradeoff between water use and other agroecosystem benefits of cover cropping is required to successfully integrate cover crops into dryland cropping systems in the SGP.     

Current status of the TPS technology in the world

Summary The availability of improved True Potato Seed (TPS) varieties for short and long photoperiod conditions has recently increased the interest in the TPS technology. A summarized overview is presented of the TPS technology for potato tuber production, TPS breeding and production. TPS competes successfully with clonal cultivars in Egypt and India. In other developing countries higher yields and better adaptation are needed to make the TPS technology economically attractive; the case of TPS in Indonesia is used to illustrate this. In industrialised countries, well-performing seed tuber programmes, productivity and legislative restrictions are difficult to beat by TPS. However, the use of TPS can be economically attractive where disease pressure is high. It is concluded that TPS has a place within potato systems where agroecological conditions for seed tuber systems and steady supply of good quality tubers from a formal seed programme are most constrained. Further genetic improvement will increase the areas where TPS provides better and cheaper planting material.     

厦门市蔬菜农药残留现状及对策

对2006-2009年厦门市蔬菜农药残留现状进行研究,分析不同年份、不同抽样地点、不同蔬菜品种农残检测合格率,探讨蔬菜农残超标原因及相关对策。     

Mainechip: A new chipping potato variety for cool storage processing

TheMaineChip potato variety is medium-maturing and has round, whiteskinned, white-fleshed tubers with shallow eyes, high specific gravity and moderate yields. Its major use is expected to be as a storage chipping variety since sugar build-up in storage is slow, and reconditioning is possible. This variety can be chipped directly from 7 C storage.MaineChip does not show the net necrosis caused by potato leafroll virus and is moderately tolerant to verticillium wilt (Verticillium alboatrum) and rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani). It is also moderately resistant to blackspot and shatter bruise. Hollow heart is its major internal quality defect, being a problem in ten of the twenty-nine regional tests conducted over five years.